Reference centiles for evaluating total body fat development and fat distribution by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry among children and adolescents aged 3–18 years

Objective: Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is strongly linked to insulin resistance. Variations in the size of any adipose depot are determined by alterations in adipocyte volume and/or number. The individual contribution of each of the latter factors was determined in the major omentum, a fully resectable VAT depot. Subjects: Total removal of the major omentum (omentectomy) was performed in conjunction with bariatric surgery in 55 obese patients. Tissue weight as well as mean adipocyte size and number in the omentum were determined. In subgroups, total VAT was estimated by computerized tomography (n = 17) or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (n = 34). Results: The weight of the major omentum (on average 0.6 kg) correlated significantly with total VAT mass estimated by computerized tomography or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (r = 0.48-0.7; P < .01). Omental weight in relation to total body fat correlated with several features of the metabolic syndrome and inversely with serum-leptin (P < .001). Mean adipocyte size and total adipocyte number correlated strongly with omental weight (r = 0.6-0.8; P < .0001), irrespective of body mass index and total body fat mass, and accounted almost in total for interindividual variations in omental size. However, stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that adipocyte number was significantly (P < .0001) more important (62%) than adipocyte size (35%). Conclusion: The size of the major omentum is representative for VAT mass and correlates with a pernicious metabolic profile. Variations in omental weight are primarily determined by adipocyte number and to a lesser degree by adipocyte size, suggesting that increased VAT mass in obesity is predominantly dependent on adipocyte proliferation.

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Ethnic and sex differences in visceral, subcutaneous, and total body fat in children and adolescents

Obesity ◽

10.1002/oby.20210 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 1251-1255 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

A. E. Staiano ◽

S. T. Broyles ◽

A. K. Gupta ◽

P. T. Katzmarzyk

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Body Fat ◽

Total Body Fat ◽

Total Body

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Total body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution and surrogate markers for health related to adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) in children

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2016-0278 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Magnus Dencker ◽

Anton Danielson ◽

Magnus K. Karlsson ◽

Per Wollmer ◽

Lars B. Andersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽

Fat Body ◽

Community Sample ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Fatty Acid Binding ◽

Total Body Fat ◽

Total Body

AbstractBackground:The aim of the study was to assess possible relationships between adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) and total body fat (TBF), abdominal fat, body fat distribution, aerobic fitness, blood pressure, cardiac dimensions and the increase in body fat over 2 years in a community sample of children.Methods:A cross-sectional study was used in a community sample of 170 (92 boys and 78 girls) children aged 8–11 years. TBF and abdominal fat (AFM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). TBF was also expressed as percentage of total body mass (BF%), and body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Maximal oxygen uptake (VOResults:Partial correlations, with adjustment for sex, between FABP4 vs. ln TBF, ln BF%, ln AFM, AFM/TBF and VOConclusions:Findings from this community-based cohort of young children show that increased body fat and abdominal fat, more abdominal body fat distribution, low fitness, more LVM and increased LA, increased SBP and PP were all associated with increased levels of FABP4. Increase in TBF and abdominal fat over 2 years were also associated with increased levels of FABP4.

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