Public banking and economic growth: The experiences of 10 countries since the 1950s until 2017

2021 ◽  
pp. 100938
Author(s):  
Reynaldo Senra Hodelin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
The 1950S

The Poverty Paradox

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-36
Author(s):  
Romain D. Huret
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The 1950S

This chapter describes the invention of the modern poverty paradox – the increase of poor people in spite of economic growth in the 1950s. On this matter, the federal government played a pioneering role. By then, poor people were invisible, and federal officials gather statistics and ponder over new tools of measurement.

scholarly journals Understanding West German economic growth in the 1950s

Cliometrica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Eichengreen ◽  
Albrecht Ritschl
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
The 1950S

Consumption and Living Standards in China, 1978–83

1984 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 849-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas R. Lardy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Consumption Growth ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
Socialist Economic ◽  
The 1950S

Marxist economists and socialist planners share the view that the major objective of socialist economic development is to meet the needs of mass consumption. During the debates that followed the death of Mao Zedong in 1976 there was a searching examination of the extent to which development policy in the previous two or more decades had succeeded in raising living standards. A central premise of the policies of reform and Readjustment that emerged by the late 1970s from this debate was that consumption growth since the 1950s had been too slow. What was the evidence to support this contention? In what ways has policy since 1978 sought to redirect economic growth towards increased levels of consumption? Have these policies been successful and to what extent are they likely to continue to raise living standards?

Economic Growth and Change in China: A Twenty-Year Perspective

1973 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 211-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Growth And Change ◽  
The 1960S

Maoist ideology and policy imposed on the realities of China's economic backwardness and the scarcities resulting therefrom have produced a peculiar and sharply contrasting pattern of development during the past two decades. The differences in economic performance were so marked – characterized by rapid expansion in the 1950s and stagnation in the 1960s – that it almost seems as though one were dealing with economies in two entirely different settings, perhaps even in two different countries.

Urban crisis: The genealogy of a concept

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 2039-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Crisis ◽  
Material Forces ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Fiscal Crises

The term ‘urban crisis’ emerged in the USA in the 1950s. Ever since the term came into popular use, it has been mobilised to advance a range of political and economic interests. Utilising a genealogical approach, this article traces the evolution, uses and abuses of the concept. It suggests that the various meanings attached to the term are rooted in two overarching frameworks. While one finds the origins of urban crisis in structural, primarily material, forces, the other sees the crisis as grounded in culture and immorality. The article argues that the concept was deployed in the 1950s and 1960s to justify government intervention of various sorts to stimulate economic growth. However, it finds the fiscal crises of the 1970s gave rise to a dominant understanding of urban crisis that promoted the spread of urban neoliberalism.

The Importance of Being British? Imperial Factors and the Growth of British Imports, 1870–1960

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary B. Magee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
The 1950S

Between 1870 and the 1950s, the volume and proportion of British exports to the Empire and Commonwealth grew steadily. Many have attributed this trend to non-market advantages allegedly rooted in imperial rule and the inherent Britishness of these markets. Quantitative methods show, however, that in most periods, other considerations, most notably the economic growth of the importing markets, were of much greater importance in explaining the pattern of British exports.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
Pamela Ballinger
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Geneva Convention ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Surplus Population ◽  
Italian Legislation

This concluding chapter explains that despite Italy's spectacular postwar economic growth, Italian officials repeatedly invoked the twin specters of Italian surplus population and the pressing needs of its “own” refugees to argue for Italy's unsuitability as a country of permanent resettlement. In light of the complicated entanglements between the international and national regimes of refugee assistance, it is no coincidence that the Geneva Convention that laid out the definition of the international refugee came into being during the same period as major Italian legislation that consolidated the Italian state's responsibilities to its own displaced citizens. Nor is it coincidence that as a signatory to the Geneva Convention on Refugees, Italy was among those few states that adopted the geographic reservation exclusive to European refugees. Moreover, the arrival in the 1950s and 1960s of Italian refugees from the territories of other decolonizing powers merely reinforced the Italian government's stance that its priorities for assistance must lie with its own citizens. Even with the close of Italy's formal decolonization in 1960, the classifications for migrants coming from the lost territories—repatriates and refugees—possessed continuing salience.

Is U.S. Economic Growth Over?faltering innovation Confronts the Six headwinds

2013 ◽  
pp. 49-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Human History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The 1950S

This paper raises basic questions about the process of economic growth. It questions the assumption, nearly universal since Solow’s seminal contributions of the 1950s, that economic growth is a continuous process that will persist forever. There was virtually no growth before 1750, and thus there is no guarantee that growth will continue indefinitely. Rather, the paper suggests that the rapid progress made over the past 250 years could well turn out to be a unique episode in human history. The paper views the future from 2007 while pretending that the financial crisis did not happen.

Economic Growth and Equity: Complements or Opposites?

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Automatic Mechanism ◽  
The U.S

There is no automatic mechanism in a market economy to guarantee reduced inequality of income with growth. Some theories lead us to expect just the opposite. At best, there are self-limiting cyclical effects, associated with changes in unemployment. U.S. economic growth has actually been quite slow since the 1950s. Besides, there are structural barriers to reduced inequality that operate with or without growth. Historical evidence for different countries presents a mixed picture. For the U.S. economy, postwar growth has been associated with an upturn in measured inequality. Government intervention has been mildly equalizing, through transfers and expenditures but not through taxes.

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