The Relationship between Vection, Cybersickness and Head Movements Elicited by Illusory Motion in Virtual RealityC

1. Previous studies in the cat have demonstrated that output neurons of the superior collicular as well as brain stem omnipause neurons have discharges that are best correlated, not with the trajectory of the eye in the head but, with the trajectory of the visual axis in space (gaze = eye-in-head + head-in-space) during rapid orienting coordinated eye and head movements. In this study, we describe the gaze-related activity of cat premotor “inhibitory burst neurons”(IBNs) identified on the basis of their position relative to the abducens nucleus. 2. The firing behavior of IBNs was studied during 1) saccades made with the head stationary, 2) active orienting combined eye-head gaze shifts, and 3) passive movements of the head on the body. IBN discharges were well correlated with the duration and amplitude of saccades made when the head was stationary. In both head-free paradigms, the behavior of cat IBNs differed from that of previously described primate “saccade bursters”. The duration of their burst was better correlated with gaze than saccade duration, and the total number of spikes in a burst was well correlated with gaze amplitude and generally poorly correlated with saccade amplitude. The behavior of cat IBNs also differed from that of previously described primate “gaze bursters”. The slope of the relationship between the total number of spikes and gaze amplitude observed during head-free gaze shifts was significantly lower than that observed during head-fixed saccades. 3. These studies suggest that cat IBNs do not fit into the categories of gaze-bursters or saccade-bursters that have been described in primate studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Visually Induced Motion Sickness in Virtual Environments

Presence Teleoperators & Virtual Environments ◽

10.1162/pres.1992.1.3.306 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 306-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 140

Author(s):

Lawrence J. Hettinger ◽

Gary E. Riccio

Keyword(s):

Virtual Environments ◽

Motion Sickness ◽

Visual Representations ◽

Visual Display ◽

Critical Issue ◽

Head Movements ◽

Visually Induced Motion Sickness ◽

Induced Motion ◽

Self Motion ◽

The Relationship

Visually induced motion sickness is a syndrome that occasionally occurs when physically stationary individuals view compelling visual representations of self-motion. It may also occur when detectable lags are present between head movements and recomputation and presentation of the visual display in helmet-mounted displays. The occurrence of this malady is a critical issue for the future development and implementation of virtual environments. Applications of this emerging technology are likely to be compromised to the extent that users experience illness and/or incapacitation. This article presents an overview of what is currently known regarding the relationship between visually specified self-motion in the absence of inertial displacement and resulting illness and perceptual-motor disturbances.

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Vestibular adaptation to centrifugation does not transfer across planes of head rotation

Journal of Vestibular Research ◽

10.3233/ves-2008-18103 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 25-37

Author(s):

Ian Garrick-Bethell ◽

Thomas Jarchow ◽

Heiko Hecht ◽

Laurence R. Young

Keyword(s):

Sagittal Plane ◽

Head Rotation ◽

Head Movements ◽

Control Group ◽

Illusory Motion ◽

Ocular Reflex ◽

Before And After ◽

Out Of Plane ◽

Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽

Axis Rotation

Out-of-plane head movements performed during fast rotation produce non-compensatory nystagmus, sensations of illusory motion, and often motion sickness. Adaptation to this cross-coupled Coriolis stimulus has previously been demonstrated for head turns made in the yaw (transverse) plane of motion, during supine head-on-axis rotation. An open question, however, is if adaptation to head movements in one plane of motion transfers to head movements performed in a new, unpracticed plane of motion. Evidence of transfer would imply the brain builds up a generalized model of the vestibular sensory-motor system, instead of learning a variety of individual input/output relations separately. To investigate, over two days 9 subjects performed pitch head turns (sagittal plane) while rotating, before and after a series of yaw head turns while rotating. A Control Group of 10 subjects performed only the pitch movements. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and sensations of illusory motion were recorded in the dark for all movements. Upon comparing the two groups we failed to find any evidence of transfer from the yaw plane to the pitch plane, suggesting that adaptation to cross-coupled stimuli is specific to the particular plane of head movement. The findings have applications for the use of centrifugation as a possible countermeasure for long duration spaceflight. Adapting astronauts to unconstrained head movements while rotating will likely require exposure to head movements in all planes and directions.

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Investigating Head Movements Induced by ‘Riloid’ Patterns in Migraine and Control Groups Using a Virtual Reality Display

Multisensory Research ◽

10.1163/22134808-20181310 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (8) ◽

pp. 753-777

Author(s):

Louise O’Hare ◽

Alex Sharp ◽

Patrick Dickinson ◽

Graham Richardson ◽

John Shearer

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Visual System ◽

Visual Stimulus ◽

Vestibular System ◽

Visual Display ◽

Head Movements ◽

Illusory Motion ◽

Control Groups ◽

Visual Discomfort ◽

And Control

Abstract Certain striped patterns can induce illusory motion, such as those used in op-art. The visual system and the vestibular system work together closely, and so it is possible that illusory motion from a visual stimulus can result in uncertainty in the vestibular system. This increased uncertainty may be measureable in terms of the magnitude of head movements. Head movements were measured using a head-mounted visual display. Results showed that stimuli associated with illusory motion also seem to induce greater head movements when compared to similar stimuli. Individuals with migraine are more susceptible to visual discomfort, and this includes illusory motion from striped stimuli. However, there was no evidence of increased effect of illusory motion on those with migraine compared to those without, suggesting that while motion illusions may affect discomfort judgements, this is not limited to only those with migraine.

