scholarly journals Siirt İlinde Sebze Alanlarında Görülen Yabancı Otlar

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-504
Author(s):  
Mesut SIRRI ◽  
Cumali ÖZASLAN
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Heliotropium Europaeum

Sebzeler taze olarak da tüketildiğinden hem zehirli yabancı otlarla karışık olmaması hem de pestisit kalıntısı içermemesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle sebze alanlarında görülen yabancı otların belirlenmesi hem insan sağlığı hem de yabancı ot kontrolü yönüyle büyük önem taşımaktadır. Uygun iklim koşullarının da bir sonucu olarak Siirt ilinde sebze üretim alanları sürekli artmaktadır. Ancak yörede sebzede sorun olan yabancı otların saptanmasına yönelik olarak daha önce herhangi bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu nedenle Siirt ilinde toplam 40 tarlada sürvey çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sürveylerde sebze ekim alanlarında sorun olan yabancı ot türleri ve bunların rastlanma sıklıkları ile yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmayla çalışma alanında 20 familyaya ait 52 farklı yabancı ot türü tespit edilmiştir. Saptanan yabancı otlardan 3’ünün tam parazitik ve 11’inin dar yapraklı olduğu diğerlerinin ise geniş yapraklı oldukları saptanmıştır. Dar yapraklı yabancı otlardan en fazla rastlanan ve en fazla yoğunluk oluşturan türlerin; Sorghum halepense (%67,5), Echinocloa crus-galli (%22,50) ve Cynodon dactylon (%17,5) olduğu saptanmıştır. Bölgede en fazla görülen ve yoğunluk oluşturan geniş yapraklı yabancı otların ise; Portulaca oleracea (%92,0), Amaranthus retroflexus (%82,0), Chrozophora tinctoria (%82,0), Alhagi pseudalhagi (%77,0), Solanum nigrum (%72,0), Heliotropium europaeum (%70,0), Amaranthus albus (%67,0), Xanthium strumarium (%65,0) ve Convolvulus arvensis (%57,5) olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Επίδραση της άρδευσης και της χλωρής λίπανσης στη ζιζανιοχλωρίδα

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ανέστης Καρκάνης
Keyword(s):  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Hibiscus Trionum ◽  
Orobanche Ramosa ◽  
Setaria Glauca

