Body composition in the elderly: Reference values and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy to predict total body skeletal muscle mass

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Tengvall ◽  
Lars Ellegård ◽  
Vibeke Malmros ◽  
Niklas Bosaeus ◽  
Lauren Lissner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Reference Values for Skeletal Muscle Mass – Current Concepts and Methodological Considerations

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina O. Walowski ◽  
Wiebke Braun ◽  
Michael J. Maisch ◽  
Björn Jensen ◽  
Sven Peine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional

Assessment of a low skeletal muscle mass (SM) is important for diagnosis of ageing and disease-associated sarcopenia and is hindered by heterogeneous methods and terminologies that lead to differences in diagnostic criteria among studies and even among consensus definitions. The aim of this review was to analyze and summarize previously published cut-offs for SM applied in clinical and research settings and to facilitate comparison of results between studies. Multiple published reference values for discrepant parameters of SM were identified from 64 studies and the underlying methodological assumptions and limitations are compared including different concepts for normalization of SM for body size and fat mass (FM). Single computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging images and appendicular lean soft tissue by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) are taken as a valid substitute of total SM because they show a high correlation with results from whole body imaging in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. However, the random error of these methods limits the applicability of these substitutes in the assessment of individual cases and together with the systematic error limits the accurate detection of changes in SM. Adverse effects of obesity on muscle quality and function may lead to an underestimation of sarcopenia in obesity and may justify normalization of SM for FM. In conclusion, results for SM can only be compared with reference values using the same method, BIA- or DXA-device and an appropriate reference population. Limitations of proxies for total SM as well as normalization of SM for FM are important content-related issues that need to be considered in longitudinal studies, populations with obesity or older subjects.

scholarly journals Assessment of adult malnutrition with bioelectrical impedance analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Geisler ◽  
Mark Hübers ◽  
Manfred Müller
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Composition Characteristics

The two aims of this study were to evaluate (i) the prevalence of malnutrition based on age, sex and BMI specific PA and (ii) to determinate what specific body composition characteristics (skeletal muscle mass and adipose tissue) are related to a low PA.

scholarly journals Body Composition and Exercise Performance in Youth With a Fontan Circulation: A Bio‐Impedance Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam W. Powell ◽  
Samuel G. Wittekind ◽  
Tarek Alsaied ◽  
Adam M. Lubert ◽  
Clifford Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Fontan Circulation ◽  
Z Score

Background Adults with a Fontan circulation tend to have myopenia and elevated adiposity when measured by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is an alternative validated approach to assess body composition. We used bioelectrical impedance analysis to compare body composition between pediatric patients with a Fontan circulation and control individuals without heart disease. Methods and Results A retrospective chart review identified all patients aged <22 years with a Fontan circulation who presented for cardiopulmonary exercise testing and bioelectrical impedance analysis from April 2019 to January 2020. Data were compared with control subjects tested during the same period. We studied 47 patients with a Fontan circulation (53% boys; 15±3.1 years) and 165 controls (48% boys; 14.4±2.5 years). Fontan status was associated with shorter height, but similar age, sex, and overall body mass. Patients with Fontan had lower lean body mass (−12.0±22%, Z‐score −0.5±1, P =0.005), skeletal muscle mass (−13.6±1.4%; Z‐score, −0.5±1; P =0.004), skeletal muscle indexed to height (−10.3±13.3%; Z‐score, −0.5±1; P =0.005), and higher percent body fat (+13.8±18.6%; Z‐score, 0.4±1.2; P =0.03). Greater skeletal muscle mass was associated with higher peak oxygen consumption ( r 2 =0.52, P <0.0001) and oxygen pulse ( r 2 =0.68, P <0.0001). Patients who had suffered a late complication (ie, heart transplant referral or evidence of extracardiac organ dysfunction) of the Fontan operation (13 of 47, 27.7%) had lower skeletal muscle mass ( P =0.048) and higher body fat percentage ( P =0.003). Conclusions The Fontan circulation is associated with marked myopenia and increased adiposity. Higher muscle mass was associated with better exercise capacity. Fontan complications are associated with lower muscle mass and increased adiposity.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Mass Index cut-offs by bioelectrical impedance analysis to determine Sarcopenia Based on healthy young or old Populations: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
J S Villada-Gómez ◽  
C H González-Correa ◽  
M C Pineda-Zuluaga
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass Index

Abstract Skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) is a component in sarcopenia. There is no universal cut-off point and therefore each population should have its own reference values. This study aimed comparing SMMI cut-off points derived from a young population with those obtained directly from an elderly population. 237 older adult community-dwelling older than 60 years were evaluated. The skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). SMMI was calculated as SMM/height squared. The young population consisted of 255 participants from the same locality. The cut-off points from older person for moderate low muscle mass were 6.70 (women) and 9.20 kg/m2 (men). In this case, they were higher than those estimated from the young population (6.42 and 8.40 kg/m2for women and men). A similar trend was obtained when the cut-off points were set below the 20th percentile. When two standard deviations were used to determine the cut-off points, the values for older women were lower (5.90 kg/m2) than those obtained from young adults. There were no differences in the case of men. SMMI reference values from elderly persons is an option to diagnose sarcopenia, however prospective studies are necessary to stablish the capacity to predict functional outcomes.

