Effects of the Grain for Green Program on the water ecosystem services in an arid area of China—Using the Shiyang River Basin as an example

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 659-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchun Wang ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Jiewen Fu ◽  
Wei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Arid Area ◽  
Grain For Green ◽  
Shiyang River Basin ◽  
Grain For Green Program ◽  
Water Ecosystem

scholarly journals Where Do Ecosystem Services Come From? Assessing and Mapping Stakeholder Perceptions on Water Ecosystem Services in the Muga River Basin (Catalonia, Spain)

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Enrica Garau ◽  
Josep Vila-Subiros ◽  
Josep Pueyo-Ros ◽  
Anna Ribas Palom
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Reductions in water availability and increasing rainfall variability are generating a narrative of growing competition for water in the Mediterranean basin. In this article, we explore the distribution and importance of water resources in the Muga River Basin (Catalonia, Spain) based on key stakeholders’ perceptions. We performed a sociocultural evaluation of the main water ecosystem services in the region through stakeholder interviews and participatory mapping. The basin was generally perceived as a hotspot of ecosystem services, but we detected varying opinions and considerable differences in the perceptions of importance and spatial distribution of water ecosystem services. These discrepancies were linked to the varying levels of stakeholders’ dependence on water. Our findings are important for contributing to correct water planning and management in the river basin, which is a complex water social system marked by conflicts between different stakeholder groups vying for the same resource. This complex situation requires bottom-up strategies to create transparent, participatory decision-making models.

Trade-offs and Synergies of Ecosystem Services in Karst Area of China Driven by Grain-for-Green Program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Grain For Green ◽  
Grain For Green Program ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Impact

<p>As an important means regulating the relationship between human and natural ecosystem, ecological restoration program plays a key role in restoring ecosystem functions. The Grain-for-Green Program (GFGP, One of the world’s most ambitious ecosystem conservation set-aside programs aims to transfer farmland on steep slopes to forestland or grassland to increase vegetation coverage) has been widely implemented from 1999 to 2015 and exerted significant influence on land use and ecosystem services (ESs). In this study, three ecological models (InVEST, RUSLE, and CASA) were used to accurately calculate the three key types of ESs, water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), and net primary production (NPP) in Karst area of southwestern China from 1982 to 2015. The impact of GFGP on ESs and trade-offs was analyzed. It provides practical guidance in carrying out ecological regulation in Karst area of China under global climate change. Results showed that ESs and trade-offs had changed dramatically driven by GFGP . In detail, temporally, SC and NPP exhibited an increasing trend, while WY exhibited a decreasing trend. Spatially, SC basically decreased from west to east; NPP basically increased from north to south; WY basically increased from west to east; NPP and SC, SC and WY developed in the direction of trade-offs driven by the GFGP, while NPP and WY developed in the direction of synergy. Therefore, future ecosystem management and restoration policy-making should consider trade-offs of ESs so as to achieve sustainable provision of ESs.</p>

Response of Ecological Services Value to Land Use Change in the Shiyang River Basin: A Case Study in Wuwei Region

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5116-5120
Author(s):  
Pei Ji Shi ◽  
Xue Bin Zhang ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
Xue Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Shiyang River Basin ◽  
Unused Land

Based on the detailed survey of land use change in Shiyang river basin, referencing Costanza, and Xie et al’ research results of the value of ecosystem services, this article probed the variation of land use and value of ecosystem service in Wuwei region. The results are: from 1997 to 2006, the area of woodland, construction land and garden land are increasing, while farmland, grassland, water and unused land are continuing to decrease. Land-use intensity is gradually increasing, the land use pattern towards to a centralized style. The values of ecosystem services are overall upward, and change faster than ever. The main part of the value of ecosystem service is constituted by the value of grassland, woodland and farmland. So it’s important to control the expansion of urban construction, strength the protection of the water, restore and enhance regional ecosystem services in the future.

scholarly journals Did Ecological Restoration Hit Its Mark? Monitoring and Assessing Ecological Changes in the Grain for Green Program Region Using Multi-source Satellite Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhi Tang ◽  
Quanqin Shao ◽  
Jiyuan Liu ◽  
Haiyang Zhang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Grain For Green ◽  
Ecosystem Quality ◽  
Grain For Green Program ◽  
Ecological Changes

