Weathering processes in Arctic oil spills: Meso-scale experiments with different ice conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Johan Brandvik ◽  
Liv-Guri Faksness
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Meso Scale

Morice – New Technology for Effective Oil Recovery in Ice

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 821-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph V. Mullin ◽  
Hans V. Jensen ◽  
Walter Cox
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Broken Ice ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
National Effort ◽  
Meso Scale ◽  
Mechanical Recovery

ABSTRACT The overall objective of the Mechanical Oil Recovery in Ice Infested Waters (MORICE) program is to improve the effectiveness of equipment and techniques for the mechanical recovery of oil spills in ice-infested waters. MORICE is a multi-national effort that has involved Norwegian, Canadian, American and German researchers. Results from previous laboratory, meso-scale phases have been summarized (Johannessen et al, 1996, 1998), (Jensen et al., 1999), (Jensen & Solsberg, 2000, 2001). In January 2002, the full-scale proof of concepts with two different internal recovery units were successfully tested and evaluated at Ohmsett – The National Oil Spill Response Test Facility located in Leonardo, New Jersey (Jensen & Mullin, 2002). Results of the Ohmsett tests are presented along with recommendations for developing a commercialized skimmer that will effectively operate in broken ice conditions.

Modeling of oil spills in ice conditions in the Gulf of finland on the basis of an operative forecasting system

Oceanology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Stanovoy ◽  
T. R. Eremina ◽  
A. V. Isaev ◽  
I. A. Neelov ◽  
R. E. Vankevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

HERDING AGENTS THICKEN OIL SPILLS IN DRIFT ICE TO FACILITATE IN SITU BURNING: A NEW TRICK FOR AN OLD DOG1

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 673-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Buist ◽  
Tim Nedwed ◽  
Joe Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Ice Coverage ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Ice Conditions

ABSTRACT In situ burning is an oil spill response option particularly suited to remote ice-covered waters. The key to effective in situ burning is thick oil slicks. In loose drift ice conditions oil spills can rapidly spread to become too thin to ignite. Fire booms can collect and keep slicks thick in open water; however, even light ice conditions make using booms challenging. A multi-year joint industry project was initiated to study oil-herding agents as an alternative to booms for thickening slicks in light ice conditions for in situ burning. Small-scale laboratory experiments were completed in 2004 and 2005 to examine the concept of using herding agents to thicken oil slicks among loose pack ice for the purpose of in situ burning. Encouraging results prompted further mid-scale testing at the US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), the Ohmsett facility, and the Fire Training Grounds in Prudhoe Bay, AK. The non-proprietary cold-water herder formulation used in these experiments proved effective in significantly contracting oil slicks in brash and slush ice concentrations of up to 70% ice coverage. Slicks in excess of 3 mm thick, the minimum required for ignition of weathered crude oil on water, were routinely achieved. Herded slicks were ignited, and burned equally well in both brash and slush ice conditions at air temperatures as low as −17°C. The burn efficiencies measured for the herded slicks were only slightly less than the theoretical maximums achievable for equivalent-sized, mechanically contained slicks on open water.

Modelling the behaviour of oil spills in natural waters

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Luk ◽  
H. F. Kuan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Transport And Mixing ◽  
Spilled Oil ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Petroleum Oil

This paper is a state-of-the-art review of the formulations for the different processes responsible for the transport and mixing of petroleum oil spilled in natural waters. Processes accounting for the transfer and loss of the surface oil, such as initial spreading, evaporation, dissolution, emulsification, dispersion, photo-oxidation, and sedimentation, are included. Based on the findings, a dynamic mathematical model describing the fate of spilled oil was developed. To reflect field observations, the surface oil composition in the model is allowed to vary with time as a result of weathering. Initial results for model testing are presented. Key words: oil spill, mathematical model, fate model, weathering processes.

