Characterization, fungicide sensitivity and efficacy of Colletotrichum spp. from chili in Fujian, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 105572
Author(s):  
Niu-Niu Shi ◽  
Hong-Chun Ruan ◽  
Yu-Lin Jie ◽  
Fu-Ru Chen ◽  
Yi-Xin Du
Keyword(s):  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

scholarly journals Managing Colletotrichum on Fruit Crops: A “Complex” Challenge

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 2301-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Dowling ◽  
Natalia Peres ◽  
Sara Villani ◽  
Guido Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Future Management

The fungal genus Colletotrichum includes numerous important plant pathogenic species and species complexes that infect a wide variety of hosts. Its taxonomy is particularly complex because species’ phenotypes and genotypes are difficult to differentiate. Two notable complexes, C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides, are known for infecting temperate fruit crops worldwide. Even species within these complexes vary in traits such as tissue specificity, aggressiveness, geographic distribution, and fungicide sensitivity. With few effective chemicals available to control these pathogens, and the persistent threat of fungicide resistance, there is a need for greater understanding of this destructive genus and the methods that can be used for disease management. This review summarizes current research on diseases caused by Colletotrichum spp. on major fruit crops in the United States, focusing on the taxonomy of species involved, disease management strategies, and future management outlook.

scholarly journals Characterization and Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum Species Causing Strawberry Anthracnose in Eastern China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1960-1968
Author(s):  
Liqing Zhang ◽  
Lili Song ◽  
Xiangming Xu ◽  
Xiaohua Zou ◽  
Ke Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Strawberry Anthracnose ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

Strawberry anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is one of the most serious diseases in the strawberry fields of China. In total, 196 isolates of Colletotrichum were obtained from leaves, stolons, and crowns of strawberry plants with anthracnose symptoms in eastern China and were characterized based on morphology, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and β-tubulin (TUB2) gene sequences. All 196 isolates were identified as the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex. In total, 62 strains were further identified at the species level by phylogenetic analyses of multilocus sequences of ITS, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (ACT), Apn2-Mat1-2 intergenic spacer and partial mating type (ApMat), calmodulin (CAL), and TUB2. Three species from the C. gloeosporioides species complex were identified: Colletotrichum siamense, C. fructicola, and C. aenigma. Isolates of C. siamense were tolerant to high temperatures, with a significantly larger colony diameter than the other two species when grown above 36°C. The inoculation of strawberry plants confirmed the pathogenicity of all three species. C. siamense isolates resulted in the highest disease severity. The in vitro sensitivities of C. siamense and C. fructicola isolates to azoxystrobin and three demethylation-inhibitor (DMI) fungicides (difenoconazole, tebuconazole, and prochloraz) were determined. Both species were sensitive to DMI fungicides but not to azoxystrobin. C. siamense isolates were more sensitive to prochloraz, while C. fructicola isolates were more sensitive to difenoconazole and tebuconazole. The present study provides valuable information for the effective management of strawberry anthracnose.

scholarly journals Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Causing Bitter Rot of Apple in Kentucky Orchards

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 2194-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Munir ◽  
B. Amsden ◽  
E. Dixon ◽  
L. Vaillancourt ◽  
N. A. Ward Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Bitter Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

