scholarly journals Influence of crop growth and weather conditions on speckled leaf blotch in winter wheat

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Armour ◽  
S.L.H. Viljanen-Rollinson ◽  
S.F. Chng ◽  
R.C. Butler ◽  
M.G. Cromey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Significant Yield

Speckled leaf blotch (SLB) a foliar disease of winter wheat caused by Septoria tritici (teleomorph Mycosphaerella graminicola) can cause significant yield losses Wheat crops are at greatest risk during stem extension when the final three leaves emerge in close proximity to infected leaves lower in the canopy Winter wheat cv Consort was sown in May 2002 to test a model that links development of SLB in the field to weather events and to compare disease severity between plots treated with fungicide applied at three different crop growth stages Generally quite low disease levels were experienced associated with a small number of likely infection events This meant that the top three leaves were infected after they were fully emerged and SLB severity was low as there was little time for secondary cycles to occur before the leaves senesced Despite low disease severity there was a significant yield response to applied fungicide increasing with the number of applications The model requires some improvement

scholarly journals Assessing the Accuracy of Simulation Model for Septoria Leaf Blotch Disease Progress on Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 983-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El Jarroudi ◽  
P. Delfosse ◽  
H. Maraite ◽  
L. Hoffmann ◽  
B. Tychon
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
The Difference

A mechanistic model, PROCULTURE, for assessing the development of each of the last five leaf layers and the progress of Septoria leaf blotch, caused by Septoria tritici (teleomorph Mycosphaerella graminicola), has been applied on susceptible and weakly susceptible winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars in two locations (Everlange and Reuland) in Luxembourg over a 3-year period (2000 to 2002). A double performance assessment of PROCULTURE was conducted in this study. First, the capability of PROCULTURE to correctly simulate S. tritici incidence was checked. Second, the model's ability to accurately estimate disease severity was assessed on the basis of the difference between simulated and observed levels of disease development at each leaf layer. The model accurately predicted disease occurrence in the 2000 and 2002 seasons, on susceptible and semi-susceptible cultivars, with a probability of detection (POD) exceeding 0.90. However, in 2001, even though the POD never fell below 0.90, the false alarm ratio (FAR) was too high to consider the simulations satisfactory. Concerning the evaluation of disease severity modeling, statistical tests revealed accurate simulations performed by PROCULTURE for susceptible cultivars in 2000 and 2002. By contrast, for weakly susceptible cultivars, the model overestimated disease severity, especially for the upper leaves, for the same period.

Irrigation of field peas (Pisum sativum): response to timing at different crop growth stages

1999 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. KNOTT
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Crop Growth Stages ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The response of two cultivars of dry harvest field peas (Pisum sativum), Solara and Bohatyr, to irrigation at different growth stages was studied on light soils overlying sand in Nottinghamshire, England in 1990, when the spring was particularly dry, in 1991 which had a dry spring and summer and in contrast, 1992, when rainfall was greater compared with the long-term (40 year) mean.Solara, short haulmed and semi-leafless was more sensitive to drought than the tall conventional-leaved cultivar Bohatyr and gave a greater yield response to irrigation, particularly at the vegetative growth stage in the first two dry years 1990 and 1991, of 108% and 55% respectively, compared with unirrigated plots. Bohatyr was less sensitive to the timing of single applications.In all years, peas irrigated throughout on several occasions produced the highest yields, but this was the least efficient use of water.

scholarly journals Trends of weather-related impacts on Austrian crop production under changing climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Thaler ◽  
Josef Eitzinger ◽  
Gerhard Kubu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Crop Water