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Neck Muscle Synergies During Stimulation and Inactivation of the Interstitial Nucleus of Cajal (INC)

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.90363.2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 100 (3) ◽

pp. 1677-1685 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Farshad Farshadmanesh ◽

Pengfei Chang ◽

Hongying Wang ◽

Xiaogang Yan ◽

Brian D. Corneil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Head Rotation ◽

Neck Muscles ◽

Head Movements ◽

Emg Activity ◽

Muscle Synergies ◽

Neck Muscle ◽

Interstitial Nucleus Of Cajal ◽

Splenius Capitis ◽

The Relationship

The interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) is thought to control torsional and vertical head posture. Unilateral microstimulation of the INC evokes torsional head rotation to positions that are maintained until stimulation offset. Unilateral INC inactivation evokes head position-holding deficits with the head tilted in the opposite direction. However, the underlying muscle synergies for these opposite behavioral effects are unknown. Here, we examined neck muscle activity in head-unrestrained monkeys before and during stimulation (50 μA, 200 ms, 300 Hz) and inactivation (injection of 0.3 μl of 0.05% muscimol) of the same INC sites. Three-dimensional eye and head movements were recorded simultaneously with electromyographic (EMG) activity in six bilateral neck muscles: sternocleidomastoid (SCM), splenius capitis (SP), rectus capitis posterior major (RCPmaj.), occipital capitis inferior (OCI), complexus (COM), and biventer cervicis (BC). INC stimulation evoked a phasic, short-latency (∼5–10 ms) facilitation and later (∼100–200 ms) a more tonic facilitation in the activity of ipsi-SCM, ipsi-SP, ipsi-COM, ipsi-BC, contra-RCPmaj., and contra-OCI. Unilateral INC inactivation led to an increase in the activity of contra-SCM, ipsi-SP, ipsi-RCPmaj., and ipsi-OCI and a decrease in the activity of contra-RCPmaj. and contra-OCI. Thus the influence of INC stimulation and inactivation were opposite on some muscles (i.e., contra-OCI and contra-RCPmaj.), but the comparative influences on other neck muscles were more variable. These results show that the relationship between the neck muscle responses during INC stimulation and inactivation is much more complex than the relationship between the overt behaviors.

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The Relationship Between Head Movements and Speech Dysfluencies

Language and Speech ◽

10.1177/002383098402700404 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 333-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

U. Hadar ◽

T.J. Steiner ◽

F. Clifford Rose

Keyword(s):

Head Movements ◽

The Relationship

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The relationship of head movements to semicircular canal size in cetaceans

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.040105 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 213 (7) ◽

pp. 1175-1181 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

B. M. Kandel ◽

T. E. Hullar

Keyword(s):

Semicircular Canal ◽

Head Movements ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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The Relationship between Stress Levels Measured by a Questionnaire and the Data Obtained by Smart Glasses and Finger Pulse Oximeters among Polish Dental Students

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11188648 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (18) ◽

pp. 8648

Author(s):

Katarzyna Mocny-Pachońska ◽

Rafał J. Doniec ◽

Szymon Sieciński ◽

Natalia J. Piaseczna ◽

Marek Pachoński ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Angular Velocity ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Stress Level ◽

Linear Acceleration ◽

Head Movements ◽

Physiological Signals ◽

Smart Glasses ◽

Finger Pulse ◽

The Relationship

Stress is a physical, mental, or emotional response to a change and is a significant problem in modern society. In addition to questionnaires, levels of stress may be assessed by monitoring physiological signals, such as via photoplethysmogram (PPG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA), facial expressions, and head and body movements. In our study, we attempted to find the relationship between the perceived stress level and physiological signals, such as heart rate (HR), head movements, and electrooculographic (EOG) signals. The perceived stress level was acquired by self-assessment questionnaires in which the participants marked their stress level before, during, and after performing a task. The heart rate was acquired with a finger pulse oximeter and the head movements (linear acceleration and angular velocity) and electrooculographic signals were recorded with JINS MEME ES_R smart glasses (JINS Holdings, Inc., Tokyo, Japan). We observed significant differences between the perceived stress level, heart rate, the power of linear acceleration, angular velocity, and EOG signals before performing the task and during the task. However, except for HR, these signals were poorly correlated with the perceived stress level acquired during the task.

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