scholarly journals THU0610-HPR PREDICTION EQUATION FOR MUSCLE MASS OVERESTIMATES MUSCLE MASS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 546.2-547
Author(s):  
R. Cavalheiro Do Espírito Santo ◽  
L. Santos ◽  
L. Filippin ◽  
P. Lora ◽  
R. Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Total Body

Background:Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by systemic manifestations. Often is observed in RA patients changes in body composition, such as reduced muscle mass (sarcopenia) with stable or increased fat mass (FM) [1]. Total-body skeletal muscle mass (SMM), specifically appendicular skeletal muscle, is a key diagnostic feature for the assessment of geriatric syndromes associated with skeletal muscle wasting, such as sarcopenia [2]. Estimation of SMM can be accomplished by a variety of methods, but the majority that considered the gold standard for this purpose are high cost. Due high cost, this methods are unfeasible in population studies and increases the difficulty of use in different clinical contexts. Predictive equations have been developed for estimation of whole-body skeletal muscle mass on the basis of anthropometric data, which can be collected in a more affordable manner, in an attempt to make SMM calculation easier and enable its use in epidemiological research and in clinical settings [3]. However, these equations were not developed for RA populations.Objectives:To compare the anthropometric equation that estimate SMM with body composition measurements derived from DXA in RA patients.Methods:Ninety patients diagnosed with RA according to ACR/EULAR criteria were recruited. Body composition was assessed by total body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for measurement of appendicular lean mass index (ALMI, kg/m2). The prediction equation for muscle mass proposed by Lee et al (variables included: body weight, height, age, sex and race) was used to generate estimates of SMM, stratified by BMI. Frequency analysis, independent student’s t test and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were performed. Statistical significance was considered as p<0.05Results:Of the 90 patients analyzed, most were women (86.7%; 78/91), with mean age of 56.5±7.3 and median disease duration time of 8.5 (3-18) years. The mean of BMI was 27.39±5.14. Thirty (33.3%) RA patients had normal weight, forty patients (44.4%) were overweight and twenty patients (22.2%) were obese. In normal weight patients, just like overweight and obese patients, the estimates of SMM obtained by Lee equation were higher than those obtained by DXA measurements(Obese: Lee 10.66±1.19 vs DXA 7.10±0.73; Overweight: Lee 8.63±0.99 vs DXA 6.57±0.82; Normal weight: Lee 7.14±0.85vs DXA 6.03±0.71; p<0.05). The Lee equation estimates showed ICC of 0.78 (0.66 - 0.85) with DXA measurements. When stratified by BMI, Lee equation showed ICC of 0.87 (0.72 - 0.94) for normal weight, 0.83 (0.68 - 0.91) for overweight and 0.77 (0.42 - 0.90) for obese with DXA.Conclusion:The muscle mass index by Lee equation overestimates the muscle mass in overweight or obese RA patients compared to DXA. Thus, sarcopenic RA patients may be wrongly classified as normal by the equation. This is probably related to the obese cachexia that these patients often present. More studies are necessary to analysis to better prediction equations for muscle mass in RA patients.References:[1]Smolen JS et al. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2018;4:18001; [2] Kim J et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76: 378–83.; [3] Lee RC et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:796-803.Acknowledgments:We thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—CAPES) institution, the Foundation for Research Support of the Rio Grande do Sul State (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul—FAPERGS), the Research and Events Incentive Fund (Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa e Eventos—FIPE) of HCPA and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq).Disclosure of Interests:Rafaela Cavalheiro do Espírito Santo: None declared, Leonardo Santos: None declared, Lidiane Filippin: None declared, Priscila Lora: None declared, Ricardo Xavier Consultant of: AbbVie, Pfizer, Novartis, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Roche

Creatine Supplementation Does Not Influence the Ratio Between Intracellular Water and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Resistance-Trained Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Alex S. Ribeiro ◽  
Ademar Avelar ◽  
Witalo Kassiano ◽  
João Pedro Nunes ◽  
Brad J. Schoenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Total Body

The authors aimed to compare the effects of creatine (Cr) supplementation combined with resistance training on skeletal muscle mass (SMM), total body water, intracellular water (ICW), and extracellular water (ECW) in resistance-trained men as well as to determine whether the SMM/ICW ratio changes in response to the use of this ergogenic aid. Twenty-seven resistance-trained men received either Cr (n = 14) or placebo (n = 13) over 8 weeks. During the same period, subjects performed two split resistance training routines four times per week. SMM was estimated from appendicular lean soft tissue assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Total body water, ICW, and ECW were determined by spectral bioelectrical impedance. Both groups showed improvements (p < .05) in SMM, total body water, and ICW, with greater values observed for the Cr group compared with placebo. ECW increased similarly in both groups (p < .05). The SMM/ICW ratio did not change in either group (p > .05), whereas the SMM/ECW ratio decreased only in the Cr group (p < .05). A positive correlation was observed (p < .05) between SMM and ICW changes (r = .71). The authors’ results suggest that the increase in muscle mass induced by Cr combined with resistance training occurs without alteration of the ratio of ICW to SMM in resistance-trained men.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Mass Indices in Healthy Young Mexican Adults Aged 20–40 Years: Implications for Diagnoses of Sarcopenia in the Elderly Population

