Predicting maize yield in a multiple species competition with Xanthium strumarium and Amaranthus retroflexus: Comparing of approaches to modeling herbicide performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oveisi ◽  
H. Rahimian Mashhadi ◽  
A.R. Yousefi ◽  
H. Alizade ◽  
M.A. Baghestani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maize Yield ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Species Competition ◽  
Multiple Species

scholarly journals Weed control in bean and green bean crops

Biljni lekar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-814
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Savić ◽  
Sanja Đurović ◽  
Srđan Stevanović ◽  
Milan Ugrinović
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Yields

Phaseolus vulgaris (beans; green beans) as a food of high nutritional value occupies an important place in the human diet. In addition to all the basic growing conditions, one of the key requirements for achieving high yields is successful weed control. Weeds such as Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Datura stramonium, Abutilon theophrasti, Xanthium strumarium, Cirsium arvense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Sorghum halepense and others appear as the most dominant species in our agroecological conditions. The application of the concept of integrated weed control implies the application of all available measures (crop rotation, proper and timely tillage, application of herbicides, etc.). Although there is a wider range of registered herbicides for weed control in beans and green beans in the world, preparations based on active substances: clethodim, quizalofop-P-tefuril, imazamox and bentazone have been registered in Serbia.

scholarly journals Siirt İlinde Sebze Alanlarında Görülen Yabancı Otlar

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-504
Author(s):  
Mesut SIRRI ◽  
Cumali ÖZASLAN
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Heliotropium Europaeum

Sebzeler taze olarak da tüketildiğinden hem zehirli yabancı otlarla karışık olmaması hem de pestisit kalıntısı içermemesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle sebze alanlarında görülen yabancı otların belirlenmesi hem insan sağlığı hem de yabancı ot kontrolü yönüyle büyük önem taşımaktadır. Uygun iklim koşullarının da bir sonucu olarak Siirt ilinde sebze üretim alanları sürekli artmaktadır. Ancak yörede sebzede sorun olan yabancı otların saptanmasına yönelik olarak daha önce herhangi bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu nedenle Siirt ilinde toplam 40 tarlada sürvey çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sürveylerde sebze ekim alanlarında sorun olan yabancı ot türleri ve bunların rastlanma sıklıkları ile yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmayla çalışma alanında 20 familyaya ait 52 farklı yabancı ot türü tespit edilmiştir. Saptanan yabancı otlardan 3’ünün tam parazitik ve 11’inin dar yapraklı olduğu diğerlerinin ise geniş yapraklı oldukları saptanmıştır. Dar yapraklı yabancı otlardan en fazla rastlanan ve en fazla yoğunluk oluşturan türlerin; Sorghum halepense (%67,5), Echinocloa crus-galli (%22,50) ve Cynodon dactylon (%17,5) olduğu saptanmıştır. Bölgede en fazla görülen ve yoğunluk oluşturan geniş yapraklı yabancı otların ise; Portulaca oleracea (%92,0), Amaranthus retroflexus (%82,0), Chrozophora tinctoria (%82,0), Alhagi pseudalhagi (%77,0), Solanum nigrum (%72,0), Heliotropium europaeum (%70,0), Amaranthus albus (%67,0), Xanthium strumarium (%65,0) ve Convolvulus arvensis (%57,5) olduğu belirlenmiştir.

scholarly journals Influence of Adjuvants on Efficacy of Imazapic and 2,4-DB

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Organosilicone Surfactant

Abstract Adjuvants can have a major influence on efficacy of postemergence herbicides. Imazapic and 2,4-DB are applied postemergence in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to control a variety of weeds. Determining how adjuvants influence efficacy of these herbicides could lead to more efficient weed management. Field experiments were conducted during 1997 and 1998 to determine the influence of nonionic surfactant, crop oil concentrate, organosilicone surfactant, and a blend of organosilicone surfactant and methylated seed oil on efficacy of imazapic and 2,4-DB. No-adjuvant and nontreated controls were also included. Adjuvants did not increase redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) or common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) control by imazapic. Only minor differences in control of eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.), entireleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula Gray), and pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) by imazapic were noted among adjuvants. Sicklepod [Senna obtusifolia (L.) Erwin and Barneby] and pitted morningglory control increased when 2,4-DB was applied with adjuvants. Common cocklebur control was improved in one of three experiments when adjuvants were applied with 2,4-DB. Redroot pigweed and entireleaf morningglory control by 2,4-DB was not affected by adjuvants.

scholarly journals Mesotrione: A new herbicide for use in maize

Pesticidi ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Elezovic ◽  
Milan Stevic ◽  
Katarina Jovanovic-Radovanov
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Lepidium Draba

