Is U.S. Economic Growth Over?faltering innovation Confronts the Six headwinds

2013 ◽  
pp. 49-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Human History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The 1950S

This paper raises basic questions about the process of economic growth. It questions the assumption, nearly universal since Solow’s seminal contributions of the 1950s, that economic growth is a continuous process that will persist forever. There was virtually no growth before 1750, and thus there is no guarantee that growth will continue indefinitely. Rather, the paper suggests that the rapid progress made over the past 250 years could well turn out to be a unique episode in human history. The paper views the future from 2007 while pretending that the financial crisis did not happen.

scholarly journals The great Chinese transformation: cynicism and the future of the world (article two)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Grzegorz W. Kolodko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Supranational Level

The huge leap made by the Chinese economy over the past four decades as a result of market reforms and openness to the world is causing fear in some and anxiety in others. Questions arise as to whether China’s economic success is solid and whether economic growth will be followed by political expansion. China makes extensive use of globalization and is therefore interested in continuing it. At the same time, China wants to give it new features and specific Chinese characteristics. This is met with reluctance by the current global hegemon, the United States, all the more so as there are fears that China may promote its original political and economic system, "cynicism", abroad. However, the world is still big enough to accommodate us all. Potentially, not necessarily. For this to happen, we need the right policies, which in the future must also include better coordination at the supranational level.

The Spread of Market Values

The 1970s ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Borstelmann
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Human History ◽  
Market Values ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
World Economic

This chapter tracks the economy of the 1970s as it began to decline after the prosperity of previous decades. Economic growth had defined human history for two hundred years, reaching a peak in the generation after 1945 when world economic growth averaged an extraordinary 5–7 percent per year. Americans rode that growth to a higher standard of living than anyone else. But in the 1970s it all seemed to be flowing away. Unemployment, oil shortages, a plunging stock market, recession, and, above all, inflation were apparently ending these golden years of unparalleled prosperity. Inflation hit everyone, and it hit the poor hardest of all. Persistent inflation undercut dreams and hopes for the future. The economic trauma of the 1970s threatened to destabilize Americans' understanding of how the world worked.

AFB Director Reports to AAWB

1959 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 330-333
Author(s):  
M. Robert Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Executive Director ◽  
American Association ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
American Foundation

This report by the executive director of the American Foundation for the Blind was addressed to the American Association of Workers for the Blind at its convention in Detroit last July. In general, it serves to bring into focus the rapid progress of work for the blind in this country; and it provides an expert bird's-eye view of the Foundation's performance during the past year, of its plans for the future, and of the magnitude of its function.

Economic Growth: The Past, the Present, and the Future

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1736-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufuk Akcigit
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

Economic Growth and Change in China: A Twenty-Year Perspective

1973 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 211-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Growth And Change ◽  
The 1960S

Maoist ideology and policy imposed on the realities of China's economic backwardness and the scarcities resulting therefrom have produced a peculiar and sharply contrasting pattern of development during the past two decades. The differences in economic performance were so marked – characterized by rapid expansion in the 1950s and stagnation in the 1960s – that it almost seems as though one were dealing with economies in two entirely different settings, perhaps even in two different countries.

scholarly journals IS TAIWAN'S R&D PRODUCTIVITY IN DECLINE? A MICROECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-155
Author(s):  
Chih-Hai Yang ◽  
Chia-Hui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Electronics Industry ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Crucial Question ◽  
The Past

Innovation is widely recognized as the main stimulus of economic growth. Considering that Taiwan has devoted increasingly more efforts to R&D since the late 1980s, a crucial question is posed: did the R&D productivity of firms begin to decline in Taiwan during the post-Asian Financial Crisis period when Taiwan's economic growth began to decelerate? This study investigates changes in R&D productivity for Taiwan's manufacturing firms from 1990 to 2003. By employing various approaches to obtain robust results, findings from firm-level microeconometric analysis suggests that overall R&D productivity in Taiwan appears to have been ascendant, particularly during the post-crisis period. This result is also evidenced by segmenting the sample into industry groups, whereby electronics firms have a significantly high R&D productivity growth relative to firms outside the electronics industry. Therefore, the slowdown of Taiwan's economic growth in the past decade is attributed to other influences rather than a slowdown in R&D productivity.