Σκοπός της διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν η μελέτη της επίδρασης της άρδευσης και της χλωρής λίπανσης στην ζιζανιοχλωρίδα. Σε πείραμα που πραγματοποιήθηκε σε φυτοδοχεία μελετήθηκε η επίδραση της άρδευσης στην ανάπτυξη και τα φυσιολογικά χαρακτηριστικά των ζιζανίων αγριοβαμβακιάς (Abutilon theophrasti), αγριομελιτζάνας (Xanthium strumarium), στύφνου (Solanum nigrum) και τάτουλα (Datura stramonium). Οι μεγαλύτερες τιμές του ξηρού βάρους, της αγωγιμότητας των στοματίων, του ρυθμού διαπνοής και του ρυθμού φωτοσύνθεσης των ζιζανίων καταγράφηκε σε επαρκώς αρδευόμενα φυτά. Σε πειράματα αγρού μελετήθηκε η ικανότητα ανταγωνισμού του βίκου αλλά και του λειμώνιου τριφυλλιού. Τα πειράματα πραγματοποιήθηκαν τα έτη 2005 και 2006, στον Δομοκό και στον αγρό του εργαστηρίου Γεωργίας. Παρατηρήθηκε ότι ο βίκος είναι πιο ανταγωνιστικός στα ζιζάνια σε σχέση με το λειμώνιο τριφύλλι. Επιπλέον το λειμώνιο τριφύλλι παρουσίασε μεγαλύτερη ικανότητα ανταγωνισμού στην Επαρχία Δομοκού. Επίσης σε πειράματα αγρού μελετήθηκε η επίδραση της χλωρής λίπανσης και των συστημάτων άρδευσης στην ζιζανιοχλωρίδα, σε καλλιέργεια καπνού. Τα πειράματα πραγματοποιήθηκαν τα έτη 2005 και 2006, στον Δομοκό και στον αγρό του εργαστηρίου Γεωργίας. Ακολουθήθηκε το πειραματικό σχέδιο των υποδιαιρεμένων τεμαχίων με 4 επαναλήψεις, δύο κύρια τεμάχια (σύστημα στάγδην άρδευσης και σύστημα καταιονισμού) και τρία υποτεμάχια (βίκος ως χλωρή λίπανση, λειμώνιο τριφύλλι ως χλωρής λίπανση και μάρτυρας (χωρίς λίπανση)). Ο μικρότερος αριθμός και το ξηρό βάρος των ζιζανίων καταγράφηκε στο σύστημα της στάγδην άρδευσης. Επίσης παρατηρήθηκε ότι ενσωμάτωση βιομάζας λειμώνιου τριφυλλιού της τάξης των 400Kg/στρέμμα (ξηρό βάρος) ήταν αρκετή ώστε να περιόρισα το φύτρωμα και την ανάπτυξη των ζιζανίων για χρονικό διάστημα 30 ημερών από την μεταφύτευση. Ακόμη ο μικρότερος αριθμός και ξηρό βάρος της οροβάγχης (Orobanche ramosa) καταγράφηκε στο σύστημα της στάγδην άρδευσης. Επίσης καταγράφηκε θετική συσχέτιση (R²=0.97; p=0.001) μεταξύ της ποσότητας του νερού άρδευσης και του αριθμού των φυτών της οροβάγχης. Ακόμη οι μεγαλύτερες τιμές της αγωγιμότητας των στοματίων, του ρυθμού διαπνοής και του ρυθμού φωτοσύνθεσης των σημαντικότερων ζιζανίων (Amaranthus retroflexus, Solanum nigrum, Convolovulus arvensis, Datura stramonium, Echinochloa crus-galli, Portulaca oleracea, Hibiscus trionum, Setaria glauca) καταγραφηκαν στα τεμάχια όπου έγινε χλωρή λίπανση με βίκο. Επίσης στις περισσότερες μετρήσεις οι μεγαλύτερες τιμές της αγωγιμότητας των στοματίων και του ρυθμού φωτοσύνθεσης καταγράφηκαν στα τεμάχια της στάγδην άρδευσης. Δεν παρατηρήθηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές για την θερμοκρασία των φύλλων των ζιζανίων μεταξύ των συστημάτων άρδευσης. Επιπρόσθετα το τραχύ βλήτο παρουσίασε τους μεγαλύτερους ρυθμούς φωτοσύνθεσης από όλα τα ζιζάνια. Τέλος στην αντράκλα, την σετάρια και την μουχρίτσα καταγράφηκαν οι μικρότερες τιμές της αγωγιμότητας των στοματίων.

scholarly journals Hıyarda (Cucumis sativus L.) yabancı ot çıkış zamanın tahminine yönelik araştırmalar

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Nihat Tursun ◽  
İrfan Ersin Akıncı ◽  
Mustafa Şahin ◽  
Ahmet Uludağ
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Cubic Spline ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L

Modelling is carried out for eleven major weeds in cucumber to develop estimated models for weed emergence time. Weed species were grouped according to their emergence patterns. Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Heliotropium europaeum, Polygonum aviculare and Solanum nigrum were early emerging, Convolvulus arvensis, Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, Portulaca oleracea and Sorghum halepense were season long emerging Tribulus terrestris was the late emerging weed species. Different non-linear growth curves (Chapman-Richard, Weibull, logistic, Gompertz and cubic spline) fitted to the data of cumulative percent emergence for the different species and years. Cubic spline seemed the best model for many species.

scholarly journals Effects Of Sideration On The Number Of Weeds Used At Different Times

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Yunus Chintoshevich Kenjaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Control Option ◽  
Field Bindweed

