Post opioid overdose outreach by public health and public safety agencies: Exploration of emerging programs in Massachusetts

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Formica ◽  
Robert Apsler ◽  
Lindsay Wilkins ◽  
Sarah Ruiz ◽  
Brittni Reilly ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Carroll ◽  
Rita K. Noonan ◽  
Jessica Wolff

This chapter describes the public health role in the Overdose Response Strategy (ORS), a public health/public safety collaboration between the Office of National Drug Control Policy’s High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas program and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The mission of the ORS is to reduce opioid overdose incidents by developing and sharing information about heroin, fentanyl, and other opioids across state and federal agencies. In addition, the ORS supports states in implementing evidence-based strategies to combat the opioid overdose epidemic, especially where those strategies are informed by local data. Teams comprising one drug intelligence officer and one public health analyst work in each of the 24 ORS states. Challenges and opportunities of public health and law enforcement collaboration are described.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 35S-43S
Author(s):  
Sarah Febres-Cordero ◽  
Athena D. F. Sherman ◽  
Joseph Karg ◽  
Ursula Kelly ◽  
Lisa M. Thompson ◽  
...  

The opioid epidemic was declared a national public health emergency in 2017. In Georgia, standing orders for the opioid antagonist, naloxone, have been implemented to reduce mortality from opioid overdoses. Service industry workers in the Atlanta, Georgia, inner-city community of Little Five Points (L5P) have access to naloxone, potentially expanding overdose rescue efforts in the community setting. To explore the issues facing L5P, our research brings together qualitative descriptive inquiry, ethnography, community-based research, a community advisory board, and a local artist to maximize community dissemination of research findings through a graphic novel that describes encountering an opioid overdose. This format was chosen due to the ethical responsibility to disseminate in participants’ language and for its potential to empower and educate readers. This article describes the process of working on this study with the community and a local artist to create sample pages that will be tested for clarity of the message in a later phase. Working with an artist has revealed that while dissemination and implementation for collaboration begin before findings are ready, cross-collaboration with the artist requires early engagement, substantial funding, artist education in appropriate content, and member checking to establish community acceptability altering illustrations that reinforce negative stereotypes. By sharing the experiences of actions taken during an opioid overdose in L5P through a graphic novel, we can validate service industry workers’ experiences, acknowledge their efforts to contribute to harm reduction, and provide much-needed closure to those who encounter opioid overdoses in the community.


Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
pp. 1395-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Strang ◽  
Rebecca McDonald ◽  
Gabrielle Campbell ◽  
Louisa Degenhardt ◽  
Suzanne Nielsen ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Klein ◽  
Daniel A. O’Connell ◽  
Alma R. Candelas ◽  
James G. Giglio ◽  
Guthrie S. Birkhead

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e4
Author(s):  
Marc R. Larochelle ◽  
Svetla Slavova ◽  
Elisabeth D. Root ◽  
Daniel J. Feaster ◽  
Patrick J. Ward ◽  
...  

Objectives. To examine trends in opioid overdose deaths by race/ethnicity from 2018 to 2019 across 67 HEALing Communities Study (HCS) communities in Kentucky, New York, Massachusetts, and Ohio. Methods. We used state death certificate records to calculate opioid overdose death rates per 100 000 adult residents of the 67 HCS communities for 2018 and 2019. We used Poisson regression to calculate the ratio of 2019 to 2018 rates. We compared changes by race/ethnicity by calculating a ratio of rate ratios (RRR) for each racial/ethnic group compared with non-Hispanic White individuals. Results. Opioid overdose death rates were 38.3 and 39.5 per 100 000 for 2018 and 2019, respectively, without a significant change from 2018 to 2019 (rate ratio = 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98, 1.08). We estimated a 40% increase in opioid overdose death rate for non-Hispanic Black individuals (RRR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.22, 1.62) relative to non-Hispanic White individuals but no change among other race/ethnicities. Conclusions. Overall opioid overdose death rates have leveled off but have increased among non-Hispanic Black individuals. Public Health Implications. An antiracist public health approach is needed to address the crisis of opioid-related harms. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print September 9, 2021:e1–e4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306431 )


2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1490-1492
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Murphy ◽  
Dev D. Jani ◽  
Jeffrey M. Elder

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Giulia Sbaraini Fontes ◽  
Paulo Ferracioli