Senghor’s Grammatology: The Political Imaginaries of Writing African Languages

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-151
Author(s):  
Tobias Warner
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
African Languages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The Future ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Leopold Sedar Senghor

In the 1950s, linguistic research became privileged terrain for articulating political and aesthetic visions in soon-to-be independent Senegal. The poet Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegal’s eventual first president, made the study of African languages into a source of political and artistic legitimation even as he consecrated French as the language of culture. This chapter traces Senghor’s research on African languages and explores his intellectual rivalry with Cheikh Anta Diop, the progenitor of modern Wolof writing. After independence, polemics over how to write Wolof culminated in the censorship of Ousmane Sembène’s film Ceddo, which was banned for its use of a double letter “d” in its title (a spelling convention that Senghor had made illegal). This chapter explores how debates over writing systems came to figure the stakes of decolonization—who was authorized to speak for the past and who would shape the terms in which the future would be imagined.

Summary and Implications For the Future

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malanima Paolo ◽  
Astrid Kander ◽  
Paul Warde
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Peak Oil ◽  
The Past ◽  
Energy Transitions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Over Time

This chapter summarizes the book's main findings and their implications for the future, reflecting in particular on the limits of growth, peak oil, technology, and prospects for a return to the organic economy. The central part of the book's argument is that pre-industrial Europe faced energy constraints to economic growth, and was set free from these constraints by the adoption of fossil fuels, including coal. It suggests that the transition to fossil fuels was both a necessary condition and an enabling factor leading to modern growth. This concluding chapter presents two tenets that can inform contemporary debates about energy transitions and the future of economic growth. First, societies move on trajectories, but what has happened in the past bears a strong influence on paths taken in the future. Second, we can establish relationships between energy consumption and economic growth, even as the character of these relationships is not stable over time.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ageing Population on Malaysian Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mazlynda Md Yusuf ◽  
Sarina Mohamed ◽  
Mohamad Yazis Ali Basah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

An ageing population is a worldwide phenomenon, as the results of improvement in mortality rates and drops in fertility rate over the past century. Previously, this trend was focused among the developed countries of Europe and North America but over the past 20 years, the ageing population has started to grow in the developing countries, especially countries of Southeast Asia such as Malaysia. Given changes in fertility and improving life expectancy, the figure is expected to increase significantly. According to the Department of Statistics Malaysia, it is estimated that 6.5% of the total population is aged 65 and above in 2018 and this figure is expected to increase to 14.5% in 2040. With the current changes in the demographic trend, it is expected that there will be changes in the amount of savings and this could also lead to changes in the economic performances in the future. Thus, the main objective of this study is to examine the impact of the ageing population on economic growth in Malaysia by using annual data from the year 1985 to 2016. Total fertility rates, life expectancy, labour force participation rate and old-dependency ratio are variables that are used in the study. These data were analysed using Multiple Linear Regression Model and the results indicate that Malaysia is expected to experience the ageing population in the future and that it gives effect towards Malaysian's economic growth. Keywords: ageing population; economic growth; life expectancy; labour force participation; old-dependency ratio; fertility rates

scholarly journals Water and Warfare: The Evolution and Operation of the Water Taboo

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-125
Author(s):  
Charlotte Grech-Madin
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Human History ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Future ◽  
Research And Policy

Abstract For much of human history, water was a standard weapon of war. In the post–World War II period, however, nation-states in international conflict have made concerted efforts to restrain the weaponization of water. Distinct from realist and rationalist explanations, the historical record reveals that water has come to be governed by a set of intersubjective standards of behavior that denounce water's involvement in conflict as morally taboo. How did this water taboo develop, and how does it matter for nation-states? Focused process-tracing illuminates the taboo's development from the 1950s to the 2010s, and indicates that (1) a moral aversion to using water as a weapon exists; (2) this aversion developed through cumulative mechanisms of taboo evolution over the past seventy years; and (3) the taboo influences states at both an instrumental level of compliance, and, in recent decades, a more internalized level. These findings offer new avenues for research and policy to better understand and uphold this taboo into the future.

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