Multiple species of Colletotrichum can cause bitter rot disease of apple, but the identities and relative representation of the species causing the disease in Kentucky are unknown. In total, 475 Colletotrichum isolates were collected from diseased apple fruit in 25 counties and characterized both morphologically and by using various molecular approaches. Multigene sequence analyses revealed that sample isolates belonged to several newly erected species within the Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides species complexes. The isolates were identified as C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae, which reside within the C. acutatum species complex, and C. siamense, C. theobromicola, and C. fructicola, which are placed within the C. gloeosporioides species complex. C. fioriniae was the most common species causing bitter rot in Kentucky, comprising more than 70% of the isolates. Infectivity tests on detached fruit showed that C. gloeosporioides species-complex isolates were more aggressive than isolates in the C. acutatum species complex. However, isolates within the C. acutatum species complex produced more spores on lesions compared with isolates within the C. gloeosporioides species complex. Aggressiveness varied among individual species within a species complex. C. siamense was the most aggressive species identified in this study. Within the C. acutatum species complex, C. fioriniae was more aggressive than C. nymphaeae, causing larger, deeper lesions. Apple cultivar did not have a significant effect on lesion development. However, Colletotrichum spp. produced more spores on ‘Red Stayman Winesap’ than on ‘Golden Delicious’. Fungicide sensitivity tests revealed that the C. acutatum species complex was more tolerant to thiophanate-methyl, myclobutanil, trifloxystrobin, and captan compared with the C. gloeosporioides species complex. The study also revealed that mycelial growth of C. siamense was more sensitive to tested fungicides compared with C. fructicola and C. theobromicola. These research findings emphasize the importance of accurate identification of Colletotrichum spp. within each species complex, because they exhibit differences in pathogenicity and fungicide sensitivity.

scholarly journals The Use of Essential Oils from Thyme, Sage and Peppermint against Colletotrichum acutatum

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Armina Morkeliūnė ◽  
Neringa Rasiukevičiūtė ◽  
Lina Šernaitė ◽  
Alma Valiuškaitė
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Biological Protection

The Colletotrichum spp. is a significant strawberry pathogen causing yield losses of up to 50%. The most common method to control plant diseases is through the use of chemical fungicides. The findings of plants antimicrobial activities, low toxicity, and biodegradability of essential oils (EO), make them suitable for biological protection against fungal pathogens. The aim is to evaluate the inhibition of Colletotrichum acutatum by thyme, sage, and peppermint EO in vitro on detached strawberry leaves and determine EO chemical composition. Our results revealed that the dominant compound of thyme was thymol 41.35%, peppermint: menthone 44.56%, sage: α,β-thujone 34.45%, and camphor: 20.46%. Thyme EO inhibited C. acutatum completely above 200 μL L−1 concentration in vitro. Peppermint and sage EO reduced mycelial growth of C. acutatum. In addition, in vitro, results are promising for biological control. The detached strawberry leaves experiments showed that disease reduction 4 days after inoculation was 15.8% at 1000 μL L−1 of peppermint EO and 5.3% at 800 μL L−1 of thyme compared with control. Our findings could potentially help to manage C. acutatum; however, the detached strawberry leaves assay showed that EO efficacy was relatively low on tested concentrations and should be increased.

scholarly journals Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose Disease in Tropical Fruit Crops—A Review

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Latiffah Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Fruit Plantations

In tropical fruit crops, anthracnose is mainly caused by species belonging to the fungal genus, Colletotrichum. These phytopathogens can infect several parts of the fruit crops; however, infection during postharvest or ripening stages is responsible for major economic losses. Due to the formation of black to dark brown sunken lesions on the fruit surface, anthracnose reduces fruit quality and marketability. Among the most common tropical fruit crops susceptible to anthracnose are mango, papaya, banana, avocado, guava, and dragon fruit; these are economically relevant products in many developing countries. It is important to document that the newly recorded Colletotrichum spp. associated with fruit anthracnose can infect multiple hosts, but some species may be host-specific. By using multiple markers, many phylogenetic species of Colletotrichum have been reported as anthracnose-causing pathogens. Taking into account that disease management strategies strongly rely on adequate knowledge of the causative agents, updated information on Colletotrichum species and the hazard posed by the most recently identified species in tropical fruit plantations and harvested fruits becomes vital. Besides, the newly recorded species may be important for biosecurity and should be listed as quarantine pathogens, considering that tropical fruits are traded worldwide.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Antioxidant Dynamics of the Soursop Fruit (Annona muricata L.) in response to Colletotrichum spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Alejandro Rubio-Melgarejo ◽  
Rosendo Balois-Morales ◽  
Yolotzin Apatzingan Palomino-Hermosillo ◽  
Graciela Guadalupe López-Guzmán ◽  
José Carmen Ramírez-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Late Response ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Colletotrichum Siamense ◽  
Soluble Phenols ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

