Short-term resin tapping activities had a minor influence on physiological responses recorded in the tree-ring isotopes of Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis)

β-Lactam antibiotics resistant to β-lactamase degradation can be produced by many chemical modifications, but often at the expense of antibacterial activity. Substitution onto several positions in the molecule produces different and often selective resistance; for instance, heavily sterically hindered acyl groups give staphylococcal P-lactamase resistance to penicillins, and resistance to some enzymes from Gram-negative pathogens to both penicillins and cephalosporins. 6-α- or 7-α-substituents respectively confer a broad spectrum of resistance (e.g. cefoxitin), but changes at positions 2 or 3 have only a minor influence on enzyme susceptibility. Changes in the ring condensed with the β-lactam, such as changing ceph-3-em to ceph-2-em may greatly enhance stability. Small improvements can occur when the nuclear sulphur atom is oxidized, but a much better effect is obtained when it is replaced by another atom such as oxygen, as in clavulanic acid. This compound appears to have broad spectrum resistance which is actually due to susceptibility and subsequent product inhibition.

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Lubrication Properties of Aqueous Solutions with Polyethoxylated Ether (PEOE) Added

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1359 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 239-242 ◽

pp. 1359-1363

Author(s):

Chao Hui Zhang ◽

Si Si Liu ◽

Yue Tao Sun ◽

Jun Ming Liu

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Metal Working ◽

Functional Additives ◽

Film Forming ◽

Minor Influence ◽

Forming Characteristics ◽

Aqueous Surfactants ◽

A Minor ◽

Lubrication Properties

Aqueous solutions have found broad usages as lubricants, in conjunction with other possible utilizations, such as in metal working and other industries. Due to the inferior lubricity, functional additives are needed to improve their tribological performances among which aqueous surfactants are exclusively included. The film forming property of aqueous solution with polyethoxylated ether added (PEOE) is measured, taking consideration of the influences of the temperature and the concentration. The addition of PEOEs into aqueous solutions will largely increase the film forming capacity. But the concentration has only a minor influence on the lubrication property of the aqueous solutions with PEOEs. The cloud point will strongly alter the film forming characteristics.

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Influence of Different Commercial Yeasts on Volatile Fraction of Sparkling Wines

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10020247 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 247

Author(s):

Valeriu V. Cotea ◽

Mihai Cristian Focea ◽

Camelia Elena Luchian ◽

Lucia Cintia Colibaba ◽

Elena Cristina Scutarașu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

International Organization ◽

Volatile Fraction ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Organoleptic Characteristics ◽

Mass Spectrometry Technique ◽

Minor Influence ◽

Spectrometry Technique ◽

A Minor ◽

Aging Stage

The occurrence of aroma constituents in sparkling wines, with direct impact on their organoleptic characteristics, is affected by several factors, for example the base-wine particularities, grapes cultivar conditions, inoculated yeasts, the aging stage, and wine-making practices. This study evaluated the influence of different four commercial yeasts (IOC FIZZ™, IOC DIVINE™, LEVULIA CRISTAL™, and IOC 18-2007™) on the volatile composition of experimental sparkling wines. For this, five sparkling wines variants from the Muscat Ottonel grape variety were obtained. The base-wine was obtained through reverse osmosis and had a predetermined alcoholic concentration (10.5% vol.). In order to fulfill the proposed purpose, the experimental sparkling wines were characterized by the physical–chemical parameters (according to International Organization of Vine and Wine methods of analysis), volatile fraction (using gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry technique), and sensory descriptors. Data showed a key impact on the concentration of the volatile constituents (p < 0.05), depending on the type of inoculated yeast for the second fermentation. Regarding the sensory analysis, important differences can be observed due to the type of inoculated yeast. Only a minor influence on the physical–chemical parameters was registered.

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The short-term effects of elevated CO2 and ammonium concentrations on physiological responses in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1186/s41240-017-0063-y ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jin Woo Kang ◽

Cicilia Kambey ◽

Zhou Shen ◽

Yufeng Yang ◽

Ik Kyo Chung

Keyword(s):

Elevated Co2 ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Gracilariopsis Lemaneiformis ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Effects

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Phytoplankton thermal responses adapt in the absence of hard thermodynamic constraints

10.1101/452250 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dimitrios - Georgios Kontopoulos ◽

Erik van Sebille ◽

Michael Lange ◽

Gabriel Yvon-Durocher ◽

Timothy G. Barraclough ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Performance ◽

Thermal Sensitivity ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Performance Curve ◽

