Επίδραση της άρδευσης και της χλωρής λίπανσης στη ζιζανιοχλωρίδα

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ανέστης Καρκάνης
Keyword(s):  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Hibiscus Trionum ◽  
Orobanche Ramosa ◽  
Setaria Glauca

Σκοπός της διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν η μελέτη της επίδρασης της άρδευσης και της χλωρής λίπανσης στην ζιζανιοχλωρίδα. Σε πείραμα που πραγματοποιήθηκε σε φυτοδοχεία μελετήθηκε η επίδραση της άρδευσης στην ανάπτυξη και τα φυσιολογικά χαρακτηριστικά των ζιζανίων αγριοβαμβακιάς (Abutilon theophrasti), αγριομελιτζάνας (Xanthium strumarium), στύφνου (Solanum nigrum) και τάτουλα (Datura stramonium). Οι μεγαλύτερες τιμές του ξηρού βάρους, της αγωγιμότητας των στοματίων, του ρυθμού διαπνοής και του ρυθμού φωτοσύνθεσης των ζιζανίων καταγράφηκε σε επαρκώς αρδευόμενα φυτά. Σε πειράματα αγρού μελετήθηκε η ικανότητα ανταγωνισμού του βίκου αλλά και του λειμώνιου τριφυλλιού. Τα πειράματα πραγματοποιήθηκαν τα έτη 2005 και 2006, στον Δομοκό και στον αγρό του εργαστηρίου Γεωργίας. Παρατηρήθηκε ότι ο βίκος είναι πιο ανταγωνιστικός στα ζιζάνια σε σχέση με το λειμώνιο τριφύλλι. Επιπλέον το λειμώνιο τριφύλλι παρουσίασε μεγαλύτερη ικανότητα ανταγωνισμού στην Επαρχία Δομοκού. Επίσης σε πειράματα αγρού μελετήθηκε η επίδραση της χλωρής λίπανσης και των συστημάτων άρδευσης στην ζιζανιοχλωρίδα, σε καλλιέργεια καπνού. Τα πειράματα πραγματοποιήθηκαν τα έτη 2005 και 2006, στον Δομοκό και στον αγρό του εργαστηρίου Γεωργίας. Ακολουθήθηκε το πειραματικό σχέδιο των υποδιαιρεμένων τεμαχίων με 4 επαναλήψεις, δύο κύρια τεμάχια (σύστημα στάγδην άρδευσης και σύστημα καταιονισμού) και τρία υποτεμάχια (βίκος ως χλωρή λίπανση, λειμώνιο τριφύλλι ως χλωρής λίπανση και μάρτυρας (χωρίς λίπανση)). Ο μικρότερος αριθμός και το ξηρό βάρος των ζιζανίων καταγράφηκε στο σύστημα της στάγδην άρδευσης. Επίσης παρατηρήθηκε ότι ενσωμάτωση βιομάζας λειμώνιου τριφυλλιού της τάξης των 400Kg/στρέμμα (ξηρό βάρος) ήταν αρκετή ώστε να περιόρισα το φύτρωμα και την ανάπτυξη των ζιζανίων για χρονικό διάστημα 30 ημερών από την μεταφύτευση. Ακόμη ο μικρότερος αριθμός και ξηρό βάρος της οροβάγχης (Orobanche ramosa) καταγράφηκε στο σύστημα της στάγδην άρδευσης. Επίσης καταγράφηκε θετική συσχέτιση (R²=0.97; p=0.001) μεταξύ της ποσότητας του νερού άρδευσης και του αριθμού των φυτών της οροβάγχης. Ακόμη οι μεγαλύτερες τιμές της αγωγιμότητας των στοματίων, του ρυθμού διαπνοής και του ρυθμού φωτοσύνθεσης των σημαντικότερων ζιζανίων (Amaranthus retroflexus, Solanum nigrum, Convolovulus arvensis, Datura stramonium, Echinochloa crus-galli, Portulaca oleracea, Hibiscus trionum, Setaria glauca) καταγραφηκαν στα τεμάχια όπου έγινε χλωρή λίπανση με βίκο. Επίσης στις περισσότερες μετρήσεις οι μεγαλύτερες τιμές της αγωγιμότητας των στοματίων και του ρυθμού φωτοσύνθεσης καταγράφηκαν στα τεμάχια της στάγδην άρδευσης. Δεν παρατηρήθηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές για την θερμοκρασία των φύλλων των ζιζανίων μεταξύ των συστημάτων άρδευσης. Επιπρόσθετα το τραχύ βλήτο παρουσίασε τους μεγαλύτερους ρυθμούς φωτοσύνθεσης από όλα τα ζιζάνια. Τέλος στην αντράκλα, την σετάρια και την μουχρίτσα καταγράφηκαν οι μικρότερες τιμές της αγωγιμότητας των στοματίων.

