scholarly journals Spatial prediction of wheat septoria leaf blotch (Septoria tritici) disease severity in Central Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tewodros T. Wakie ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Gabriel B. Senay ◽  
Abera Takele ◽  
Alemu Lencho
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Spatial Prediction ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Central Ethiopia

scholarly journals Assessing the Accuracy of Simulation Model for Septoria Leaf Blotch Disease Progress on Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 983-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El Jarroudi ◽  
P. Delfosse ◽  
H. Maraite ◽  
L. Hoffmann ◽  
B. Tychon
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
The Difference

A mechanistic model, PROCULTURE, for assessing the development of each of the last five leaf layers and the progress of Septoria leaf blotch, caused by Septoria tritici (teleomorph Mycosphaerella graminicola), has been applied on susceptible and weakly susceptible winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars in two locations (Everlange and Reuland) in Luxembourg over a 3-year period (2000 to 2002). A double performance assessment of PROCULTURE was conducted in this study. First, the capability of PROCULTURE to correctly simulate S. tritici incidence was checked. Second, the model's ability to accurately estimate disease severity was assessed on the basis of the difference between simulated and observed levels of disease development at each leaf layer. The model accurately predicted disease occurrence in the 2000 and 2002 seasons, on susceptible and semi-susceptible cultivars, with a probability of detection (POD) exceeding 0.90. However, in 2001, even though the POD never fell below 0.90, the false alarm ratio (FAR) was too high to consider the simulations satisfactory. Concerning the evaluation of disease severity modeling, statistical tests revealed accurate simulations performed by PROCULTURE for susceptible cultivars in 2000 and 2002. By contrast, for weakly susceptible cultivars, the model overestimated disease severity, especially for the upper leaves, for the same period.

scholarly journals Characteristics of wheat leaf diseases development in Latvia

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruta Bankina ◽  
Ilza Priekule
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Disease Epidemics

The field observations were carried out in 1999-2004 on 29 fields in Latvia. Incidence and severities of wheat leaf diseases were determined. Tan pot caused by <i>Drechslera tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i> and Septoria leaf blotch, induced by <i>Septoria tritici</i> were the most harmful diseases at the time of research (incidence 10-100% and 1-100%, respectively). Also the incidence of powdery mildew, caused by <i>Blomeria graminis</i> was high (4-100%), while that of rusts (<i>Puccinia tritici</i> and <i>P. striiformis</i>) was very low. Changes in disease epidemics were determined and showed the differences between the analyzed diseases.

scholarly journals Fungicides against diseases of lawn grass leaves

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
S. Retman ◽  
O. Nychyporuk ◽  
О. Shevchuk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Positive Effect

Goal. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of fungicides of various chemical groups against the leaf diseases turfgrass. Methods. The research was carried out in 2015—2017 on the lawn mixture «Universal» in the zone of the Polissya of Ukraine. The effect of fungicides of various chemical groups was investigated (Impact T, SC; Bumper Super, EC; Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC; Alto Super 300 EC, EC; Maxim 025 FS, FS; Horus 75 WG, WG). Fungicides were applied twice. The first spraying was carried out when development of diseases in control plot reached 3—5%, the second — in 30 days. The assessments were performed according to generally accepted methods, disease spread, disease severity and technical efficiency of pesticides were determined. Results. During the period of research, the most common leaf diseases of turfgrass, which eveloped annually and had a significant severity during the growing season, were powdery mildew and septoria leaf blotch. After two-time spraying, the technical efficiency of fungicides against powdery mildew reached 82.2—92.2%, against septoria leaf blotch up to 80.2%. The most effective against powdery mildew was the use of Alto Super 330 EC, EC (0.5 l / ha), Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC (0.75 l / ha) and tank mixture of Maxim 025 FS, FS (0.75 l / ha and 1.0 l / ha) with Horus 75 WG, VH (0.6 kg / ha). Against the septoria leaf blotch, the highest efficiency was shown by Alto Super 330 EC, EC (0.5 l / ha), Bumper Super, EC (0.8 l / ha) and Maxim 025 FS, FS (1.0 l / ha) + Horus 75 WG, WG (0.6 kg / ha). In addition, due to the reduction of disease severity, a positive effect of fungicides on the quality of the lawn was achieved and the projective coating increased to 92—93%. Conclusion. The use of fungicides contributes to the reduction of disease and the formation of quality herbs. The best indicators against flour dew and septoriosis of leaves were obtained for the treatment of Alto Super 330 EC, CE (0.5 l / ha) and tank Maxim 025 FS, tc.s. (1.0 l / ha) + Horus 75 WG, VH (0.6 kg / ha).