<p>Weather-related risks can affect crop growth and yield potentials directly (e.g. heat, frost, drought) and indirectly (e.g. through biotic factors such as pests). Due to climate change, severe shifts of cropping risks may occur, where farmers need to adapt effectively and in time to increase the resilience of existing cropping systems. For example, since the early 21st century, Europe has experienced a series of exceptionally dry and warmer than usual weather conditions (2003, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2018) which led to severe droughts with devastating impacts in agriculture on crop yields and pasture productivity.</p><p>Austria has experienced above-average warming in the period since 1880. While the global average surface temperature has increased by almost 1°C, the warming in Austria during this period was nearly 2°C. Higher temperatures, changing precipitation patterns and more severe and frequent extreme weather events will significantly affect weather-sensitive sectors, especially agriculture. Therefore, the development of sound adaptation and mitigation strategies towards a "climate-intelligent agriculture" is crucial to improve the resilience of agricultural systems to climate change and increased climate variability. Within the project AGROFORECAST a set of weather-related risk indicators and tailored recommendations for optimizing crop management options are developed and tested for various forecast or prediction lead times (short term management: 10 days - 6 months; long term strategic planning: climate scenarios) to better inform farmers of upcoming weather and climate challenges.</p><p>Here we present trends of various types of long-term weather-related impacts on Austrian crop production under past (1980-2020) and future periods (2035-2065). For that purpose, agro-climatic risk indicators and crop production indicators are determined in selected case study regions with the help of models. We use for the past period Austrian gridded weather data set (INCA) as well as different regionalized climate scenarios of the Austrian Climate Change Projections ÖKS15. The calculation of the agro-climatic indicators is carried out by the existing AGRICLIM model and the GIS-based ARIS software, which was developed for estimating the impact of adverse weather conditions on crops. The crop growth model AQUACROP is used for analysing soil-crop water balance parameters, crop yields and future crop water demand.</p><p>Depending on the climatic region, a more or less clear shift in the various agro-climatic indices can be expected towards 2050, e.g. the number of "heat-stress-days" for winter wheat increases significantly in eastern Austria. Furthermore, a decreasing trend in maize yield is simulated, whereas a mean increase in yield of spring barley and winter wheat can be expected under selected scenarios. Other agro-climatic risk indicators analysed include pest algorithms, risks from frost occurrence, overwintering conditions, climatic crop growing conditions, field workability and others, which can add additional impacts on crop yield variability, not considered by crop models.</p>

scholarly journals Control of speckled leaf blotch of wheat with fungicides

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
M.G. Cromey ◽  
M. Braithwaite ◽  
B.J.R. Alexander ◽  
S. Ganev ◽  
T.R. Cookson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
The South ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Disease Pressure

Two field trials were conducted in autumnsown wheat cv Domino which is highly susceptible to speckled leaf blotch in Central and South Canterbury Eighteen fungicide treatments were applied at two growth stages (tillering and ear emergence) at the manufacturers recommended rates Severity of speckled leaf blotch and other diseases was assessed on several occasions Speckled leaf blotch was severe in the South Canterbury trial but only low levels of the disease were recorded in the central Canterbury trial Most fungicides reduced disease severity and increased yield especially in the South Canterbury trial where disease pressure was highest and yield increases greater than 30 were recorded The second fungicide application appeared to provide most of the increase in yield The increases in thousand grain weights following fungicide applications contributed approximately onethird of the total yield increases in the South Canterbury trial and half in the Central Canterbury trial

scholarly journals Influence of crop growth and structure on the risk of epidemics by Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici) in winter wheat

1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. LOVELL ◽  
S.R. PARKER ◽  
T. HUNTER ◽  
D.J. ROYLE ◽  
R.R. COKER
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Septoria Tritici

scholarly journals Response of susceptible, partially resistant and resistant winter wheat cultivars to Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici – short communication

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
L. Věchet
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Small Plot

Response of the susceptible cultivar Kanzler, the partially resistant cultivar Mikon and the resistant cultivar Asta (genes of resistance Pm2, Pm6) to powdery, were tested in two years small plot-experiments. Disease severity was influenced by weather conditions. There were highly significant differences in disease severity, infection type and number of diseased plants between the susceptible cultivar and the cultivars with partial resistance and specific resistance. Smaller differences were between the partially resistant cultivar and the resistant cultivar than between the cultivar with partial resistance and the susceptible cultivar. The most affected leaf was the third leaf from the top in all tested cultivars. Among these cultivars were differences in the highest development of disease in single growth stages.

scholarly journals Yield increases due to fungicide control of leaf blotch diseases in wheat and barley as a basis for IPM decision-making in the Nordic-Baltic region

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Jalli ◽  
Janne Kaseva ◽  
Björn Andersson ◽  
Andrea Ficke ◽  
Lise Nistrup-Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Stagonospora Nodorum ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch

Abstract Fungal plant diseases driven by weather factors are common in European wheat and barley crops. Among these, septoria tritici blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici), tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), and stagonospora nodorum blotch (Parastagonospora nodorum) are common in the Nordic-Baltic region at variable incidence and severity both in spring and winter wheat fields. In spring barley, net blotch (Pyrenophora teres), scald (Rhynchosporium graminicola, syn. Rhynchosporium commune) and ramularia leaf spot (Ramularia collo-cygni) are common yield limiting foliar diseases. We analysed data from 449 field trials from 2007 to 2017 in wheat and barley crops in the Nordic-Baltic region and explored the differences in severity of leaf blotch diseases between countries and years, and the impact of the diseases on yield. In the experiments, septoria tritici blotch dominated in winter wheat in Denmark and southern Sweden; while in Lithuania, both septoria tritici blotch and tan spot were common. In spring wheat, stagonospora nodorum blotch dominated in Norway and tan spot in Finland. Net blotch and ramularia leaf blotch were the most severe barley diseases over large areas, while scald occurred more locally and had less yield impact in all countries. Leaf blotch diseases, with severity >50% at DC 73–77, caused an average yield loss of 1072 kg/ha in winter wheat and 1114 kg/ha in spring barley across all countries over 5 years. These data verify a large regional and yearly variation in disease severity, distribution and impact on yield, emphasizing the need to adapt fungicide applications to the actual need based on locally adapted risk assessment systems.

