1,8-dihydroxy naphthalene (DHN) - melanin confers tolerance to cadmium in isolates of melanised dark septate endophytes

Populus alba ‘Villafranca’ clone is well-known for its tolerance to cadmium (Cd). To determine the mechanisms of Cd tolerance of this species, wild-type (wt) plants were compared with transgenic plants over-expressing an aquaporin (aqua1, GenBank GQ918138). Plants were maintained in hydroponic conditions with Hoagland’s solution and treated with 10 µM of Cd, renewed every 5 d. The transcription levels of heavy metal transporter genes (PaHMA2, PaNRAMP1.3, PaNRAMP2, PaNRAMP3.1, PaNRAMP3.2, PaABCC9, and PaABCC13) were analyzed at 1, 7, and 60 d of treatment. Cd application did not induce visible toxicity symptoms in wt and aqua1 plants even after 2 months of treatment confirming the high tolerance of this poplar species to Cd. Most of the analyzed genes showed in wt plants a quick response in transcription at 1 d of treatment and an adaptation at 60 d. On the contrary, a lower transcriptional response was observed in aqua1 plants in concomitance with a higher Cd concentration in medial leaves. Moreover, PaHMA2 showed at 1 d an opposite trend within organs since it was up-regulated in root and stem of wt plants and in leaves of aqua1 plants. In summary, aqua1 overexpression in poplar improved Cd translocation suggesting a lower Cd sensitivity of aqua1 plants. This different response might be due to a different transcription of PaNRAMP3 genes that were more transcribed in wt line because of the importance of this gene in Cd compartmentalization.

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Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Dark Septate Endophytes in the Roots of Lycium ruthenicum in the Desert Region of Northwest China

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040648 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 648

Author(s):

Li Han ◽

Jingxin Shi ◽

Chao He ◽

Xueli He

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Spatial Dynamics ◽

Northwest China ◽

Dark Septate Endophytes ◽

Desert Ecosystems ◽

Lycium Ruthenicum ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Application Potential ◽

First Time ◽

Hydrolyzable Nitrogen

With the intensification of desertification in northwest China, drought has become a serious environmental problem restricting plant growth and ecological restoration. Recently, dark septate endophytes (DSEs) have attracted more attention because of their ability to improve plants’ resistance to drought. Here, we investigated DSE colonization and species diversity in roots of Lycium ruthenicum collected from Anxi and Minqin, in northwest China, during July, September, and December 2019. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of seasonality and sampling sites on DSEs. In different seasons, DSE colonization varied with the phenology of L. ruthenicum. At different sites, DSE colonization significantly differed. Four isolates were reported in desert ecosystems for the first time. The results showed microsclerotial colonization was directly affected by changing seasons, while hyphal colonization and species diversity were directly affected by sampling sites. The soil organic carbon, pH, alkaline phosphatase, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were the main predictors of DSE colonization and species diversity. We conclude that DSE colonization and diversity showed significant spatial–temporal heterogeneity and were closely related to soil factors. This research provides a basis for the further understanding of the ecological functions of DSEs and their application potential for vegetative restoration and agricultural cultivation in drylands.

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Root excretion and plant tolerance to cadmium toxicity - a review

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/2205-pse ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 193-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 130

Author(s):

J. Dong ◽

W.H. Mao ◽

G.P. Zhang ◽

F.B. Wu ◽

Y. Cai

Keyword(s):

Root Exudates ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Cadmium Toxicity ◽

Research Work ◽

Future Research ◽

Rhizosphere Ph ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Rhizosphere Environment ◽

Safe Food ◽

Tolerance To Cadmium

Significant quantities of Cd have been added to soils globally due to various anthropogenic activities, posing a serious threat to safe food production and human health. Rhizosphere, as an important interface of soil and plant, plays a significant role in the agro-environmental system. This article presents a review of relationship between root excretion and microorganisms and plant resistance to Cd toxicity and possible mechanisms. Root exudates markedly altered in species and quantity under Cd stress. Root exudates can affect Cd absorption by plants through changing the physical and chemical characteristics of rhizospheres. The influence of root exudates on Cd bioavailability and toxicity may include modifying the rhizosphere pH and Eh, chelating/complexing and depositing with Cd ions, and altering the community construction, the numbers and activities of rhizospheric microbes. In this paper, the methods to reduce the transfer of Cd in soil-plant system by adjusting rhizosphere environment are discussed, and some aspects are also proposed that should be emphasized in the future research work.

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Tolerance to cadmium cytotoxicity is induced by zinc through non-metallothionein mechanisms as well as metallothionein induction in cultured cells

Toxicology ◽

10.1016/s0300-483x(96)03565-2 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 118 (2-3) ◽

pp. 85-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Atsushi Mishima ◽

Chika Yamamoto ◽

Yasuyuki Fujiwara ◽

Toshiyuki Kaji

Keyword(s):

Cultured Cells ◽

Tolerance To Cadmium

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Mycorrhiza Reduces Adverse Effects of Dark Septate Endophytes (DSE) on Growth of Conifers

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0042865 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. e42865 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Vanessa Reininger ◽

Thomas N. Sieber

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Dark Septate Endophytes

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Inhibition of Yap2 activity by MAPKAP kinase Rck1 affects yeast tolerance to cadmium

FEBS Letters ◽

10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.049 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 589 (19PartB) ◽

pp. 2841-2849 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Daiane Mazzola ◽

Catarina Pimentel ◽

Soraia Caetano ◽

Catarina Amaral ◽

Regina Menezes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tolerance To Cadmium

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Tolerance to cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity following cadmium pretreatment

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/0041-008x(84)90283-7 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 308-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Peter L. Goering ◽

Curtis D. Klaassen

Keyword(s):

Tolerance To Cadmium

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Correction: Expression of a Vacuole-Localized BURP-Domain Protein from Soybean (SALI3-2) Enhances Tolerance to Cadmium and Copper Stresses

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0107337 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e107337

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Burp Domain ◽

Domain Protein ◽

Tolerance To Cadmium

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Alternative Pathway is Involved in Nitric Oxide-Enhanced Tolerance to Cadmium Stress in Barley Roots

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8120557 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 557 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Li He ◽

Xiaomin Wang ◽

Ruijun Feng ◽

Qiang He ◽

Shengwang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Tolerance ◽

Alternative Pathway ◽

Cadmium Stress ◽

Cd Stress ◽

No Donor ◽

Ros Accumulation ◽

Mda Content ◽

Scavenging Enzymes ◽

Tolerance To Cadmium

Alternative pathway (AP) has been widely accepted to be involved in enhancing tolerance to various environmental stresses. In this study, the role of AP in response to cadmium (Cd) stress in two barley varieties, highland barley (Kunlun14) and barley (Ganpi6), was investigated. Results showed that the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage (EL) level under Cd stress increased in two barley varieties. The expressions of alternative oxidase (AOX) genes (mainly AOX1a), AP capacity (Valt), and AOX protein amount were clearly induced more in Kunlun14 under Cd stress, and these parameters were further enhanced by applying sodium nitroprussid (SNP, a NO donor). Moreover, H2O2 and O2− contents were raised in the Cd-treated roots of two barley varieties, but they were markedly relieved by exogenous SNP. However, this mitigating effect was aggravated by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM, an AOX inhibitor), suggesting that AP contributes to NO-enhanced Cd stress tolerance. Further study demonstrated that the effect of SHAM application on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related scavenging enzymes and antioxidants was minimal. These observations showed that AP exerts an indispensable function in NO-enhanced Cd stress tolerance in two barley varieties. AP was mainly responsible for regulating the ROS accumulation to maintain the homeostasis of redox state.

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