Clinical Features of Stroke

Stroke is a clinical condition that causes neurological dysfunction due to focal infarction or haemorrhage in the brain, spinal cord, or retina. These clinical features may take 24 hours or more and result in death. Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death. With the prolongation of life in societies, stroke and stroke-related risk factors become more and more important. Age, gender, race, heredity, ethnicity, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, transient ischemic attack, and physical inactivity are risk factors of stroke. Signs and symptoms of stroke vary according to occluded vessel. Mental dysfunction, speech and language disorders, motor and sensory impairment may occur as a result of stroke.

„PACIJENTOVO PISMO“ KAO PRAVNI OSNOV ZA PRIMENU PASIVNE EUTANAZIJE

The subject of the paper is the relationship between the duties of physicians and other medical professionals towards the dying patient (as a provider of medical services) and the patient's right to personal choice and preservation of his own right to self-determination in relation to body and life, which is a special subjective civil right. The author discusses the legal-medical (but also ethical) issue of the patient's ability to freely decide not to agree to a medical measure of artificial prolongation of life or suspension of already started measures. The issue is examining the limits of the so-called permissibility of “passive euthanasia”, which is indirectly recognized in domestic law by the Law on Patients' Rights and the legal basis for its application in one particular modality, the so-called "Patient letter" (living will) which is an established legal instrument in some foreign legislation and practice. Analyzing the experience of some foreign countries, the author supports the introduction of such an institute - as a kind of anticipated directives in domestic law, referring to the patient's constitutional right to self-determination, which embodies the supreme good, even more valuable than (unwanted) life. Such a solution is in line with the principle of human will autonomy, freedom to dispose of life as a personal good, and potentially a reflection of the so-called "the right to die", which is the reverse of the right to life

Health Promotion for Older Population in Japan: Importance of Preventive Care and Successful Assisted Living

Japan will face a super-aged society in the near future, in which 40% of the population will be over 65 years of age. However, prolongation of life expectancy is inevitably associated with greater numbers of frail old people who need help or assistance in their daily activities. The percentage of the old-old population in 2020, comprising more frail people compared with the young-old population, exceeded 14% of the total population in Japan. In such a situation, many older Japanese wish to be healthy for their entire life and continue to live in their hometown with a sense of security until the end of their life. Under such circumstances, we should establish a society in which old people can enjoy a healthy, satisfying life through social participation and contribution. In this review article, we discuss about the importance of preventive care and successful assisted living in health promotion policy for older population in Japan, a superaged country.

Russian cosmism and transhumanism in the polemic between anthropological voluntarism and providentialism

Comprehension of the finitude of individual existence entails the need to find the answer to question of overcoming death, a salvation path that would allow pass through the abyss of nonexistence. Solution to this question implies various forms of immortality: naturalistic, theological, technocratic, creative, sensually-transcendental, etc. Prolongation of life and gaining immortality has become a central problem of such philosophical movements as Russian cosmism and modern transhumanism, which view the victory over death as the project and purpose of mankind. The object of this research is the ethical content and key ideas of the philosophy of Russian cosmism and modern transhumanism. The subject is the origins and evolution of transhumanist worldview in its genetic link with the ideas of cosmic philosophy. This article aims to analyze the methods and means of how a human can improve and obtain immortality, which are advanced by transhumanists, and juxtapose them with the ideas of Russian cosmist philosophers. The conclusion is made that the central idea of cosmism and transhumanism, which lies in overcoming the finitude of human existence, does not find its global humanistic realization: both concepts offer partial and unnatural solutions (autotrophy, resurrection, cyborgization). Emphasis is placed on solution of the problem of immortality in the Christian anthropology in spiritual-moral ethical-philosophical context

Self-preservation and the Transformation of Nature

Garber demonstrates the shortcomings of a popular and idealised version of Baconian scientific method set against his close reading of Bacon’s Novum Organum II. The results of Garber’s analysis show that Bacon had not one but two philosophies, both of which were informed by his matter theory and speculative cosmology. This paper draws out the implications of Garber’s reading of Baconian induction in physics transferred to the natural sciences, and draws attention to the ultimate aim of Bacon’s philosophical programme as the prolongation of life.

THE FUTURE OF MORAL THEORIES: REFLECTING ON TORBJÖRN TÄNNSJÖ’S BOOK “SETTING HEALTH-CARE PRIORITIES”

Torbjörn Tännsjö’s monograph “Setting Health-Care Priorities” clearly demonstrates its position in finest details involving case studies. It seems to be an especially valuable assistance, not least for study purposes, for those who are interested in a comprehensive review of plausible moral theories and the practice of fair resource distribution in the field of healthcare. The author’s approach suggests engagement of the most applicable moral theories attempting to solve the important problem of sharing scarce and deficit resources in the healthcare. The book doesn’t aim for developing a single correct and effective moral theory for fair resource sharing, it rather discusses reaching a consensus regarding distribution decisions based on thoroughly reviewed theories. The appeal to Population Ethics in the present paper emphasizes the difference between patient-centered approach in the situation of limited medical resources and distribution of resources among the population in general. The book represents author’s views towards the open problems in bioethics: prolongation of life of terminal patients; “right-to-die” (euthanasia); moral side of the assisted reproductive technologies; futile medical treatment; attitude towards abortion, etc.

Concept of Rasayana Therapy in Covid 19

An Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine. The primary purpose of Ayurveda is to maintain the health of healthy individuals and cure the disease of the diseased one. 'Rasayanchikitsa’ plays a vital role in keeping the health of an individual. Rasayanchikitsa also plays an essential role in infectious disease which spreads directly or indirectly from man to man, animal to animal or from the environment to animal or man. Rasayana promotes physical health, improve dhatus (tissues), acts as immunomodulation and rejuvenate the system. Rasayana, by its name, means obtaining good qualities of rasa & nourishing the rasadidhatus(tissues). The excellent quality of rasa directly governs the state of health of individuals. Rasayana therapy deals with the delaying process of ageing, prolongation of life and curing the disease. Acharya Sushruta says, "for better results, Rasayan therapy should be done after Panchakarma procedures like Vaman, Virechan and Basti depending on the individual's Vata, pitta and Kapha predominance. Strength, improving complexion, prolongation of life, energy, enhancing memory, immunity booster, etc. is obtained from Rasayan therapy. Rasayan drugs help by modulating the neuro-endocrine-immune system and also a rich source of antioxidants. Review of the role of rasayan in the prevention of new infectious disease like Covid 19.

Death and Dying

There have been major advances in care of dying patients, and screenwriters, like physicians, have grappled with quality-of-life concerns, artificial prolongation of life, and active assistance in death. Palliation and active euthanasia have been constant, side-by-side considerations in the history of medicine. Assisted death, euthanasia, and self-determination in how to end life have been interests for film directors, and this chapter places these films in context. In real life death is dignified and peaceful, whereas in the movies death from disease is often agonizing and not easily over. In the movies, the sick seldom leave earthly existence in a convincing way.