Ecological restoration programs are expected to control environmental deterioration and enhance ecosystem functions under a scenario of increasing human disturbance. The largest ecological restoration program ever implemented in China, the first round of the countrywide Grain for Green Program (GGP), finished in 2010. However, it is not known whether the ecological changes that resulted from the GGP met the restoration goal across the whole implementation region. In this study, we monitored and assessed the ecological changes in the whole GGP region in China over the lifetime of the first round of implementation (2000–2010), by establishing a comprehensive assessment indicator system composed of ecosystem pattern, ecosystem quality (EQ), and key ecosystem services (ESs). Remote sensing interpretation, ecological model simulations based on multi-source images, and trend analysis were used to generate land use and land cover (LULC) datasets and estimate ES and ESs indicators. Results showed that while forest increased by 0.77%, artificial land increased more intensely by 22.38%, and cropland and grassland decreased by 1.81% and 0.68%, respectively. The interconversion of cropland and forest played a primary role in ecosystem pattern change. The increase in ecosystem quality measures, including fractional vegetation cover (0.1459% yr−1), leaf area index (0.0121 yr−1), and net primary productivity (2.6958 gC m−2 yr−1), and the mitigation of ecosystem services deterioration in soil water loss (−0.0841 t ha yr−1) and soil wind loss (−1.0071 t ha yr−1) in the GGP region, indicated the positive ecological change in the GGP region to some extent, while southern GGP subregions improved more than the those in the north on the whole. The GGP implementation other than climate change impacted ecological change, with contributions of 14.23%, 9.94%, 8.23%, 30.45%, and 18.05% in the ecological outputs mentioned above, respectively. However, the water regulation did not improve (−2283 t km−2 yr−1), revealing trade-offs between ecosystem services and inappropriate afforestation in ecological restoration programs. Future GGP implementation should change the practice of large-scale afforestation, and focus more on the restoration of existing forest and cultivation of young plantings, formulating rational and specific plans and designs for afforestation areas through the establishment of near-natural vegetation communities, instead of single-species plantations, guided by regional climate and geographical characteristics.

Water Ecosystem Services and their Value — A Case Study in Luan River Basin, North China

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai Lian Hao ◽  
Deng Hua Yan ◽  
Tian Ling Qin ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Jun Yin
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Value Of Water

Under a scenario of global climate change, the water ecosystem services of Luan River basin have attracted considerable public attention. In this paper, the term of water ecosystem services is described as Green water and blue water formed from the water cycle process to provide the conditions and utility for maintaining the structure and process of forest, grassland, wetland, lake, river ecosystem. In this study, we estimated the magnitudes and economic values of the water ecosystem services in Luan River basin. The economic value of water ecosystem services in Luan River basin was estimated to be 778.32×108Yuan in 2000. The ratios of the economic values of water direct ecosystem services were 5.89%, and rest 94.11% of the all monetary value was water indirect ecosystem services. Among the water ecosystem services indicators we estimated, fruit, timber, fishery products, Fresh water supply, Hydropower and recreation were measured in the social economic system, about 59.81% of the monetary value of water ecosystem services is measured to reflect water resources ecological value.

scholarly journals The Grain for Green Program Intensifies Trade-Offs between Ecosystem Services in Midwestern Shanxi, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3966
Author(s):  
Baoan Hu ◽  
Zhijie Zhang ◽  
Hairong Han ◽  
Zuzheng Li ◽  
Xiaoqin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Grain For Green ◽  
Grain For Green Program ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Impact

Ecological engineering is a widely used strategy to address environmental degradation and enhance human well-being. A quantitative assessment of the impacts of ecological engineering on ecosystem services (ESs) is a prerequisite for designing inclusive and sustainable engineering programs. In order to strengthen national ecological security, the Chinese government has implemented the world’s largest ecological project since 1999, the Grain for Green Program (GFGP). We used a professional model to evaluate the key ESs in Lvliang City. Scenario analysis was used to quantify the contribution of the GFGP to changes in ESs and the impacts of trade-offs/synergy. We used spatial regression to identify the main drivers of ES trade-offs. We found that: (1) From 2000 to 2018, the contribution rates of the GFGP to changes in carbon storage (CS), habitat quality (HQ), water yield (WY), and soil conservation (SC) were 140.92%, 155.59%, −454.48%, and 92.96%, respectively. GFGP compensated for the negative impacts of external environmental pressure on CS and HQ, and significantly improved CS, HQ, and SC, but at the expense of WY. (2) The GFGP promotes the synergistic development of CS, HQ, and SC, and also intensifies the trade-off relationships between WY and CS, WY and HQ, and WY and SC. (3) Land use change and urbanization are significantly positively correlated with the WY–CS, WY–HQ, and WY–SC trade-offs, while increases in NDVI helped alleviate these trade-offs. (4) Geographically weighted regression explained 90.8%, 94.2%, and 88.2% of the WY–CS, WY–HQ, and WY–SC trade-offs, respectively. We suggest that the ESs’ benefits from the GFGP can be maximized by controlling the intensity of land use change, optimizing the development of urbanization, and improving the effectiveness of afforestation. This general method of quantifying the impact of ecological engineering on ESs can act as a reference for future ecological restoration plans and decision-making in China and across the world.

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