scholarly journals Measuring and Modeling Crop Loss of Wheat Caused by Septoria Leaf Blotch in Seven Cultivars and Lines in Iran

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shideh Mojerlou ◽  
Naser Safaie ◽  
Azizollah Alizadeh ◽  
Fatemeh Khelghatibana
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Integral Model ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch

Measuring and Modeling Crop Loss of Wheat Caused by Septoria Leaf Blotch in Seven Cultivars and Lines in IranSeptoria leaf blotch caused bySeptoria tritici, is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide including Iran. To determine yield reduction caused by this disease in Golestan province, field experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with four replications and five wheat cvs. Tajan, Zagros, Shiroodi, Koohdasht, Shanghai and two lines N-80-6 and N-80-19 at Gorgan Research Station. Artificial inoculation was performed using spore suspension at three growth stages (Zadoks scale) including tillering (GS 37), stem elongation (GS 45) and flag leaf opening (GS 53). Control plots were sprayed with water. In this study, the 1 000 kernel weight (TKW), grain yield and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) during growth season were measured. Statistical analysis showed that the levels of yield reduction was different in various studied wheat cultivars and lines and was reduced by 30 to 50%. The highest losses were observed for cvs. Zagros and Tajan with 48.86% and 47.41% of grain yield reduction, respectively. There was a positive correlation between grain yield reduction and AUDPC. The results of crop loss modelling using integral and multiple point regression models showed that the integral model (L = 1230.91+1.37AUDPC) in which AUDPC and crop loss percentages were independent and dependent variables, respectively, could explain more than 95% of AUDPC variations in relation to crop loss in all cultivars in two years. In the study of integral model for each cultivar, cv. Shiroodi showed the highest fitness. In multiple point models, disease severity at various dates was considered as independent variables and crop loss percentage as dependent variable. This model with the highest coefficient of determination had the best fitness for crop loss estimation. Besides, the results showed that the disease severity at GS37, GS53 and GS91 stages (Zadok's scale) was more important for crop loss prediction than that in other phenological stages.

scholarly journals Tramesan Elicits Durum Wheat Defence Against the Septoria Leaf Blotch Complex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALERIA Scala ◽  
Chiara Pietricola ◽  
valentina farina ◽  
marzia beccaccioli ◽  
slaven zjalic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Wheat Field

The Septoria Leaf Blotch Complex (SLBC), caused by the two ascomycetes Zymoseptoria tritici and Parastagonospora nodorum, can reduce global yearly yield of wheat by up to 50%. In the last decade in Italy, SLBC incidence has increased; notably, durum wheat has proven to be more susceptible than common wheat. Field fungicide treatment can efficiently control these pathogens, but it leads to the emergence of resistant strains and adversely affects human and animal health, and the environment. Our previous studies indicated that active compounds produced by Trametes versicolor can restrict the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and the biosynthesis of their secondary metabolites (e.g. mycotoxins). Specifically, we identified Tramesan: a 23 KDa -heteropolysaccharide secreted by T. versicolor that acts as a pro-antioxidant molecule in animal cells, fungi, and plants. Foliar-spraying of Tramesan (3.3 &micro;M) in SLBC-susceptible varieties of durum significantly diminished symptoms of Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch (SNB) and Septoria Tritici Blotch (STB) by 75% and 65%, respectively. Tests were conducted under controlled conditions as well as in field. We show that Tramesan elicits wheat defence against SNB and STB augmenting the synthesis of defence-related hormones, notably JA and SA, that in turn switch on the expression of markers of defence (PR1, PR4 inter alia). In field experiments, yield of durum wheat plants treated with Tramesan was similar to that of untreated ones. The results suggest the use of Tramesan for protecting durum wheat against SLBC.

scholarly journals Influence of crop growth and weather conditions on speckled leaf blotch in winter wheat

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Armour ◽  
S.L.H. Viljanen-Rollinson ◽  
S.F. Chng ◽  
R.C. Butler ◽  
M.G. Cromey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Significant Yield

Speckled leaf blotch (SLB) a foliar disease of winter wheat caused by Septoria tritici (teleomorph Mycosphaerella graminicola) can cause significant yield losses Wheat crops are at greatest risk during stem extension when the final three leaves emerge in close proximity to infected leaves lower in the canopy Winter wheat cv Consort was sown in May 2002 to test a model that links development of SLB in the field to weather events and to compare disease severity between plots treated with fungicide applied at three different crop growth stages Generally quite low disease levels were experienced associated with a small number of likely infection events This meant that the top three leaves were infected after they were fully emerged and SLB severity was low as there was little time for secondary cycles to occur before the leaves senesced Despite low disease severity there was a significant yield response to applied fungicide increasing with the number of applications The model requires some improvement

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