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON WEATHERING IN THE SUBARCTIC MARINE ENVIRONMENT1

1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (1) ◽  
pp. 423-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Payne ◽  
Bruce E. Kirstein ◽  
G. Daniel McNabb ◽  
James L. Lambach ◽  
Celso de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Outer Continental Shelf ◽  
Weathering Processes

ABSTRACT When crude oil or petroleum products are released to the marine environment, immediate alterations in chemical and physical properties occur as a result of a variety of weathering processes. A three-year oil weathering study of Prudhoe Bay crude oil has been completed under ambient subarctic conditions at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's lower Cook Inlet field laboratory in Kasitsna Bay, Alaska. Quantitative data from outdoor wave-tank and flow-through aquaria systems were collected on seasonal and time-series measurements of compositional changes in the oil and water column due to evaporation, dissolution, and water-in-oil emulsification, as well as alterations in rheological properties of the slick. These data are used for mathematical model development and verification of computer-predicted oil weathering behavior from a variety of spill scenarios. The oil-weathering mathematical models developed in this program are based on measured physical properties data, and they generate material balances for both specific compounds and pseudo-compounds (distillation cuts) in crude oil. These models are applicable to open-ocean oil spills, spills in estuaries and lagoons where the water column is finite, and spills on land. The oil weathering processes included in the mathematical model are evaporation, dispersion of oil into the water column, dissolution, water-in-oil emulsification (mousse formation), and oil slick spreading. In most cases, very good agreement is obtained between predicted and observed weathering behavior. The material balance and weathered-oil composition predictions generated as a function of time have been very useful in providing information for contingency planning, estimating potential damage assessments and preparing environmental impact reports for outer continental shelf drilling activities.

NEW IMO/EPPR GUIDES TO ARCTIC OIL SPILL RESPONSE – STRATEGIC AND OPERATIONAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 1182-1193
Author(s):  
E. H. Owens ◽  
D. F. Dickins ◽  
L. B. Solsberg ◽  
O-K. Bjerkemo
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Field Guide ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Snow And Ice

ABSTRACT In 2015 and 2016, two complementary projects produced both a new strategic guide (in two versions) and an updated operationally oriented guide to assist managers, regulators and responders in responding effectively to oil spills in snow and ice conditions. The objective of the first initiative, which began as a Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) project, a “Guide to Oil Spill Response in Snow and Ice Conditions”, was to identify and describe the strategic aspects of planning and operations. This program gained a separate phase through the Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response (EPPR) working group of the Arctic Council to adapt the Guide specifically for Arctic waters. The second initiative by EPPR was to update the 1998 “Field Guide for Oil Spill Response in Arctic Waters” while retaining the original operational focus. The 2016 version of the Field Guide incorporates major revisions and updates to sections on strategies and countermeasures, for example the use of herders and burning, dispersants in ice and specialized brush skimmers as well as advances in remote sensing and tracking. In addition, new sections address important topics such as Health and Human Safety, Logistics and Wildlife Response. The overall goal was to produce two complementary documents that provide a broad base of essential information to key decision-makers and responders at both the strategic planning level and at the field tactics and operations level. These two projects bring together a wide range of new knowledge generated over the past two decades that make many previous manuals and documents out of date. With such a vast amount of recent literature, the new strategic guide and the operational field guide update can only provide a brief summary of the new material but are valuable tools to indicate where the more detailed documents can be found.

scholarly journals An Operational Marine Oil Spill Forecasting Tool for the Management of Emergencies in the Italian Seas

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Ribotti ◽  
Fabio Antognarelli ◽  
Andrea Cucco ◽  
Marcello Falcieri ◽  
Leopoldo Fazioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Oil Platforms ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Set Up

Oil extraction platforms are potential sources of oil spills. For this reason, an oil spill forecasting system was set up to support the management of emergencies from the oil fields in the Italian seas. The system provides ready-to-use products to the relevant response agencies and optimizes the anti-pollution resources by assessing hazards and risks related to this issue. The forecasting system covers seven working oil platforms in the Sicily Channel and middle/low Adriatic Sea. It is composed of a numerical chain involving nested ocean models from regional to coastal spatial scales and an oil spill model. The system provides two online services, one automatic and a second dedicated to possible real emergencies or exercises on risk preparedness and responding. The automatic service produces daily short-term simulations of hypothetical oil spill dispersion, transport, and weathering processes from each extraction platform. Products, i.e., risk maps, animations, and a properly called bulletin, are available on a dedicated web-portal. The hazard estimations are computed by performing geo-statistical analysis on the daily forecasts database. The second service is activated in near-real-time producing oil spill simulations for the following 48 h.

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