scholarly journals EFIKASNOST KOMBINACIJE MEZOTRIONA I TERBUTILAZINA IZ RAZLIČITIH PREPARATA U USEVU KUKURUZA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Meseldzija ◽  
◽  
Milica Dudic ◽  
Radovan Begovic ◽  
Ivana Marjanovic
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Hibiscus Trionum ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Setaria Glauca ◽  
Set Up

The aim of study was to test the efficacy and phytotoxicity of Calaris pro (326 g kg-1 terbuthylazine+50 g kg-1 mesotrione) and Twister (125 g kg-1 terbuthylazine+50 g kg-1 mesotrione) on weeds in maize crop. The experiment was set up during 2017 at the Kruščić, by a random block system in four repetitions. High efficacy of herbicides was manifested on Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Cirsium arvense, Datura stramonium, Solanum nigrum, Setaria glauca, Hibiscus trionum and Xanthium strumarium, while low efficacy was on Sorghum halepense. The total efficacy for product Calaris pro was 94,16% and for Tvister 96,20%.

scholarly journals Siirt İlinde Sebze Alanlarında Görülen Yabancı Otlar

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-504
Author(s):  
Mesut SIRRI ◽  
Cumali ÖZASLAN
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Heliotropium Europaeum

Sebzeler taze olarak da tüketildiğinden hem zehirli yabancı otlarla karışık olmaması hem de pestisit kalıntısı içermemesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle sebze alanlarında görülen yabancı otların belirlenmesi hem insan sağlığı hem de yabancı ot kontrolü yönüyle büyük önem taşımaktadır. Uygun iklim koşullarının da bir sonucu olarak Siirt ilinde sebze üretim alanları sürekli artmaktadır. Ancak yörede sebzede sorun olan yabancı otların saptanmasına yönelik olarak daha önce herhangi bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu nedenle Siirt ilinde toplam 40 tarlada sürvey çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sürveylerde sebze ekim alanlarında sorun olan yabancı ot türleri ve bunların rastlanma sıklıkları ile yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmayla çalışma alanında 20 familyaya ait 52 farklı yabancı ot türü tespit edilmiştir. Saptanan yabancı otlardan 3’ünün tam parazitik ve 11’inin dar yapraklı olduğu diğerlerinin ise geniş yapraklı oldukları saptanmıştır. Dar yapraklı yabancı otlardan en fazla rastlanan ve en fazla yoğunluk oluşturan türlerin; Sorghum halepense (%67,5), Echinocloa crus-galli (%22,50) ve Cynodon dactylon (%17,5) olduğu saptanmıştır. Bölgede en fazla görülen ve yoğunluk oluşturan geniş yapraklı yabancı otların ise; Portulaca oleracea (%92,0), Amaranthus retroflexus (%82,0), Chrozophora tinctoria (%82,0), Alhagi pseudalhagi (%77,0), Solanum nigrum (%72,0), Heliotropium europaeum (%70,0), Amaranthus albus (%67,0), Xanthium strumarium (%65,0) ve Convolvulus arvensis (%57,5) olduğu belirlenmiştir.

scholarly journals Thermal inactivation of weed seeds and tubers during drying of pig manure.

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
C.M.J. Bloemhard ◽  
M.W.M.F. Arts ◽  
P.C. Scheepens ◽  
A.G. Elema
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Industrial Processing

Propagules of 7 plant species were subjected to heat treatments comparable to industrial processing. Propagules of all species, which had been preincubated 1 day in pig slurry, responded to heat treatment in an oven in the range from 50 to 104 degrees C. Brassica napus and Solanum nigrum were the most heat-sensitive species. The viability of their seeds was greatly reduced after 15 min at 50 degrees C. Seeds of Amaranthus retroflexus, B. napus, Chenopodium album and S. nigrum were inactivated after 3 min at 75 degrees C, seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli and tubers of Cyperus esculentus after 3 min at 90 degrees , whereas seeds of Abutilon theophrasti only slightly responded to 3 min at 104 degrees . Heating seeds of A. theophrasti at 104 degrees with steam resulted in much less viability than heating at the same temperature in the oven. More than 1 day preincubation in slurry positively affected thermal inactivation of E. crus-galli seeds and C. esculentus tubers at 75 degrees , but not of A. theophrasti seeds at 75, 90, and 104 degrees . (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Weed control in bean and green bean crops