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Alemán-Mateo ◽  
Roxana E. Ruiz Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Northwest Mexico ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mexican Adults ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass

Background and Objectives. Skeletal muscle and skeletal muscle indices in young adults from developing countries are sparse. Indices and the corresponding cut-off points can be a reference for diagnoses of sarcopenia. This study assessed skeletal muscle using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in healthy male and female subjects aged 20–40 years and compared their appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and total-body skeletal muscle (TBSM) indices using certain cut-off points published in the literature.Methods. A sample of 216 healthy adults men and women from northwest Mexico was included. Body composition was assessed by DXA and several published DXA-derived skeletal muscle indices were compared.Results. Both, ASM and TBSM were higher in men compared to the women group (23.0 ± 3.4 versus 15.9 ± 1.6 kg;P<0.05and 26.5 ± 4.1 versus 16.9 ± 1.9 kg;P<0.05, resp.). These differences were also valid for both indices. When derived cut-off points were compared with the most reported indices, significant differences were found.Interpretation and Conclusion. Published cut-off points from Caucasians are higher than cut-off point derived in this sample of Mexican subjects. The new DXA-derived cut-off points for ASM proposed herein may improve diagnoses of sarcopenia in the geriatric Mexican population.

scholarly journals Body composition and energy intake — skeletal muscle mass is the strongest predictor of food intake in obese adolescents: The HEARTY trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jameason D. Cameron ◽  
Ronald J. Sigal ◽  
Glen P. Kenny ◽  
Angela S. Alberga ◽  
Denis Prud’homme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Obese Adolescents

There has been renewed interest in examining the relationship between specific components of energy expenditure and the overall influence on energy intake (EI). The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to determine the strongest metabolic and anthropometric predictors of EI. It was hypothesized that resting metabolic rate (RMR) and skeletal muscle mass would be the strongest predictors of EI in a sample of overweight and obese adolescents. 304 post-pubertal adolescents (91 boys, 213 girls) aged 16.1 (±1.4) years with body mass index at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex OR at or above the 85th percentile plus an additional diabetes risk factor were measured for body weight, RMR (kcal/day) by indirect calorimetry, body composition by magnetic resonance imaging (fat free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass, fat mass (FM), and percentage body fat), and EI (kcal/day) using 3 day food records. Body weight, RMR, FFM, skeletal muscle mass, and FM were all significantly correlated with EI (p < 0.005). After adjusting the model for age, sex, height, and physical activity, only FFM (β = 21.9, p = 0.007) and skeletal muscle mass (β = 25.8, p = 0.02) remained as significant predictors of EI. FFM and skeletal muscle mass also predicted dietary protein and fat intake (p < 0.05), but not carbohydrate intake. In conclusion, with skeletal muscle mass being the best predictor of EI, our results support the hypothesis that the magnitude of the body’s lean tissue is related to absolute levels of EI in a sample of inactive adolescents with obesity.

scholarly journals Combining Amino Acid and Vitamin D Supplementation with Exercise Training Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass and Prevent Bone Mineral Density Loss in Participants with Low Muscle Mass

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ha Cao Thi Thu ◽  
Satoshi Kurose ◽  
Yaeko Fukushima ◽  
Nana Takao ◽  
Natsuko Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Supplement Group

This study evaluated the impact of exercise training with amino acid and vitamin D supplementation on muscle and bone mass in participants with low muscle volume. Twenty-nine Japanese participants (56-84 years old) were enrolled and assigned into the supplement (n=15) and non-supplement (n=14) groups. All participants underwent a 6-month exercise program. Supplements and nutrition support were provided to the participants in the supplement group for 12 weeks. Body composition and whole bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The outcomes, including body composition, whole BMD, and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), were evaluated twice: pre- and post-intervention. The SMI was 6.51(6.28; 7.14) and 5.58 (5.24; 6.05) (kg/m2) in men and women, respectively. The average SMI change was 0.13% (-0.05%; 0.31%) and 2.33% (-0.88%; 5.48%); [mean (lower; upper quartile)]. The average BMD loss in the non-supplement group was -2.78%, and the BMD increased in the supplement group by 4.34%; there was an absolute difference between the two groups (p<0.05). After the intervention, serum myostatin was changed (p=0.001, non-supplement>supplement), serum vitamin D was increased (p=0.03; supplement>non-supplement), and BMD was maintained (p=0.03, supplement>non-supplement). There was a significant difference in the serum myostatin level at baseline and at 6-month in the non-supplement group, with a mean difference of 483.78 ng/ml (p=0.01). There was no significant improvement in the total lean mass, and handgrip strength. Resistance exercise combined with an amino acid supplement affects muscle and bone mass in the short-term intervention.

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