Symbiosis with Frankia sp. benefits the establishment of Alnus viridis ssp. crispa and Alnus incana ssp. rugosa in tailings sand from the Canadian oil sands industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bissonnette ◽  
B. Fahlman ◽  
K.M. Peru ◽  
D.P. Khasa ◽  
C.W. Greer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
Alnus Viridis ◽  
Tailings Sand

Performance of ectomycorrhizal alders exposed to specific Canadian oil sands tailing stressors under in vivo bipartite symbiotic conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Beaudoin-Nadeau ◽  
André Gagné ◽  
Cyntia Bissonnette ◽  
Pier-Anne Bélanger ◽  
J. André Fortin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
In Vivo Selection ◽  
Alnus Viridis ◽  
Leaf Necrosis ◽  
Different Strains

Canadian oil sands tailings are predominately sodic residues contaminated by hydrocarbons such as naphthenic acids. These conditions are harsh for plant development. In this study, we evaluated the effect of inoculating roots of Alnus viridis ssp. crispa and Alnus incana ssp. rugosa with ectomycorrhizal fungi in the presence of tailings compounds. Seedlings were inoculated with 7 different strains of Paxillus involutus and Alpova diplophloeus and were grown under different treatments of NaCl, Na2SO4, and naphthenic acids in a growth chamber. Afterwards, seedling survival, height, dry biomass, leaf necrosis, and root mycorrhization rate were measured. Paxillus involutus Mai was the most successful strain in enhancing alder survival, health, and growth. Seedlings inoculated with this strain displayed a 25% increase in survival rate, 2-fold greater biomass, and 2-fold less leaf necrosis compared with controls. Contrary to our expectations, A. diplophloeus was not as effective as P. involutus in improving seedling fitness, likely because it did not form ectomycorrhizae on roots of either alder species. High intraspecific variation characterized strains of P. involutus in their ability to stimulate alder height and growth and to minimize leaf necrosis. We conclude that in vivo selection under bipartite symbiotic conditions is essential to select effective strains that will be of use for the revegetation and reclamation of derelict lands.

Formation of cluster roots in Alnus incana ssp. rugosa and other Alnus species

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1684-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd M. Hurd ◽  
Christa R. Schwintzer
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Cluster Roots ◽  
Alnus Rubra ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
Alnus Viridis ◽  
Speckled Alder ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution

Small numbers of cluster roots were found on older roots of Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (speckled alder) shrubs in the field at 2 of 11 sites. Cluster roots also formed infrequently in speckled alder grown hydroponically in complete nutrient solution. No cluster roots formed in solutions lacking P or Fe. Small numbers of cluster roots also formed in Alnus glutinosa grown hydroponically in the presence of P but not in its absence. In contrast, Alnus rubra produced small numbers of cluster roots in the absence of P but not in its presence. No cluster roots formed in Alnus viridis ssp. crispa. Cluster roots are probably not important for nutrient uptake in speckled alder because they form infrequently both in the field and in hydroponic culture. Keywords: Alnus incana ssp. rugosa, Alnus glutinosa, Alnus rubra, Alnus viridis ssp. crispa, cluster roots, proteoid roots.

Performance evaluation of a tailings pond seepage collection system

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1305-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Yasuda ◽  
Neil R. Thomson ◽  
Jim F. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Chemical Tracers ◽  
Tailings Pond ◽  
Tailings Sand ◽  
Groundwater Flow Modelling ◽  
Oil Sands Mining

Disposal of oil sands tailings in ponds is a common method used by oil sands operators to manage the large volume of tailings generated from oil sands mining. This study considered a large tailings pond with an 11 km long ring dyke that was constructed of permeable tailings sand and equipped with drains and seepage collection ditches designed to collect process-affected water (PAW) from the dyke. The effectiveness of this seepage collection system was examined at the downgradient end of the tailings pond and dyke system using a focussed field investigation supported by groundwater flow modelling. A network of piezometers and drive points were installed in a 1 km2 area to facilitate hydraulic measurements and water sampling to characterize the surface water and groundwater flow system. Chemical tracers suggest migration of PAW in a shallow, permeable sand deposit beyond an inner seepage collection ditch, but elevated hydraulic heads beyond the outer ditch have prevented further migration. A groundwater flow model was used to simulate the observed hydraulic dyke conditions and estimate the amount of PAW discharging into the shallow aquifer in the study area. Under the present hydraulic conditions, the seepage collection system is currently working to effectively contain PAW.