Biljni lekar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-814
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Savić ◽  
Sanja Đurović ◽  
Srđan Stevanović ◽  
Milan Ugrinović
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Yields

Phaseolus vulgaris (beans; green beans) as a food of high nutritional value occupies an important place in the human diet. In addition to all the basic growing conditions, one of the key requirements for achieving high yields is successful weed control. Weeds such as Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Datura stramonium, Abutilon theophrasti, Xanthium strumarium, Cirsium arvense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Sorghum halepense and others appear as the most dominant species in our agroecological conditions. The application of the concept of integrated weed control implies the application of all available measures (crop rotation, proper and timely tillage, application of herbicides, etc.). Although there is a wider range of registered herbicides for weed control in beans and green beans in the world, preparations based on active substances: clethodim, quizalofop-P-tefuril, imazamox and bentazone have been registered in Serbia.

scholarly journals Mesotrione: A new herbicide for use in maize

Pesticidi ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Elezovic ◽  
Milan Stevic ◽  
Katarina Jovanovic-Radovanov
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Lepidium Draba

In 2000 and 2001 field trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide mesotrione in maize. The experiments were established in Zemun Polje and Smederevska Palanka, according to EPPO/OEPP standard methods. Trade formulation Callisto (a.i. mesotrione 480 g/L) used as a experimental sample in two doses 0.15 L/ha and 0.25 L/ha for pre-em, and 0.15 L/ha adjuvant; 0.25 L/ha + adjuvant and 0.25 L/ha alone for foliar application. The most sensitive weed species were: Adonis aestivalis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Cirsium arvense, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hibridum Lepidium draba, Brassica nigra, Datura stramonium, Kickia spuria, Polygonum lapathifolium, Sinapis arvensis, Solanum nigrum, Stachys annua i Xanthium strumarium.

scholarly journals Dependence of soybean weed infestation on growing conditions in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
R. Hutianskyi ◽  
S. Popov ◽  
V. Zuza ◽  
N. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Setaria Glauca

Goal. To establish the species composition of weeds, their dominant role and determine the type and level of weediness of soybean crops for cultivation in a fixed nine-course stationary, fallow-crop-row rotation and in monoculture in the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted by route surveys in field experiments. Results. According to the research of 2011—2017, 30 species of weeds and contaminants were found in soybean crops after winter wheat as forecrop in the stationary crop rotation (spring early and late were 60%, winter and biennial were 17%, perennial were 23%), and 18 species (spring early and late were 72%, wintering and biennial were 6%, perennial were 22%) were found for cultivation in monoculture. They belonged to 16 families, the families Asteraceae (9 species), Poaceae (5 species) and Polygonaceae (5 species) were the most represented. The main weeds in soybean crops in crop rotation and monoculture were Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Roem. et Schult., Chenopodium album L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. and Panicum miliaceum L. In addition to these weeds for growing soybeans in crop rotation were present Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Solanum nigrum L., Polygonum lapathifolium L., Sonchus arvensis L., Convolvulus arvensis L., and in monoculture were Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Xanthium strumarium L. Xanthium strumarium L. was the most dominant in the monoculture (43%), and Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv was subdominant in crop rotation (57%), and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Roem. and Schult. was subdominant in monoculture (57%). Six complex types of weeds were formed in soybean crops, cereal-dicotyledonous-dicotyledonous-root-sprouting and dicotyledonous-grass-annual-grass-root-sprouting prevailed. For cultivation in crop rotation cereal annual species predominated, and dicotyledonous annuals predominated in monoculture. At the same time, the monoculture had a higher level of weeding than crop rotation, or it was equivalent. Conclusions. The species composition of weeds in soybean crops in fallow-crop-row rotation and monoculture differs significantly, which should be taken into account by the agronomic service of farms when developing methods of their control.

