Fungicide sensitivity of Clarireedia spp. isolates from golf courses in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 105785
Author(s):  
Huangwei Zhang ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Zhengyang Zhao ◽  
Jin Guan ◽  
Yinglu Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Golf Courses ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity

scholarly journals Fungicide Sensitivity of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa from Golf Courses in Ohio

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Ki Jo ◽  
Amy L. Niver ◽  
Joseph W. Rimelspach ◽  
Michael J. Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Fungicide Insensitivity

Managing dollar spot, the most common and chronic disease on intensively cultivated turfgrass, relies on the judicious use of fungicides. The heavy use of fungicides has led to the development of isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa insensitive to several classes of fungicides, including benzimidazoles, demethylation-inhibitors, and dicarboximides. In vitro fungicide sensitivity assays using single discriminatory concentrations of thiophanate-methyl, propiconazole, and iprodione were developed in this study for evaluating field efficacy of these fungicides and the prevalence of fungicide insensitivity within S. homoeocarpa isolated from golf courses throughout Ohio. Discriminatory concentrations for these fungicides were determined to be: thiophanate-methyl = 1,000 μg a.i. ml-1, propiconazole = 0.1 μg a.i. ml-1, and iprodione = 1.0 μg a.i. ml-1. Effective concentration that produces 50% inhibition (EC50) was estimated based on relative mycelial growth of S. homoeocarpa on potato dextrose agar (PDA) versus PDA amended with the discriminatory concentration of each fungicide. Field trials conducted at 3 locations in 2002 and 10 locations in 2003 revealed that the in vitro assays accurately predicted field efficacy for thiophanate-methyl. When used to screen 192 S. homoeocarpa isolates collected previously from 55 golf courses throughout Ohio, the in vitro assays revealed that 34 of the golf courses sampled had S. homoeocarpa resistant to thiophanate-methyl. S. homoeocarpa with reduced in vitro sensitivities was isolated from 18 and 1 golf courses for propiconazole and iprodione, respectively.

scholarly journals Geographic Distribution of Fungicide-Insensitive Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Isolates from Golf Courses in the Northeastern United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Putman ◽  
Geunhwa Jung ◽  
John E. Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl

Chemical management of dollar spot in turf may lead to the development of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa populations with reduced fungicide sensitivity. The objective of this study was to determine the scope of S. homoeocarpa insensitivity to fungicides commonly used to control dollar spot on golf courses in the northeastern United States. A total of 965 and 387 isolates of S. homoeocarpa from intensively or individually sampled sites, respectively, were evaluated for in vitro sensitivity to iprodione, propiconazole, and thiophanate-methyl. Mean baseline sensitivities to iprodione and propiconazole were 0.2763 and 0.0016 μg a.i. ml–1, respectively, and all baseline isolates were sensitive to thiophanate-methyl at 1,000 μg a.i. ml–1. When compared with the baseline population, 14 and 18 of 20 total populations were less sensitive to iprodione and propiconazole, respectively. Individually sampled isolates obtained from fairways, putting greens, or tees were less sensitive to iprodione and propiconazole when compared with the baseline. For thiophanate-methyl, five populations were sensitive, six were resistant, and the remaining nine populations contained various proportions (2 to 92%) of resistant isolates. Individually sampled isolates obtained from fairways and putting greens were evaluated for associations in sensitivity among the three fungicides. A weak but positive correlation in sensitivity to iprodione and propiconazole was observed for isolates resistant to thiophanate-methyl but correlations for sensitive isolates were not significant. Furthermore, isolates with highly reduced sensitivity to iprodione clustered in a narrow range of propiconazole sensitivity. These data suggest the possible existence of resistance mechanisms common to diverse fungicide classes. Overall, results indicate that insensitivity of S. homoeocarpa to iprodione, propiconazole, and thiophanate-methyl exists in varying degrees on golf courses in the northeastern United States.

Toxicity, Uptake, and Distribution of Simazine in Canna hybrida `King Humbert': Implications for Phytoremediation

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 484e-485
Author(s):  
Patrick C. Wilson ◽  
Ted Whitwell ◽  
Steven J. Klaine
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Potential Use

This research focuses on the potential use of Canna hybrida `King Humbert' for removing simazine from contaminated water generated at golf courses and ornamental nurseries. Because of simazine's herbicidal activity, it is important for levels in solution not to exceed plant tolerance levels. Tolerance levels for C. hybrida were determined by dosing plants for 7 d with 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg simazine/L nutrient media. Measurements of 7-d fresh mass production and photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) were taken. Simazine uptake and distribution within the plant was determined by dosing plants with 2.03 mCi 14C-simazine (0.243 mg/L) for 1, 3, 5, or 7 d. Plant tissues were analyzed by combustion and liquid scintillation counting. Fresh mass production was reduced 66% and 78% for plants exposed to 1.0 and 3.0 mg/L, respectively. Likewise, photosynthetic efficiency was reduced to 66% and 40% of the controls at the same respective concentrations. Plant uptake of simazine accounted for 13%, 34%, 48%, and 65% of the original simazine in the dosing solution after 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-d exposure, respectively. This simazine was distributed primarily between roots and leaves.