Variability of nitrogen-fixing Frankia on Alnus species

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Markham
Keyword(s):  
Alnus Rubra ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Spore Type ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Alnus Viridis ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

Plants maintain mutualistic symbioses with multiple symbiont genotypes that differ in the benefits they provide. To investigate differences in the effect of nitrogen-fixing Frankia on Alnus species, spore-producing (sp+) nodules from Alnus rubra Bong. and Alnus incana subsp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen and non-spore-producing (sp–) nodules from Alnus viridis subsp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill, A. rubra, and A. incana subsp. rugosa were collected from each of four different populations and used to inoculate all three Alnus species. As expected, sp+ Frankia produced significantly more nodules on all three species. However, A. crispa, which normally does not have sp+ nodules in the field, was more susceptible to a high level of infection by sp+ Frankia in general, and by any source of sp+ Frankia in particular, whereas A. incana subsp. rugosa, which has the highest abundance of sp+ in the field, was less susceptible to high levels of infection. This suggests that A. incana subsp. rugosa develops resistance to high levels of infection. The infectivity of an sp+ Frankia source on A. viridis subsp. crispa and A. rubra was positively correlated with the proportion of sp+ nodules on the site it was collected from, suggesting that the variation in the abundance of sp+ in the field is caused by sp+ Frankia with different levels of infectivity. There was no effect of Frankia sources on nodule allocation. Plant growth was positively correlated with the specific nodule mass and the specific nodule activity, and negatively correlated with the nodule number per plant. Sp+ Frankia resulted in significantly smaller plants in A. rubra. While there was no overall sp+ type effect on the growth of A. viridis subsp. crispa, the largest plants always resulted when they were inoculated with sp–, and the smallest with sp+ Frankia. Neither spore type nor inoculum source had any effect on the performance of A. rugosa. These results suggest that Alnus species remain susceptible to infection by both Frankia spore types, but are able to modulate the effectiveness of these spore types when they are the common symbionts in the field.

scholarly journals Phosphorus availability and fractionation vary among forest site types in reconstructed oil sands soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1372-1380
Author(s):  
Mihiri C.W. Manimel Wadu ◽  
Min Duan ◽  
Scott X. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Available P ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Athabasca Oil Sands Region ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
Tailings Sand

We investigated relationships between phosphorus (P) availability and fractionation and growth of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in the Athabasca oil sands region. The study sites had peat – mineral soil mix (PMM) as cover soil over a tailings sand substrate planted to pine or an overburden substrate planted to spruce. Available P was determined using a modified Kelowna extraction and sequentially extracted to obtain exchangeable, Fe- and Al-bound, Ca- and Mg-bound, organic, and residual P. The organic P content in PMM explained 83% and 65% of the variations in available P in the pine and spruce sites, respectively. Phosphorus bound to Fe and Al in PMM was also positively related to available P on pine sites (p < 0.001) but not on spruce sites. Available P in PMM was correlated with aboveground biomass increment of spruce (p < 0.05) and explained 78% of the variation in foliar P. Foliar P in both pine and spruce was lower than the adequate level for tree growth. Low foliar P and available P in PMM affect the successful establishment of pine and spruce trees on the reclaimed sites, and proper P nutrition management is important to overcome P limitation in reclaimed soils.

scholarly journals Design and field experimentation of a robotic system for tailings characterization

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas A. Olmedo ◽  
Michael G. Lipsett
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Current System ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Parameter Estimations ◽  
Tailings Sand ◽  
Reclaimed Soil ◽  
Parameter Estimation Methods

There is an ongoing requirement to conduct ground surveys of engineered mine tailings deposits to monitor dewatering performance and consolidation prior to completing reclamation work. The deposit variability can make such surveys hazardous for humans. A rover is described that has been developed and deployed for characterizing reclaimed soil regions. This paper presents the functional requirements for unmanned ground vehicles used in this application, including the need for low-risk and timely subsurface sampling and terrain parameter estimations on highly uncertain terrains. Developments of the field-ready prototype wheeled rover are summarized, including tooling; and field tests are described in an industrial site at an Athabasca oil sands facility. Experiments on tailings treatment cells showed the feasibility of the sampling technologies and parameter estimation methods based on classical terramechanics models. The rover capabilities were further demonstrated by collecting samples from production treatment cells and estimating the cohesion and internal friction angle of tailings sand used in fluid containment dykes. The limitations of the current system helped identify future work for the design and development of new mobile robot systems for tailings characterization.

Analytical Approach to Estimate Salt Release from Tailings Sand Hummocks in Oil Sands Mine Closure

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjeet M. Nagare ◽  
Young-Jin Park ◽  
S. Lee Barbour
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Mine Closure ◽  
Tailings Sand

Phytophthora alni. [Distribution map].

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Alnus Viridis ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phytophthora alni Brasier & S.A. Kirk. Fungi: Oomycota: Peronosporales. Hosts: common alder (Alnus glutinosa), grey alder (Alnus incana), Italian alder (Alnus cordata) and green alder (Alnus viridis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, UK, England and Wales, Scotland), North America (USA, Alaska).

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