In 2000 and 2001 field trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide mesotrione in maize. The experiments were established in Zemun Polje and Smederevska Palanka, according to EPPO/OEPP standard methods. Trade formulation Callisto (a.i. mesotrione 480 g/L) used as a experimental sample in two doses 0.15 L/ha and 0.25 L/ha for pre-em, and 0.15 L/ha adjuvant; 0.25 L/ha + adjuvant and 0.25 L/ha alone for foliar application. The most sensitive weed species were: Adonis aestivalis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Cirsium arvense, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hibridum Lepidium draba, Brassica nigra, Datura stramonium, Kickia spuria, Polygonum lapathifolium, Sinapis arvensis, Solanum nigrum, Stachys annua i Xanthium strumarium.

scholarly journals Dependence of soybean weed infestation on growing conditions in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
R. Hutianskyi ◽  
S. Popov ◽  
V. Zuza ◽  
N. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Setaria Glauca

Goal. To establish the species composition of weeds, their dominant role and determine the type and level of weediness of soybean crops for cultivation in a fixed nine-course stationary, fallow-crop-row rotation and in monoculture in the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted by route surveys in field experiments. Results. According to the research of 2011—2017, 30 species of weeds and contaminants were found in soybean crops after winter wheat as forecrop in the stationary crop rotation (spring early and late were 60%, winter and biennial were 17%, perennial were 23%), and 18 species (spring early and late were 72%, wintering and biennial were 6%, perennial were 22%) were found for cultivation in monoculture. They belonged to 16 families, the families Asteraceae (9 species), Poaceae (5 species) and Polygonaceae (5 species) were the most represented. The main weeds in soybean crops in crop rotation and monoculture were Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Roem. et Schult., Chenopodium album L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. and Panicum miliaceum L. In addition to these weeds for growing soybeans in crop rotation were present Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Solanum nigrum L., Polygonum lapathifolium L., Sonchus arvensis L., Convolvulus arvensis L., and in monoculture were Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Xanthium strumarium L. Xanthium strumarium L. was the most dominant in the monoculture (43%), and Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv was subdominant in crop rotation (57%), and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Roem. and Schult. was subdominant in monoculture (57%). Six complex types of weeds were formed in soybean crops, cereal-dicotyledonous-dicotyledonous-root-sprouting and dicotyledonous-grass-annual-grass-root-sprouting prevailed. For cultivation in crop rotation cereal annual species predominated, and dicotyledonous annuals predominated in monoculture. At the same time, the monoculture had a higher level of weeding than crop rotation, or it was equivalent. Conclusions. The species composition of weeds in soybean crops in fallow-crop-row rotation and monoculture differs significantly, which should be taken into account by the agronomic service of farms when developing methods of their control.

scholarly journals Pre-emergence Weed Control in No-tillage Pumpkin Production

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 971C-971
Author(s):  
S. Alan Walters ◽  
Bryan G. Young ◽  
Ronald F. Krausz
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Tillage System

A field study was conducted in 2002, 2003, and 2004 to evaluate various pre-emergence herbicides (ethafluralin & clomazone, ethafluralin & clomazone + halosulfuron, and ethafluralin & clomazone + imazamox) with or without a winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop in tillage and no-tillage `Appalachian' pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) production. All herbicides were applied within two days of seeding, and no injury was observed with any of the herbicides evaluated at any time during the three growing seasons. Early- and late-season control of all weed species [giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm.), common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis Sauer)] were highly correlated (0.47 ≤ r ≥ 0.86, P ≤ 0.01) with pumpkin yield and fruit size. The winter rye + no-tillage system provided greater weed control compared to the tillage systems and the no cover crop + no-tillage production system. Although winter rye alone had little influence on pumpkin yield, the no-tillage system improved pumpkin yield and fruit size compared to the tillage system. The two herbicide combinations (ethafluralin & clomazone + halosulfuron and ethafluralin & clomazone + imazamox) improved weed control and pumpkin yields compared to only ethafluralin & clomazone. Although this study indicated that the use of a high-residue winter rye cover crop in no-tillage pumpkin production will provide some weed control, the choice of pre-emergence herbicides is critical to maximize pumpkin productivity. No-tillage pumpkin production is feasible with proper herbicide use and timing, although current herbicide options will not provide optimal weed control.

scholarly journals EFIKASNOST KOMBINACIJE MEZOTRIONA I TERBUTILAZINA IZ RAZLIČITIH PREPARATA U USEVU KUKURUZA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Meseldzija ◽  
◽  
Milica Dudic ◽  
Radovan Begovic ◽  
Ivana Marjanovic
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Hibiscus Trionum ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Setaria Glauca ◽  
Set Up

The aim of study was to test the efficacy and phytotoxicity of Calaris pro (326 g kg-1 terbuthylazine+50 g kg-1 mesotrione) and Twister (125 g kg-1 terbuthylazine+50 g kg-1 mesotrione) on weeds in maize crop. The experiment was set up during 2017 at the Kruščić, by a random block system in four repetitions. High efficacy of herbicides was manifested on Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Cirsium arvense, Datura stramonium, Solanum nigrum, Setaria glauca, Hibiscus trionum and Xanthium strumarium, while low efficacy was on Sorghum halepense. The total efficacy for product Calaris pro was 94,16% and for Tvister 96,20%.

