Comparison of islet cell function, insulin sensitivity, and incretin axis between Asian-Indians with either impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, and normal healthy controls

2021 ◽  
pp. 108846
Author(s):  
Ayan Roy ◽  
Sadishkumar Kamalanathan ◽  
Jayaprakash Sahoo ◽  
Sitanshu Sekhar Kar ◽  
Dukhabandhu Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Asian Indians ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Islet Cell Function

scholarly journals Effect of Rosiglitazone and Ramipril on  -Cell Function in People With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Impaired Fasting Glucose: The DREAM trial

Diabetes Care ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Hanley ◽  
B. Zinman ◽  
P. Sheridan ◽  
S. Yusuf ◽  
H. C. Gerstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Glucose

scholarly journals Insulin resistance, beta-cell function, adipokine profiles and cardiometabolic risk factors among Chinese youth with isolated impaired fasting glucose versus impaired glucose tolerance: the BCAMS study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Dan Feng ◽  
Issy C Esangbedo ◽  
Yanglu Zhao ◽  
Lanwen Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Chinese Youth

ObjectiveImpaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) may convey disparate risks of metabolic consequences. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), while an expedient screening procedure, may not adequately assess metabolic risk, particularly among youths. In order to inform a strategy for screening Chinese youth for pre-diabetes, we examined the relative value of IFG versus IGT to define metabolic risk by assessing their association with insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, adverse adipokine profiles and other cardiometabolic risk factors.Research design and methodsWe recruited 542 subjects (age 14–28 years) from the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome study for an in-depth assessment of cardiometabolic risk factors, including a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, liver ultrasound and serum levels of four adipokines.ResultsFPG failed to identify nearly all (32/33) youths with IGT, whereas 2-hour plasma glucose (2 h PG) missed 80.8% (21/26) of subjects with IFG. Impaired beta-cell function was evident from decreased oral disposition indices in those with isolated impaired fasting glucose (iIFG) or isolated impaired glucose tolerance (iIGT) versus normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (all p<0.001), whereas reduced insulin sensitivity (Matsuda) index was most pronounced in the iIGT group (p<0.01). Moreover, alterations in adipokine levels (fibroblast growth factor 21, adiponectin and leptin/adiponectin ratio) were associated with iIGT (p<0.05) but not iIFG. Youths with iIGT had a 2-fold to 32-fold increased incidence of hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and metabolic syndrome (MetS) compared with those with NGT. In addition, subgroup analyses of participants with normal FPG revealed that the odds of having IGT increased 3-fold to 18-fold among those with elevated TGs, hypertension, moderate-to-severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or MetS.ConclusionsChinese youth with iIGT exhibit a higher cardiometabolic risk profile than those with iIFG. Thus, 2 h PG is preferred over FPG to identify the pre-diabetes phenotype at greatest risk of subsequent development of cardiovascular disease.Trial registration numberNCT03421444.

scholarly journals Insulin Secretory Defect and Insulin Resistance in Isolated Impaired Fasting Glucose and Isolated Impaired Glucose Tolerance

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae Aoyama-Sasabe ◽  
Mitsuo Fukushima ◽  
Xin Xin ◽  
Ataru Taniguchi ◽  
Yoshikatsu Nakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
The Relationship

Objective.To investigate the characteristics of isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), we analyzed the factors responsible for elevation of 2-hour postchallenge plasma glucose (2 h PG) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels.Methods.We investigated the relationship between 2 h PG and FPG levels who underwent 75 g OGTT in 5620 Japanese subjects at initial examination for medical check-up. We compared clinical characteristics between isolated IGT and isolated IFG and analyzed the relationships of 2 h PG and FPG with clinical characteristics, the indices of insulin secretory capacity, and insulin sensitivity.Results.In a comparison between isolated IGT and isolated IFG, insulinogenic index was lower in isolated IGT than that of isolated IFG (0.43 ± 0.34 versus 0.50 ± 0.47, resp.;p<0.01). ISI composite was lower in isolated IFG than that of isolated IGT (6.87 ± 3.38 versus 7.98 ± 4.03, resp.;p<0.0001). In isolated IGT group, insulinogenic index showed a significant correlation with 2 h PG (r=-0.245,p<0.0001) and had the strongest correlation with 2 h PG (β=-0.290). In isolated IFG group, ISI composite showed a significant correlation with FPG (r=-0.162,p<0.0001) and had the strongest correlation with FPG (β=-0.214).Conclusions.We have elucidated that decreased early-phase insulin secretion is the most important factor responsible for elevation of 2 h PG levels in isolated IGT subjects, and decreased insulin sensitivity is the most important factor responsible for elevation of FPG levels in isolated IFG subjects.