Loading rates of nutrients discharging from a golf course and a neighboring forested basin

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kunimatsu ◽  
Miki Sudo ◽  
Takeshi Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Chamaecyparis Obtusa ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Japanese Cypress ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Runoff Rate

In the last ten years, the number of golf courses has been increasing in some countries as the game gains popularity. This indicates, a need to estimate the nutrient loading from golf courses in order to prevent the eutrophication of water bodies. Nutrient concentrations and flow rates of a brook were measured once a week from 1989 to 1990 at two sites: Site A of a brook flowing out from D-golf course (53 ha) and Site B of the same brook discharging into the golf course from an upper forested basin (23 ha) covered mainly with planted Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa SIEB. et ZUCC). The bedrock of the area was granite. The annual values of precipitation and mean temperature were 1947 mm and 13.5°C in 1989, respectively. The arithmetic average values of discharge from the forested basin and the golf course were 0.392 and 1.26 mg/l total nitrogen (TN), 0.0072 and 0.145 mg/l total phosphorus (TP), 0.82 and 3.53 mg/l potassium ion (K+, 5.92 and 8.24 mg/l sodium ion (Na+), 2.1 and 9.9 mg/l suspending solid (0.001–2.0 mm, SS), 0.087 and 0.147 mS/cm electric conductivity (EC), and 0.031 and 0.037 m3/km2•s specific discharge, respectively. The loading rates of the forested basin and the golf course were 5.42 and 13.5 TN, 0.133 and 3.04 TP, 8.84 and 33.9 K+, 55.0 and 73.0 Na+, and 54.3 and 118 SS in kg/ha•y. The leaching and runoff rate of nitrogen in the chemical fertilizers applied on the golf course was calculated as 32%. These results indicated the importance of controlling the phosphorus loading for the management of golf courses.

A Place Identity Reading of Park Golf Courses in the Center of a City

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-55
Author(s):  
Seung-cheol Ok ◽  
Hyuck-gi Lee ◽  
Seok-min Shin
Keyword(s):  
Place Identity ◽  
Golf Courses

Characterization, fungicide sensitivity and efficacy of Colletotrichum spp. from chili in Fujian, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 105572
Author(s):  
Niu-Niu Shi ◽  
Hong-Chun Ruan ◽  
Yu-Lin Jie ◽  
Fu-Ru Chen ◽  
Yi-Xin Du
Keyword(s):  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

Identification of degradation products of terbutol in environmental water from golf courses

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1712-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshinari Suzuki ◽  
Kumiko Yaguchi ◽  
Kazuo Ohnishi ◽  
Tetsuya Suga
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Golf Courses

A Ground Water Monitoring Study for Pesticides and Nitrates Associated with Golf Courses on Cape Cod

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Z. Cohen ◽  
Susan Nickerson ◽  
Robert Maxey ◽  
Aubry Dupuy Jr. ◽  
Joseph A. Senita
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Monitoring Study

scholarly journals Fungicide Sensitivity of Pythium spp. Associated with Cavity Spot of Carrot in California and Michigan

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hong Lu ◽  
R. Michael Davis ◽  
S. Livingston ◽  
J. Nunez ◽  
Jianjun J. Hao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
First Report ◽  
Cavity Spot ◽  
Pythium Violae

The identity of 172 isolates of Pythium spp. from cavity spot lesions on carrot produced in California and Michigan was determined, and their sensitivity to three fungicides was examined. Pythium violae accounted for 85% of California isolates, with P. irregulare, P. dissotocum (the first report as a carrot pathogen in the United States), P. ultimum, and P. sulcatum making the balance. P. sulcatum, P. sylvaticum, and P. intermedium were the most commonly recovered (85%) species in Michigan; others from Michigan included P. intermedium, P. irregulare, and an unclassified strain, M2-05. On fungicide-amended media, 93% of isolates were sensitive to mefenoxam (inhibition of mycelial growth was >60% at 10 μg active ingredient [a.i.]/ml); however, two of five isolates of P. irregulare from California were highly resistant (≤60% inhibition at 100 μg a.i./ml); about half of the isolates of P. intermedium and P. sylvaticum and a single isolate of P. violae were highly or intermediately resistant to mefenoxam (>60% inhibition at 100 μg a.i./ml, or ≤60% inhibition at 10 μg a.i./ml). P. dissotocum, P. irregulare, P. sulcatum, M2-05, and three of seven isolates of P. intermedium were insensitive to fluopicolide (effective concentrations for 50% growth inhibition [EC50] were >50 μg a.i./ml), while P. sylvaticum, P. ultimum, P. violae, and some isolates in P. intermedium were sensitive (EC50 < 1 μg a.i./ml). All isolates were sensitive to zoxamide (EC50 < 1 μg a.i./ml). Sensitivity baselines of P. violae to zoxamide and fluopicolide were established.

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