scholarly journals Changes of explicitly and implicitly measured self-esteem in the treatment of major depression: Evidence for implicit self-esteem compensation

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Wegener ◽  
Franziska Geiser ◽  
Susanne Alfter ◽  
Jan Mierke ◽  
Katrin Imbierowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Implicitly Measured

Explicit self-esteem mediates the relationship between implicit self-esteem and memory biases in major depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 336-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Romero ◽  
Alvaro Sanchez ◽  
Carmelo Vázquez ◽  
Carmen Valiente
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Memory Biases ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Female Gender and Acne Disease Are Jointly and Independently Associated with the Risk of Major Depression and Suicide: A National Population-Based Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chien Yang ◽  
Hung-Pin Tu ◽  
Chien-Hui Hong ◽  
Wei-Chao Chang ◽  
Hung-Chun Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Additive Risk ◽  
And Gender

Acne is a common disease in adolescence with female preponderance. It could cause poor self-esteem and social phobia. Previous studies based on questionnaires from several thousands of adolescents showed that acne is associated with major depression and suicide. However, the gender- and age-specific risk of depression and suicide in patients with acne remain largely unknown. Using a database from the National Health Insurance, which included 98% of the population of Taiwan in 2006, we identified patients of acne, major depression, and suicide based on ICD-9-CM codes. Totally 47111 patients with acne were identified (16568 males and 30543 females) from 1 million subjects. The youths of 7–12 years had the highest prevalence of acne (14.39%). Major depression was more common in those with acne (0.77%) than controls (0.56% ,P< 0.0001) regardless of gender. Multiple logistic regression showed an increased risk of major depression in women without acne (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.75–1.96). The risk is additive in women with acne (OR = 2.78, 95% CI 2.43–3.17). Similar additive risk of suicide was noticed in women with acne. In conclusion, acne and gender, independently and jointly, are associated with major depression and suicide. Special medical support should be warranted in females with acne for the risk of major depression and suicide.

scholarly journals The intra-day dynamics of affect, self-esteem, tiredness, and suicidality in Major Depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 98-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eimear Crowe ◽  
Michael Daly ◽  
Liam Delaney ◽  
Susan Carroll ◽  
Kevin M. Malone
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Self Esteem

scholarly journals The Associations of Common Psychological Problems With Mental Disorders Among College Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pim Cuijpers ◽  
Filip Smit ◽  
Pauline Aalten ◽  
Neeltje Batelaan ◽  
Anke Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
The Impact

Psychological problems like procrastination, perfectionism, low self-esteem, test anxiety and stress are common among college students. There are evidence-based interventions available for these problems that not only have direct effects on these problems, but also indirect effects on mental disorders such as depression and anxiety disorders. Targeting these psychological problems may offer new opportunities to prevent and treat mental disorders in a way that is less stigmatizing to students. In this study we examined the association of five psychological problems with five common mental disorders (panic, generalized anxiety, bipolar, major depressive, and substance use disorder) in a sample of 2,449 students from two Dutch universities. Psychological problems were measured with one item for each problem and mental disorders were measured with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Screening Scales. Associations were examined with Poisson regression models as relative risks (RR) of the disorders as a function of the psychological problems. The population attributable fraction (PAF) indicates by what percentage the prevalence of the mental disorder would be reduced if the psychological problem was addressed successfully by an intervention. Especially generalized anxiety disorder was strongly associated with psychological problems (strong associations with stress and low self-esteem and moderately with test anxiety). The group with three or more psychological problems had a strongly increased risk for generalized anxiety (RR = 11.25; 95% CI: 7.51–16.85), and a moderately increase risk for major depression (RR = 3.22; 95% CI: 2.63–3.95), panic disorder (RR = 3.19; 95% CI: 1.96–5.20) and bipolar disorder (RR = 3.66; 95% CI: 2.40–5.58). The PAFs for having any of the psychological problems (one or more) were considerable, especially for generalized anxiety (60.8%), but also for panic disorder (35.1%), bipolar disorder (30.6%) and major depression (34.0%). We conclude that common psychological problems are associated with mental disorders and with each other. After adjustment, psychological problems are associated with different patterns of mental disorders. If the impact of the psychological problems could be taken away, the prevalence of several mental disorders would be reduced considerably. The psychological problems may provide a promising target to indirectly prevent and intervene in psychopathology in hard to reach college students with mental disorders.

scholarly journals How high is the prevalence of depression in old age?