In keeping up and expanding soil fertility by applying siderite (green manure), increasing the yield of cotton by planting and cultivating pisum, pea, rapeseed, and grain as siderite crops from selected plants; amid cultivation, 39-51 tons of green biomass per hectare was collected in summer and 17-22 tons in autumn, and their effect on weed numbers were determined. In this case, in the experimental field, more perennial weeds were found, such as salomalaykum (Cyperus rotundus L.), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), ajrik (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), and annuals were found in semizoot (Portulaca oleracea L.), white sorghum (Chenopodium album L.), common rosemary (Amaranthus retleflexus L.), ituzum (Solanum nigrum) and others were observed. As a result, the number of yearly and perennial weeds beneath the influence of summer sideration diminished by 2.4-2.6 units compared to the control option before the 1st cultivation between cotton rows, and by 4.6-4.7 units before the final irrigation, or under the influence of autumn sideration. In accordance with the over, a decrease of 2.8-3.1 units was accomplished, and before the final irrigation - to 5.0 units. The most noteworthy reduction in weeds was observed in rapeseed and barley variants utilized as siderates in both experiments.

scholarly journals Changes of Weed Flora due to Nitrogen Addition in Sunflower

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1337-1339
Author(s):  
Ilias TRAVLOS ◽  
Panayiota PAPASTYLIANOU ◽  
Antonis ALEXOS ◽  
Panagiotis KANATAS ◽  
Dimitrios BILALIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Weed Flora

A field trial was conducted in Domokos region, in central Greece with Helianthus annuus, hybrid ‘LG 5658’ in order to evaluate the effects of different N fertilization and weed control methods on sunflower yield and weed flora. ANOVA showed that the interaction of fertilization and weed control had a significant effect on grain yield. Moreover, this study revealed that the density of the common weeds Amaranthus retroflexus, Abutilon theophrasti, Xanthium strumarium and Echinochloa crus-galli was increased by 60, 40, 33 and 23% in the plots of high N rate without any herbicide use. On the contrary, weeds like Datura stramonium and Convolvulus arvensis were not significantly affected by fertilization. This different responsiveness of the several weed species could be further exploited through programs of integrated crop and weed management. Moreover, our findings related to the differences in herbicide efficacy resulting from different N levels may alter weed flora and explain possible weed control failures.

scholarly journals Determination of the frequency and density of weed species in apple orchards in Kahramanmaras region of Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Tamer Üstüner
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Lactuca Serriola

A study was carried out in Kahramanmaras region of Turkey during 2012-13 having ten subregions namely, Afsin, And?r?n, Caglayancerit, Ekinozu, Elbistan, Göksun, Center, Nurhak, Pazarc?k and Türkoglu to determine the range, density and frequency of weeds in apple orchards. In the orchards 133 weed species from 31 families were determined. The average density of weeds was 112.49 plants m-2. The maximum density of weed species was found in Göksun (127.30 plants m-2) followed by Elbistan (126.13 plants m-2), Ekinozu (125.95 plants m- 2), Afsin (120.39 plants m-2), Center (117.94 plants m-2) and Caglayancerit (114.90 plants m-2), and the minimurn density was determined in Pazarc?k (69.51 plants m-2). From the identified 133 weed species one species belonged to Pterydophyta, 2l species to Monocotyledoneae and 111 species to Dicotyledoneae. The average densities of the weed species over l0 subregions for Agropyron repens (L.) P. Beauv., Chenopodium album L., Bromus arvensis L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. were found to be 13.76, 12.17, 12.10 and 10.76 plants m-2, respectively. With regard to frequency of occurrence, C. album L. was detected more than 56% in six subregions excluding And?r?n, Pazarc?k, Türkoglu and Center; A. retroflexus L. more than 54% in 7 subregions excluding Center, Pazarc?k and Türkoglu and A. repens (L.) P. Beauv. more than 50% in 10 subregions. Frequency of occurance of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. was observed 50.1, 50.9, 76.9% in Afsin, Caglayancerit and And?r?n, respectively and it was below 50% in other 7 subregions. In terms of coverage, Alopecurus myosuroides Huds., A. retroflexus, A. repens, B. arvensis, C. album, Convolvulus arvensis L., C. dactylon and Lactuca serriola L. were determined to be within the range of 20.2 to 48.2% in the study areas while the other species were below 20%.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 87-102, March 2017

scholarly journals Evaluation of Broadleaf Weeds Control with Selectivity of Post-Emergence Herbicides in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-497
Author(s):  
Ali Asghar CHITBAND ◽  
Reza GHORBANI ◽  
Mohammad Hassan RASHED MOHASSEL ◽  
Majid ABBASPOOR ◽  
Rahmat ABBASI
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weeds Control