The Interaction of Acifluorfen and Bentazon in Herbicidal Combinations

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veldon M. Sorensen ◽  
W. F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Redroot Pigweed

Acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} and bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] were applied singly, in combination at various rates, with and without a crop oil concentrate to common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL. # CHEAL), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL. # AMARE), jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL. # DATST), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic. # ABUTH) grown in containers in the greenhouse and outdoors. Without crop oil concentrate, synergistic responses to the combinations were measured in common lambsquarters and velvetleaf. Antagonistic responses were measured in jimsonweed. Redroot pigweed response was antagonistic in the greenhouse and synergistic outdoors. The addition of a crop oil concentrate tended to mask the interactions. Crop oil concentrate also increased the droplet size for common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, jimsonweed, and redroot pigweed 53, 41, 28, and 27%, respectively. Neither herbicide at any rate or combination influenced droplet size. Radiolabeled studies showed reduced uptake of14C-acifluorfen when bentazon was present in common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed by 15 and 10%, respectively. Radiolabeled bentazon uptake was reduced 3% in jimsonweed and increased 20% in redroot pigweed when acifluorfen was present.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of invasive weed species Abutilon theophrasti Medik., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Datura stramonium L. and Xanthium strumarium L. on tomato

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic ◽  
Ljiljana Santric
Keyword(s):  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
The Other ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Abutilon theophrasti Medik, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Datura stramonium L. and Xanthium strumarium L. are four well-known invasive weed species that are widespread in many crops. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effects of decomposition products of these four invasive weeds on seed germination and early seedling growth of tomato. The results of the study showed that decomposition products obtained from A. theophrasti, A. artemisiifolia, D. stramonium and X. strumarium had different allelopathic impacts on germination and seedling growth of tomato. The degree of inhibition or stimulation depended on weed species and type of decomposition product. Root decomposition products of all species except X. strumarium decreased the early growth of tomato (2-37%). X. strumarium had only stimulating effect on early growth of tomato (1-86%). Also, the results showed that leaves of the other three invasive weed species had stimulating effects on early growth of tomato (1-53%). Hence, the allelopathic potential of X. strumarium, as well as the leaf decomposition products of the other three invasive weed species could be used to develop an appropriate technology to improve tomato production.

Response of Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris) and Four Weed Species to Dinitramine

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Setaria Glauca ◽  
Better Than

Dinitramine (N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine) applied at 0.37 kg/ha controlled black nightshade (Solanum nigrumL.) better than did trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) at 0.56 kg/ha. Dinitramine applied at 0.37 kg/ha was equal to 0.56 kg/ha of trifluralin for control of green foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.], yellow foxtail [Setaria glauca(L.) Beauv.], and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.). Dinitramine produced more root aberrations in sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono Hy D2′) than did trifluralin when sprayed on nonexposed or exposed hypotcotyledonary tissues of seedlings. When soil surrounded most of the hypocotyls at the time of application, 0.56 kg/ha of dinitramine affected 57 to 87% of the roots, whereas the same rate of trifluralin affected 1 to 8% of the roots. When the hypocotyls were exposed at the time of application, 100% of the roots were affected by dinitramine compared to 25% of all roots treated with trifluralin. Dinitramine applied at 0.37, 0.42, and 0.56 kg/ha lowered the quality and yield of sugarbeet roots, with the highest rate significantly reducing percentage purity, percentage sucrose, and recoverable sucrose. Trifluralin did not affect these parameters.

scholarly journals Changes of Weed Flora due to Nitrogen Addition in Sunflower

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1337-1339
Author(s):  
Ilias TRAVLOS ◽  
Panayiota PAPASTYLIANOU ◽  
Antonis ALEXOS ◽  
Panagiotis KANATAS ◽  
Dimitrios BILALIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Weed Flora

A field trial was conducted in Domokos region, in central Greece with Helianthus annuus, hybrid ‘LG 5658’ in order to evaluate the effects of different N fertilization and weed control methods on sunflower yield and weed flora. ANOVA showed that the interaction of fertilization and weed control had a significant effect on grain yield. Moreover, this study revealed that the density of the common weeds Amaranthus retroflexus, Abutilon theophrasti, Xanthium strumarium and Echinochloa crus-galli was increased by 60, 40, 33 and 23% in the plots of high N rate without any herbicide use. On the contrary, weeds like Datura stramonium and Convolvulus arvensis were not significantly affected by fertilization. This different responsiveness of the several weed species could be further exploited through programs of integrated crop and weed management. Moreover, our findings related to the differences in herbicide efficacy resulting from different N levels may alter weed flora and explain possible weed control failures.

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