WEATHER AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES, MULTIPLE PRACTICES AND RISK EXPOSURES: PANEL DATA EVIDENCE FROM ETHIOPIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050009
Author(s):  
HAILEMARIAM TEKLEWOLD ◽  
ALEMU MEKONNEN
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Crop Growth Stages ◽  
Variable Weather ◽  
Risk Reducing

This study investigates the effects of combinations of climate smart agricultural practices on risk exposure and cost of risk. We do this by examining the different risk components — mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis — in a multinomial treatment effects framework by controlling weather variables for key stages of crop growth. We found that adoption of combinations of practices is widely viewed as a risk-reducing insurance strategy that can increase farmers’ resilience to production risk. The hypothesis of equality of weather parameters across crop development stages is also rejected. The heterogeneous effects of weather across crop growth stages have important implications for climate change adaptation to maximize quasi-option value. For a country that has the vision to build a climate-resilient economy, this knowledge is valuable to identify a combination of climate smart practices that minimizes production risk under variable weather conditions.

Decision Models for Fungicide Applications for Soybean Rust

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Kelly ◽  
David L. Wright ◽  
Nicholas S. Dufault ◽  
James J. Marois
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Decision Models ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Crop Growth Stage ◽  
Application Decision ◽  
Disease Pressure

Soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, can be a devastating disease to southeastern U.S. soybean (Glycine max) production. Fungicides can be applied to avoid yield loss, but growers need to know when an application will be most beneficial. To better understand and manage SBR epidemics in the southeastern U.S., fungicide application decision models were developed and validated. Application decision models were developed based on SBR presence and hours of leaf wetness or amount of cumulative rain and compared to non-treated controls and applications based on crop growth stage. The models were evaluated in 2009, 2010, and 2011. High disease pressure and conducive weather conditions in 2009 resulted in significantly greater disease severity and lower yields in non-treated plots compared to treated plots. In 2010 and 2011, low disease pressure and drought conditions resulted in no significant differences in disease severity or yields among most treatments. Results indicate two fungicide applications during early reproductive stage can reduce yield loss due to SBR, but subsequent applications need to be determined based on disease pressure, weather conditions, and crop growth stage. Accepted for publication 1 March 2015. Published 1 May 2015.

scholarly journals Modeling Soil Water Content and Crop-Growth Metrics in a Wheat Field in the North China Plain Using RZWQM2

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1245
Author(s):  
Kun Du ◽  
Yunfeng Qiao ◽  
Qiuying Zhang ◽  
Fadong Li ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain

Soil water content (SWC) is an important factor restricting crop growth and yield in cropland ecosystems. The observation and simulation of soil moisture contribute greatly to improving water-use efficiency and crop yield. This study was conducted at the Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station in the North China Plain. The study period was across the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth stages from 2017 to 2019. A cosmic-ray neutron probe was used to monitor the continuous daily SWC. Furthermore, the crop leaf area index (LAI), yield, and aboveground biomass of winter wheat were determined. The root zone quality model 2 (RZWQM2) was used to simulate and validate the SWC, crop LAI, yield, and aboveground biomass. The results showed that the simulation errors of SWC were minute across the wheat growth stages and mature stages in 2017–2019. The root mean square error (RMSE) and relative root mean square error (RRMSE) of the SWC simulation at the jointing stage of winter wheat were 0.0296 and 0.1605 in 2017–2018, and 0.0265 and 0.1480 in 2018–2019, respectively. During the rain-affected days, the RMSE (0.0253) and RRMSE (0.0980) for 2017–2018 were significantly lower than those of 2018–2019 (0.0301 and 0.1458, respectively), indicating that rain events decreased the model accuracy in the dry years compared to the wet years. The simulated LAIs were significantly higher than the measured values. The simulated yield value of winter wheat was 5.61% lower and 3.92% higher than the measured yield in 2017–2018 and in 2018–2019, respectively. The simulated value of aboveground biomass was significantly (45.48%) lower than the measured value in 2017–2018. This study showed that, compared with the dry and cold wheat growth period of 2018–2019, the higher precipitation and temperature in 2017–2018 led to a poorer simulation of SWC and crop-growth components. This study indicated that annual abnormal rainfall and temperature had a significant influence on the simulation of SWC and wheat growth, especially under intensive climate-change stress conditions.

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