The reduction of herbicide applications is a main research priority in recent years. In order to study the effect of individual post-emergence application of sugar beet broad-leaf herbicides at four to six true-leaf stage of weeds, experiments were conducted during 2013. Treatments included untreated control and several rates of desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate, chloridazon and clopyralid on Portulaca oleracea, Solanum nigrum, Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium album. A completely randomized layout with three replications was used for each herbicide. Three weeks after spraying (WAS), plants were harvested and measured their dry weight. These herbicides were more effective to control Portulaca oleracea than other weeds, thereupon minimum dose required for a satisfactory efficacy of 90% reduction of Portulaca oleracea aboveground dry matter (ED90) were 299.22, 1138.31 and 129.44 g a.i ha-1 of desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate, chloridazon and clopyralid, respectively. Solanum nigrum was more affected by clopyralid application (132.40 g a.i ha-1), and did not make significant difference in Portulaca oleracea. Chloridazon had lower effect for control of Chenopodium album due to existence of powdery covering on abaxial side of the leaves. Biomass ED50 or ED90, based on log-logistic dose–response curves, for Chenopodium album was considerably higher than other species. These results showed that tank mixtures with other herbicides may be required for satisfactory weed control and reduction in applied herbicides doses.

scholarly journals Seed production capability of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds in segetal and ruderal habitats

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Kurdyukova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Number Of Species

The main cause of wide presence of weeds in segetal and ruderal habitats is their high seed production capacity. It defined in expressly establishing field experiments, in industrial sowings, in segetal and ruderal habitats of steppe zones of Ukraine. It is determined that average fruitfulness of weeds in ruderal habitats was larger, than in segetal habitats by 3.8 times, and indexes of the maximum fruitfulness – by 4.0 times and reached accordingly 7028 and 9345 pieces, and 20112 and 98337 pieces. In segetal habitats monocotyledonous species of weeds on seed production on conceded dicotyledonous species by 2.9–3.7 times, and on ruderal habitats – by 9.8–10.5 times. Average seed production of monocotyledonous plants made up accordingly 3594 and 5660, and dicotyledonous – 12417 and 55629 pieces of seeds from one plant. Most species of monocotyledonous weeds (56,1 %) formed on one plant from 1 to 10 thousand pieces of seeds, and dicotyledonous weeds (37,9 %) – more than 10 thousand pieces of seeds. In segetal habitats the maximum seed production had families Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Lamiaceae, and on ruderal habitats – Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Apiaceae, Brassicaceae. The highest seed production the most widespread and abundant in sowings and on ruderal habitats had weeds: Convolvulus arvensis L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv., Eragrostis minor Host, Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., etc. The greatest reserve weed seeds in soil in segetal habitats descended at the expense of species from genera Amaranthus, Galium, Cirsium, Setaria, and on ruderal habitats – Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Plantago, etc. In segetal habitats proof presence of weeds of genera with low seed production was sustained at the expense of their larger number of species, and genera with low number of species – at the expense of high seed production. In ruderal habitats – as at the expense of larger number of species, and their high seed production. The absolute maximum of seed production in segetal habitats have been reached at weeds of genera Amaranthus, Cirsium, Galium – from 3288 to 242266 pieces, and in ruderal habitats – Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Plantago – from 108903 to 1911683 pieces from one plant.

Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum. [Distribution map].

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Bermuda Grass ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Wild Hosts ◽  
Distribution In Europe ◽  
Candidatus Phytoplasma Prunorum

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum Seemüller & Schneider. Phytoplasma. Hosts: Prunus spp., including peach, apricot, cherry, almond and plum. Wild hosts include bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Mainland France, Germany, Greece, Mainland Greece, Hungary, Italy, Mainland Italy, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Mainland Spain, Switzerland), Asia (Azerbaijan, Turkey).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document