This work evaluates the effect of the pathogens Colletotrichum siamense and C. gloeosporioides on the response of soursop fruits. The bioactive compounds (total phenols, flavonoids, anthraquinones, coumarins, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and saponins) were evaluated qualitatively in soursop pulp. Positive phytochemicals and antioxidant activity (DPPH•, ABTS•+, and FRAP) were quantified at day zero, one, three, and five. Fruits treated with C. gloeosporioides showed higher disease severity (P<0.05). Early fruit response (day one) was observed with both pathogens, increased the concentration of saponins and repressed the production of quercetin 3-O-glucoside (P<0.05). Likewise, C. siamense decreased total soluble phenols and flavonoids and increased antiradical activity DPPH•. Besides, C. gloeosporioides decreased the levels of kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside and ferulic acid (P<0.05). Regarding the late response (day three), both pathogens decreased the concentration of saponins and increased flavonoids and phytosterols (P<0.05). Nevertheless, C. siamense increased the levels of total soluble phenols, p-coumaric acid, kaempferol, and antiradical activity FRAP (P<0.05). Also, C. gloeosporioides repressed the production of quercetin 3-O-glucoside at day five (P<0.05). Soursop fruits had a response to the attack of Colletotrichum during ripening at physicochemical and oxidative levels, which is associated with the production of compounds related to the development inhibition of pathogens. Even so, soursop fruits showed higher susceptibility to C. gloeosporioides and higher sensitivity to the attack of C. siamense.

scholarly journals Diversity and Longevity of the Soybean Debris Mycobiota in a No-Tillage System

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Baird ◽  
B. G. Mullinix ◽  
A. B. Peery ◽  
M. L. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Cercospora Kikuchii ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fungi

The survival of the mycobiota on pod and stem debris of soybean produced in a no-tillage system with cover crops of alfalfa, canola, rye, or wheat or with no cover was studied during 1994 and 1995. Fiberglass mesh bags containing pods and stems were assayed every 28 to 31 days to determine the isolation frequency of fungi. Over 90% of the 11,906 isolates obtained were members of the Deuteromycotina. The most common genera isolated were Alternaria, Cercos-pora, Colletotrichum, Epicoccum, Fusarium, and Phoma. Alternaria spp. had the greatest isolation frequencies and constituted 40% of the total cultures. Numbers of total fungi (all fungi isolated) on sampling dates in 1994 were similar to the totals in 1995. In May 1994, the mean isolation rates for many of the fungal species were significantly lower (P = 0.05) in several of the cover crops, but no consistent pattern could be determined. Common soybean pathogens isolated included Colletotrichum spp., Diaporthe spp., and Cercospora kikuchii. Fusarium graminearum, which is responsible for several diseases of maize and wheat, was commonly isolated during this study. Of the Diaporthe spp. (anamorph Phomopsis spp.), 87% were identified as D. phaseolorum var. sojae. Colletotrichum spp. were identified as C. truncatum in 85% of the isolates, C. destructivum (teleomorph Glomerella glycines) in 12%, and both species in 3%. Cercospora kikuchii was more commonly isolated from pods than from stem tissue, and Colletotrichum spp. occurred more frequently on stems. Isolation frequencies of Diaporthe spp. were greater in May of both years than in the preceding months. These results show that no-tillage soybean debris harbors numerous fungi pathogenic to soybean, and producers who grow soybeans continuously may find more disease in this crop and lower yields. Fungi that attack crops such as maize and wheat were commonly isolated from soybean debris in both years, and a no-tillage rotation which includes maize or wheat could result in increased disease in these crops. Isolation frequencies of the fungi from cover crops varied with the sampling date, but no consistent patterns could be determined for a particular cover crop or fungal species. This is the first detailed study of survival rates of soybean, maize, and wheat pathogens that overwinter on soybean debris in a no-tillage system.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Pathogenic Variability Among Isolates of Colletotrichum Species from Strawberry