scholarly journals One-Hour Postload Hyperglycemia Is a Stronger Predictor of Type 2 Diabetes Than Impaired Fasting Glucose

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 3744-3751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino ◽  
Maria Adelaide Marini ◽  
Francesco Andreozzi ◽  
Franco Arturi ◽  
Elena Succurro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Glucose

Context: Subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) but 1-h postload glucose ≥ 155 mg/dL (NGT-1h-high) exhibit an intermediate cardiometabolic risk profile between individuals with NGT and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether NGT-1h-high subjects have different cardiometabolic characteristics and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared with individuals with isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Setting, Design, and Patients: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on 595 nondiabetic subjects who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp in an ambulatory care setting. In addition, a longitudinal analysis was performed on 392 individuals, who were reexamined after a followup of 5.2 ± 0.9 y. Main Outcome Measures: Insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, and risk of developing diabetes were measured. Results: Subjects with NGT-1h-high have a significant reduction of peripheral insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, assessed by the disposition index, compared with either 1-h postload glucose &lt; 155 mg/dL (NGT-1h-low) or IFG individuals, but not compared with IGT. Among the 392 subjects studied in the longitudinal analysis the incidence rate of type 2 diabetes over the follow-up period was 2.9, 16.7, 12.5, and 31.4% for subjects with NGT-1h-low, NGT-1h-high, IFG, and IGT, respectively. In a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis the risk of developing diabetes for NGT-1h-high subjects was 4.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–15.26); an even higher risk (6.67; 95% CI, 2.09–21.24) was observed in subjects with IGT, but not in the isolated IFG group (1.91; 95% CI, 0.44–8.29). Conclusions: NGT-1h-high subjects exhibit a higher risk of developing diabetes than those with IFG or NGT-1h-low, likely due to decreased insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function.

Progression to and Prevention of Diabetes: Disparity of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Impaired Glucose Tolerance - Review Article

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 829-836
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
World Health ◽  
Risk Of Progression

It is well established that individuals who have prediabetes either impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) have high risk to develop diabetes. However, it is unclear whether the rate of progression to diabetes is different between these two categories. Lifestyle modification has been recommended for diabetes prevention in these high-risk groups. However, given the differences in their pathophysiology, it is possible that these subtypes of prediabetes condition may have different responses to lifestyle modification. The present review was to summarize the risk of progression to diabetes and the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention for diabetes prevention in individuals who have isolated IGT or isolated IFG or combined. The risk of progression to diabetes is highest in combined IFG and IGT subtype. Individuals who have isolated IFG by the American Diabetes Association criteria (100 to 125 mg/dl) has lower risk of progression to diabetes than those with World Health Organization criteria (110 to 125 mg/dl) and the latter has similar or higher risk of incident diabetes than those with isolated IGT. Lifestyle modification is most effective in individuals with IGT (with or without IFG) but is less effective in those with isolated IFG. In conclusion, The risk of progression to diabetes and the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention for diabetes prevention are disparate between prediabetes subtypes. Given the paucity of diabetes prevention data in individuals with isolated IFG, more studies dedicated to this subtype is required. Keywords: Impaired fasting glucose, Impaired glucose tolerance, Prediabetes, Type 2 diabetes, Lifestyle intervention, Diabetes prevention

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