Based on Entman’s (1993) and Iyengar’s (1996) concepts , this article intends to identify the frames practiced by O Estado de São Paulo (OESP) and Folha de S. Paulo (FSP) for the crack issue during Gilberto Kassab’s (2009 to 2012) and Fernando Haddad’s administrations (2013 to 2016). For that, 120 texts were analyzed, with the hypothesis that the newspapers’ political positions are also translated in their information material - and, therefore, FSP and OESP would present different coverages. The results confirmed this hypothesis, since OESP addressed the issue from the health point of view in both periods, with emphasis on public safety during the second administration. In addition to the health issue, FSP has focused on public safety aspects in Kassab’s administration and economy in Haddad’s administration. Despite this, newspapers have brought similarities, such as the use of episodic frame in most of the texts.Partindo dos conceitos de Entman (1993) e Iyengar (1996), esse artigo pretende identificar quais os frames praticados por O Estado de S. Paulo (OESP) e Folha de S. Paulo (FSP) para a questão do crack durante as gestões de Gilberto Kassab (2009 a 2012) e de Fernando Haddad (2013 a 2016). Para tanto foram analisados 120 textos, com a hipótese de que as posições políticas dos jornais se traduzem, também, em seu material informativo – e, por isso, FSP e OESP apresentariam coberturas distintas. Os resultados confirmaram tal hipótese, pois OESP abordou o assunto sob a ótica da saúde nos dois períodos, com destaque para a segurança pública durante a segunda gestão. Já FSP enfocou, além da questão de saúde, aspectos de segurança pública na gestão Kassab e de economia na de Haddad. Apesar disso, os jornais trouxeram semelhanças, como o uso do frame episódico na maioria das matérias. Desde los conceptos de Entman (1993) y Iyengar (1996), este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los enmarcamientos usados por O Estado de S. Paulo (OESP) y Folha de S. Paulo (FSP) para cestión de crack durante las administraciones de Gilberto Kassab (2009-2012) y Fernando Haddad (2013-2016). Por lo tanto, se analizaron 120 textos, con la hipótesis de que las posiciones políticas de los periódicos se traducen también en su material de información - y por lo tanto, FSP y OESP presentarían diferentes coberturas. Los resultados confirmaron esta hipótesis, ya que el OESP se acercó a la cuestión desde la perspectiva de la salud en ambos períodos, sobre todo para la seguridad pública durante el segundo término. Ya el FSP se centró, más allá del tema de la salud, los aspectos de seguridad pública en la gestión Kassab y economía en Haddad. Sin embargo, los periodicos trajeron similitudes, tales como el uso de enmarcamiento episódico en la mayoría de los textos.


2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e12
Author(s):  
Amir Razaghizad ◽  
Sarah B. Windle ◽  
Kristian B. Filion ◽  
Genevieve Gore ◽  
Irina Kudrina ◽  
...  

Background. Opioids contribute tomore than 60 000 deaths annually in North America. While the expansion of overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs has been recommended in response to the opioid crisis, their effectiveness remains unclear. Objectives. To conduct an umbrella review of systematic reviews to provide a broad-based conceptual scheme of the effect and feasibility of OEND and to identify areas for possible optimization. Search Methods. We conducted the umbrella review of systematic reviews by searching PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Epistemonikos, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the reference lists of relevant articles. Briefly, an academic librarian used a 2-concept search, which included opioid subject headings and relevant keywords with a modified PubMed systematic review filter. Selection Criteria. Eligible systematic reviews described comprehensive search strategies and inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluated the quality or risk of bias of included studies, were published in English or French, and reported data relevant to either the safety or effectiveness of OEND programs, or optimal strategies for the management of opioid overdose with naloxone in out-of-hospital settings. Data Collection and Analysis. Two reviewers independently extracted study characteristics and the quality of included reviews was assessed in duplicate with AMSTAR-2, a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews. Review quality was rated critically low, low, moderate, or high based on 7 domains: protocol registration, literature search adequacy, exclusion criteria, risk of bias assessment, meta-analytical methods, result interpretation, and presence of publication bias. Summary tables were constructed, and confidence ratings were provided for each outcome by using a previously modified version of the Royal College of General Practitioners’ clinical guidelines. Main Results. Six systematic reviews containing 87 unique studies were included.We found that OEND programs produce long-term knowledge improvement regarding opioid overdose, improve participants’ attitudes toward naloxone, provide sufficient training for participants to safely and effectivelymanage overdoses, and effectively reduce opioid-relatedmortality. High-concentration intranasal naloxone (.2mg/mL) was as effective as intramuscular naloxone at the same dose, whereas lower-concentration intranasal naloxone was less effective. Evidence was limited for other naloxone formulations, as well as the need for hospital transport after overdose reversal. The preponderance of evidence pertained persons who use heroin. Author's Conclusions. Evidence suggests that OEND programs are effective for reducing opioid-related mortality; however, additional high-quality research is required to optimize program delivery. Public Health Implications. Community-based OEND programs should be implemented widely in high-risk populations. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print July 2, 2021: e1–e12. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306306 )


2021 ◽  
pp. 13-29
Author(s):  
Todd R. Clear ◽  
Chase L. Montagnet
Keyword(s):  

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