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béatrice Denoyes-Rothan ◽  
Guy Guérin ◽  
Christophe Délye ◽  
Barbara Smith ◽  
Dror Minz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Its2 Sequence ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Rapd Polymorphism ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

Ninety-five isolates of Colletotrichum including 81 isolates of C. acutatum (62 from strawberry) and 14 isolates of C. gloeosporioides (13 from strawberry) were characterized by various molecular methods and pathogenicity tests. Results based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymorphism and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 2 sequence data provided clear genetic evidence of two subgroups in C. acutatum. The first subgroup, characterized as CA-clonal, included only isolates from strawberry and exhibited identical RAPD patterns and nearly identical ITS2 sequence analysis. A larger genetic group, CA-variable, included isolates from various hosts and exhibited variable RAPD patterns and divergent ITS2 sequence analysis. Within the C. acutatum population isolated from strawberry, the CA-clonal group is prevalent in Europe (54 isolates of 62). A subset of European C. acutatum isolates isolated from strawberry and representing the CA-clonal and CA-variable groups was assigned to two pathogenicity groups. No correlation could be drawn between genetic and pathogenicity groups. On the basis of molecular data, it is proposed that the CA-clonal subgroup contains closely related, highly virulent C. acutatum isolates that may have developed host specialization to strawberry. C. gloeosporioides isolates from Europe, which were rarely observed were either slightly or nonpathogenic on strawberry. The absence of correlation between genetic polymorphism and geographical origin in Colletotrichum spp. suggests a worldwide dissemination of isolates, probably through international plant exchanges.

Fungicide sensitivity of Clarireedia spp. isolates from golf courses in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 105785
Author(s):  
Huangwei Zhang ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Zhengyang Zhao ◽  
Jin Guan ◽  
Yinglu Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Golf Courses ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity

scholarly journals Fungicide Sensitivity of Pythium spp. Associated with Cavity Spot of Carrot in California and Michigan

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hong Lu ◽  
R. Michael Davis ◽  
S. Livingston ◽  
J. Nunez ◽  
Jianjun J. Hao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
First Report ◽  
Cavity Spot ◽  
Pythium Violae

The identity of 172 isolates of Pythium spp. from cavity spot lesions on carrot produced in California and Michigan was determined, and their sensitivity to three fungicides was examined. Pythium violae accounted for 85% of California isolates, with P. irregulare, P. dissotocum (the first report as a carrot pathogen in the United States), P. ultimum, and P. sulcatum making the balance. P. sulcatum, P. sylvaticum, and P. intermedium were the most commonly recovered (85%) species in Michigan; others from Michigan included P. intermedium, P. irregulare, and an unclassified strain, M2-05. On fungicide-amended media, 93% of isolates were sensitive to mefenoxam (inhibition of mycelial growth was >60% at 10 μg active ingredient [a.i.]/ml); however, two of five isolates of P. irregulare from California were highly resistant (≤60% inhibition at 100 μg a.i./ml); about half of the isolates of P. intermedium and P. sylvaticum and a single isolate of P. violae were highly or intermediately resistant to mefenoxam (>60% inhibition at 100 μg a.i./ml, or ≤60% inhibition at 10 μg a.i./ml). P. dissotocum, P. irregulare, P. sulcatum, M2-05, and three of seven isolates of P. intermedium were insensitive to fluopicolide (effective concentrations for 50% growth inhibition [EC50] were >50 μg a.i./ml), while P. sylvaticum, P. ultimum, P. violae, and some isolates in P. intermedium were sensitive (EC50 < 1 μg a.i./ml). All isolates were sensitive to zoxamide (EC50 < 1 μg a.i./ml). Sensitivity baselines of P. violae to zoxamide and fluopicolide were established.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document