Simulation of cardiovascular system diseases by including the autonomic nervous system into a minimal model

The control of cardiovascular system by autonomic nervous system using model-based analysis is very useful to predict blood flow and blood pressure at different locations of human body. The regulation of cardiovascular system by autonomic nervous system is a very complex mechanism, so, an experimental-based model analysis may prove very helpful in studying and analysing its working properly. In this article, a very basic model of cardiovascular system is presented with blood pressure dynamics studied throughout the body. A new bond graph model of the autonomic nervous system embedded with baroreflex system is also presented. Autonomic regulation of ventricular contractility is represented by means of transfer functions. The results in terms of maximum ventricular elastance ([Formula: see text]) and end systolic pressure are shown for two experiments. Another alternative modelling approach to represent the function of nervous system action in blood pressure regulation in terms of an overwhelming controller has been proposed. This controller overwhelms the system properties and therefore helps in managing the unmodelled parts or properties of a system and makes it impeccable for controlling complex systems. All the results and simulations are obtained using Symbols Shakti® software (Bond graph software).

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Cardiovascular System Aboriginal and Send the Female Cardiovascular System Aboriginal and Migrant Female Population of the North of Russia: Models and Age Dynamics

Journal of New Medical Technologies ◽

10.12737/11833 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

Соколова ◽

A. Sokolova ◽

Еськов ◽

Valeriy Eskov ◽

Филатова ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Age Groups ◽

Migrant Population ◽

Female Population ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

The North ◽

Prolongation Of Life ◽

The Russian Federation

Pathology of the cardiovascular system significantly affects the operational period, and improvement in cardiovascular system always and definitely can provide the prolongation of life. So the study of differences in life expectancy between aboriginal and migrant female population living in the North of the Russian Federation is based on the state of the cardiovascular system. To study the dynamics of the parameters of the autonomic nervous system in female population of Ugra - Ob of the North of Russia, the authors used the method of cardiorythm registration. It is defined that parasympathetic division (parameter SIM) dominates over the sympathetic division (parameter PAR) of the autonomic nervous system in the youngest age group of women. The authors found diametrically opposite dynamics of PAR in two age groups: migrant population has a high initial value at a young age (12.5.a.u.) in comparison with the natives (10,6 a.u. source). However, in older age, these differences remain (7,84 a.u. and 6,87 a.u. respectively). Description of the dynamics of increase of the sympathetic and downs parasympathetic effect was produced in the framework of the model of Verhulst-Pearl, i.e., systems with saturation. However, the parameters of RR-intervals in the migrant population have a parabolic dependence.

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Pulse Transit Time in the Analysis of Autonomic Nervous System Effects on the Cardiovascular System

Psychophysiology ◽

10.1111/j.1469-8986.1980.tb00136.x ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 202-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Theodore Weiss ◽

Alberto Del Bo ◽

Nathaniel Reichek ◽

Karl Engelman

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Transit Time ◽

Pulse Transit Time ◽

Autonomic Nervous

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DURING THE PHYSICAL LOAD IN PERSONS WITH DIFFERENT BODY MASS

Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії ◽

10.31718/2077-1096.20.2.108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 108-113

Author(s):

Kh. Boryak

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Body Mass ◽

Vascular System ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Normal Body

The rapid increase in the number of overweight and obese individuals poses a significant threat to the health of the world's population of all ages. Obesity is able to induce a condition of chronic low-intensity inflammation underlying the number of diseases, and, in particular, the diseases of the cardiovascular system. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the response of the cardiovascular system and the state of autonomic nervous system to graduated physical exercises in young adults with normal body weight and overweight. Anthropometric measurements of 84 individuals of both sexes aged 18-25 years were carried out. According to the body mass index (BMI), the following groups were defined: control group of 22 individuals (BMI 18,50-24,99 kg/m2), group with overweight individuals (n=20) of both sexes (BMI 25,00-29,99 kg/m2). The condition of the cardio-vascular system was evaluated by heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure; the status of autonomic nervous system was assessed by the Kerdo index. Indicators were evaluated before and immediately after the graduated exercise test. Data obtained were processed statistically. According to the results of the study, the normotоnic type by its response to the physical exercise was found out in both study groups, but the overweight individuals of both sexes demonstrated the cardiovascular indicators were significantly higher compared to the control group. Having finished the physical exercise tests, overweight men and women showed marked sympathicotonia (≥ + 31). The Kerdo᾿s index in 29,65% of male and in 19,01% of female individuals was higher than in the individuals with normal body mass (p <0.05). It can be concluded that the dominance of sympathetic influences is characteristic for overweight individuals after physical activity. Correlation between anthropometric, cardiovascular and Kerdo᾿s index immediately following the physical exertion in overweight individuals indicate impaired autonomic nervous system balance restoration.

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The Research of Railway Noise through Auditory Experiments Focused on the Autonomic Nervous System and Cardiovascular System

Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering ◽

10.5050/ksnve.2016.26.6.674 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (6_spc) ◽

pp. 674-679

Author(s):

Jae Kwan Lee ◽

Eun Sun Yoon ◽

Chae Mi Jang ◽

Sae Young Jae ◽

Seo-Il Chang

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Railway Noise

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Cardiovascular Consequences of a Mutant Thyroid Hormone Receptor α1

European Endocrinology ◽

10.17925/ee.2010.06.02.51 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jens Mittag ◽

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Hormone Receptor ◽

Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽

Cardiac Activity ◽

Autonomic Nervous

Thyroid hormone has long been known for its profound direct effects on the cardiovascular system, but its interactions with the autonomic nervous system controlling cardiac activity still remain enigmatic. Recently, mice heterozygous for a mutant thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1+/m) have been generated and their analysis has provided new insights into the actions of thyroid hormone on the cardiovascular system. The mutant TRα1 caused many symptoms resembling hypothyroidism, such as bradycardia, as well as reduced contraction and delayed relaxation time of isolated cardiomyocytes. While no abnormalities were detected in the autonomic regulation of the basal heart rate using pharmacological denervation, an impaired adjustment of the autonomic nervous system could be observed in TRα1+/m mice on activity, stress or increased temperature. The results thus confirm the important role of TRα1 in maintaining the intrinsic properties of the heart and demonstrate a novel role for TRα1 in the adaptations of the autonomic nervous system controlling the heart rate under non-baseline conditions.

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Cardiovascular Consequences of a Mutant Thyroid Hormone Receptor α1

US Endocrinology ◽

10.17925/use.2011.07.01.55 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 07 (01) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Jens Mittag ◽

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Hormone Receptor ◽

Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽

Cardiac Activity ◽

Autonomic Nervous

Thyroid hormone has long been known for its profound direct effects on the cardiovascular system, but its interactions with the autonomic nervous system controlling cardiac activity still remain enigmatic. Recently, mice heterozygous for a mutant thyroid hormone receptor 〈1 (TR〈1+/m) have been generated and their analysis has provided new insights into the actions of thyroid hormone on the cardiovascular system. The mutant TR〈1 caused many symptoms resembling hypothyroidism, such as bradycardia, as well as reduced contraction and delayed relaxation time of isolated cardiomyocytes. While no abnormalities were detected in the autonomic regulation of the basal heart rate using pharmacologic denervation, an impaired adjustment of the autonomic nervous system could be observed in TR〈1+/m mice on activity, stress, or increased temperature. The results thus confirm the important role of TR〈1 in maintaining the intrinsic properties of the heart and demonstrate a novel role for TR〈1 in the adaptations of the autonomic nervous system controlling the heart rate under non-baseline conditions.

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