Thermal Environments ◽

Thermal Performance Curve ◽

Performance Curves ◽

Minor Influence ◽

A Minor

AbstractTo better predict how populations and communities respond to climatic temperature variation, it is necessary to understand how the shape of the response of fitness-related traits to temperature evolves (the thermal performance curve). Currently, there is disagreement about the extent to which the evolution of thermal performance curves is constrained. One school of thought has argued for the prevalence of thermodynamic constraints through enzyme kinetics, whereas another argues that adaptation can—at least partly—overcome such constraints. To shed further light on this debate, we perform a phylogenetic meta-analysis of the thermal performance curves of growth rate of phytoplankton—a globally important functional group—, controlling for environmental effects (habitat type and thermal regime). We find that thermodynamic constraints have a minor influence on the shape of the curve. In particular, we detect a very weak increase of maximum performance with the temperature at which the curve peaks, suggesting a weak “hotter-is-better” constraint. Also, instead of a constant thermal sensitivity of growth across species, as might be expected from strong constraints, we find that all aspects of the thermal performance curve evolve along the phylogeny. Our results suggest that phytoplankton thermal performance curves adapt to thermal environments largely in the absence of hard thermodynamic constraints.

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Short‐term outcomes in children following emergency department visits for minor injuries sustained at home

Injury Epidemiology ◽

10.1186/s40621-021-00307-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Matthew J Molloy ◽

Wendy Shields ◽

Molly W Stevens ◽

Andrea C Gielen

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Pediatric Emergency ◽

Emergency Department Visits ◽

Short Term ◽

Minor Injury ◽

Minor Injuries ◽

A Minor ◽

The Impact ◽

At Home

Abstract Background Minor injuries are very common in the pediatric population and often occur in the home environment. Despite its prevalence, little is known about outcomes in children following minor injury at home. Understanding the impact of these injuries on children and their families is important for treatment, prevention, and policy. The objectives of our study were (1) To describe the distribution of short-term outcomes following pediatric minor injuries sustained at home and (2) To explore the relationship of injury type and patient and household demographics with these outcomes. Methods Children (n = 102) aged 0–7 years with a minor injury sustained at home were recruited in an urban pediatric emergency department as part of the Child Housing Assessment for a Safer Environment (CHASE) observational study. Each patient had a home visit following the emergency department visit, where five parent-reported outcomes were assessed. Relationships were explored with logistic regression. Results The most common type of injury was soft tissue (57.8 %). 13.2 % of children experienced ≥ 7 days of pain, 21.6 % experienced ≥ 7 days of abnormal activity, 8.9 % missed ≥ 5 days of school, 17.8 % of families experienced ≥ 7 days of disruption, and 9.1 % of parents missed ≥ 5 days of work. Families reported a total of 120 missed school days and 120 missed work days. Children who sustained a burn had higher odds of experiencing pain (OR 6.97), abnormal activity (OR 8.01), and missing school (OR 8.71). The parents of children who sustained a burn had higher odds of missing work (OR 14.97). Conclusions Families of children suffering a minor injury at home reported prolonged pain and changes in activity as well as significant school and work loss. In this cohort, burns were more likely than other minor injuries to have these negative short-term outcomes reported and represent an important target for interventions. The impact of these injuries on missed school and disruption of parental work warrants further consideration.

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Effects of Long-Term Triclosan Exposure on Microbiota in Zebrafish

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.604313 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ning Tang ◽

Pianpian Fan ◽

Xiaogang Yu ◽

Rui Ma ◽

Yexuan Tao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Adult Zebrafish ◽

Short Term ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Embryonic Life ◽

A Minor

Background: Triclosan (TCS) is a widely used antibacterial agent in personal care products and is ubiquitous in the environment. We aimed to examine whether TCS exposure affects microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of zebrafish.Methods: After exposure to TCS 0 (Dimethyl Sulphoxide, DMSO control), 0.03, 0.3, 3, 30, 100, and 300ng/ml, respectively, from day 0 to 120days post fertilization (dpf), or for 7days in adult 4-month zebrafish, the long- and short-term impact of TCS exposure on the microbiome in the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated by analyzing 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region sequencing.Results: The top two most dominant microbiota phyla were Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria phylum in all zebrafish groups. In TCS exposure 0–120 dpf, compared with DMSO control, the mean number of microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was 54.46 lower (p<0.0001), Chao indice 41.40 lower (p=0.0004), and Ace indice 34.10 lower (p=0.0044) in TCS 300ng/ml group, but no change was observed in most of the other TCS concentrations. PCoA diagram showed that the microbial community in the long-term TCS 300ng/ml exposure group clustered differently from those in the DMSO control and other TCS exposure groups. A shorter body length of the zebrafish was observed in the long-term TCS exposure at 0.03, 100, and 300ng/ml. For 7-day short-term exposure in adult zebrafish, no difference was observed in alpha or beta diversity of microbiota nor the relative abundance of Proteobacteria or Fusobacteria phylum among DMSO control and any TCS levels, but a minor difference in microbial composition was observed for TCS exposure.Conclusions: Long-term exposure to high TCS concentration in a window from early embryonic life to early adulthood may reduce diversity and alter the composition of microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract. The effect of short-term TCS exposure was not observed on the diversity of microbiota but there was a minor change of microbial composition in adult zebrafish with TCS exposure.

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