Επίδραση της άρδευσης και της χλωρής λίπανσης στη ζιζανιοχλωρίδα

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ανέστης Καρκάνης
Keyword(s):  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Hibiscus Trionum ◽  
Orobanche Ramosa ◽  
Setaria Glauca

Σκοπός της διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν η μελέτη της επίδρασης της άρδευσης και της χλωρής λίπανσης στην ζιζανιοχλωρίδα. Σε πείραμα που πραγματοποιήθηκε σε φυτοδοχεία μελετήθηκε η επίδραση της άρδευσης στην ανάπτυξη και τα φυσιολογικά χαρακτηριστικά των ζιζανίων αγριοβαμβακιάς (Abutilon theophrasti), αγριομελιτζάνας (Xanthium strumarium), στύφνου (Solanum nigrum) και τάτουλα (Datura stramonium). Οι μεγαλύτερες τιμές του ξηρού βάρους, της αγωγιμότητας των στοματίων, του ρυθμού διαπνοής και του ρυθμού φωτοσύνθεσης των ζιζανίων καταγράφηκε σε επαρκώς αρδευόμενα φυτά. Σε πειράματα αγρού μελετήθηκε η ικανότητα ανταγωνισμού του βίκου αλλά και του λειμώνιου τριφυλλιού. Τα πειράματα πραγματοποιήθηκαν τα έτη 2005 και 2006, στον Δομοκό και στον αγρό του εργαστηρίου Γεωργίας. Παρατηρήθηκε ότι ο βίκος είναι πιο ανταγωνιστικός στα ζιζάνια σε σχέση με το λειμώνιο τριφύλλι. Επιπλέον το λειμώνιο τριφύλλι παρουσίασε μεγαλύτερη ικανότητα ανταγωνισμού στην Επαρχία Δομοκού. Επίσης σε πειράματα αγρού μελετήθηκε η επίδραση της χλωρής λίπανσης και των συστημάτων άρδευσης στην ζιζανιοχλωρίδα, σε καλλιέργεια καπνού. Τα πειράματα πραγματοποιήθηκαν τα έτη 2005 και 2006, στον Δομοκό και στον αγρό του εργαστηρίου Γεωργίας. Ακολουθήθηκε το πειραματικό σχέδιο των υποδιαιρεμένων τεμαχίων με 4 επαναλήψεις, δύο κύρια τεμάχια (σύστημα στάγδην άρδευσης και σύστημα καταιονισμού) και τρία υποτεμάχια (βίκος ως χλωρή λίπανση, λειμώνιο τριφύλλι ως χλωρής λίπανση και μάρτυρας (χωρίς λίπανση)). Ο μικρότερος αριθμός και το ξηρό βάρος των ζιζανίων καταγράφηκε στο σύστημα της στάγδην άρδευσης. Επίσης παρατηρήθηκε ότι ενσωμάτωση βιομάζας λειμώνιου τριφυλλιού της τάξης των 400Kg/στρέμμα (ξηρό βάρος) ήταν αρκετή ώστε να περιόρισα το φύτρωμα και την ανάπτυξη των ζιζανίων για χρονικό διάστημα 30 ημερών από την μεταφύτευση. Ακόμη ο μικρότερος αριθμός και ξηρό βάρος της οροβάγχης (Orobanche ramosa) καταγράφηκε στο σύστημα της στάγδην άρδευσης. Επίσης καταγράφηκε θετική συσχέτιση (R²=0.97; p=0.001) μεταξύ της ποσότητας του νερού άρδευσης και του αριθμού των φυτών της οροβάγχης. Ακόμη οι μεγαλύτερες τιμές της αγωγιμότητας των στοματίων, του ρυθμού διαπνοής και του ρυθμού φωτοσύνθεσης των σημαντικότερων ζιζανίων (Amaranthus retroflexus, Solanum nigrum, Convolovulus arvensis, Datura stramonium, Echinochloa crus-galli, Portulaca oleracea, Hibiscus trionum, Setaria glauca) καταγραφηκαν στα τεμάχια όπου έγινε χλωρή λίπανση με βίκο. Επίσης στις περισσότερες μετρήσεις οι μεγαλύτερες τιμές της αγωγιμότητας των στοματίων και του ρυθμού φωτοσύνθεσης καταγράφηκαν στα τεμάχια της στάγδην άρδευσης. Δεν παρατηρήθηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές για την θερμοκρασία των φύλλων των ζιζανίων μεταξύ των συστημάτων άρδευσης. Επιπρόσθετα το τραχύ βλήτο παρουσίασε τους μεγαλύτερους ρυθμούς φωτοσύνθεσης από όλα τα ζιζάνια. Τέλος στην αντράκλα, την σετάρια και την μουχρίτσα καταγράφηκαν οι μικρότερες τιμές της αγωγιμότητας των στοματίων.

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