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Snowdon
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Clinical Interventions ◽  
Environmental Initiatives ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Age Studies

Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in late life - in Brazil and around the world. Some experts have argued that depression is less common in old age, quoting studies that show a lower prevalence of major depression in late life. Results from cross-age studies have been remarkably inconsistent, both regarding which age-group has the peak rate and regarding actual rates. A majority of surveys of the prevalence of depressive conditions in old age (not just major depression), warranting clinical interventions, report it to be over 10%. Physical ill-health is the most significant associated factor, but it may distract doctors from recognising depression. Clinical interventions for late life depression are worthwhile. It is recommended that funding be allocated to training in assessment and management, environmental initiatives to counter feelings of helplessness and lowered self-esteem, and research.

scholarly journals Effects of cognitive therapy on psychological symptoms and social functioning in residual depression

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Scott ◽  
John D. Teasdale ◽  
Eugene S. Paykel ◽  
Anthony L. Johnson ◽  
R. Abbott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
To Receive

BackgroundAbout 30% of psychiatric out-patients with major depression demonstrate partial remission.AimsTo explore whether the addition of cognitive therapy (CT) had any differential effect on residual symptoms or social adjustment.MethodPatients with residual symptoms of major depression (n=158) were randomised to receive clinical management (CM) alone, or CM plus 18 sessions of CT. Subjects' depressive symptoms and social functioning were assessed regularly over 16 months.ResultsThe addition of CT produced statistically significant differential effects on: two out of four measures of overall severity of depression; specific psychological symptoms (guilt, self-esteem and hopelessness); and social functioning (including dependency, interpersonal behaviour and friction).ConclusionsIn patients showing only partial response to antidepressants, the addition of CT produced modest improvements in social and psychological functioning. The implications for research on the mechanisms of action of CT are discussed.

Change in self-esteem predicts depressive symptoms at follow-up after intensive multimodal psychotherapy for major depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1040-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Dinger ◽  
Johannes C. Ehrenthal ◽  
Christoph Nikendei ◽  
Henning Schauenburg
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Self Esteem

Neuroticism and self-esteem as indices of the vulnerability to major depression in women

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1101-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
SETH B. ROBERTS ◽  
KENNETH S. KENDLER
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

Background. Neuroticism and self-esteem, two commonly used personality constructs, are thought to reflect a person's underlying vulnerability to major depression. The relative strength of these predictors is not known.Method. Information was gathered on 2163 individual women from an epidemiological sample of female–female twin pairs. Neuroticism was assessed by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and global self-esteem by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Major depression (DSM-III-R criteria) and stressful life events were also assessed. The personality constructs were studied in relation to major depression by logistic regression and structural equation modelling.Results. Both cross-sectionally and prospectively, examined individually, neuroticism was a stronger predictor of risk for major depression than was self-esteem. When examined together, the predictive power of neuroticism remained substantial, while that of self-esteem largely disappeared. The same pattern of findings was obtained when a subset of subjects who had recently experienced stressful life events was analysed. By trivariate twin modelling, we found that the covariation of self-esteem, neuroticism and major depression was due largely to genetic factors. When self-esteem was the ‘upstream’ variable, a substantial genetic correlation remained between neuroticism and major depression. By contrast, when neuroticism was the ‘upstream’ variable, the genetic correlation between self-esteem and major depression disappeared.Conclusions. The personality construct of neuroticism is a substantially better index of a woman's underlying vulnerability to major depression than is self-esteem. These findings suggest that overall emotionality or emotional reactivity to the environment reflects risk for depression better than does global self-concept.

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