Consumption and Living Standards in China, 1978–83

1984 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 849-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas R. Lardy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Consumption Growth ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
Socialist Economic ◽  
The 1950S

Marxist economists and socialist planners share the view that the major objective of socialist economic development is to meet the needs of mass consumption. During the debates that followed the death of Mao Zedong in 1976 there was a searching examination of the extent to which development policy in the previous two or more decades had succeeded in raising living standards. A central premise of the policies of reform and Readjustment that emerged by the late 1970s from this debate was that consumption growth since the 1950s had been too slow. What was the evidence to support this contention? In what ways has policy since 1978 sought to redirect economic growth towards increased levels of consumption? Have these policies been successful and to what extent are they likely to continue to raise living standards?

scholarly journals ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT UNDER REFORM AND WORLD INTEGRATION AND THE MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN VIETNAM

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
Canh Thi Nguyen ◽  
Son Hung Tran
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Main Factors

The purpose of this paper was to give an overview of economic development under reform and world integration and to evaluate the main factors influencing the growth of the Vietnamese economy during the reform period (1990-2009). Based on statistical data on the Vietnamese economy in the period of 1990-2009, this study analyzed the factors affecting economic growth. The policy changes, economic development, poverty rates and living standards of Vietnamese population are analyzed over the reform period using qualitative methods. The results of this study show that economic growth under reform and world integration has reduced the poverty rate and increased living standards of population in Vietnam. An evaluation of the factors influencing economic growth is made using a quantitative model of total factor productivity (TFP) and another econometric model. The findings from this quantitative analysis show that the growth of the Vietnamese economy was determined by two factors: (1) capital investments, including foreign direct investment (FDI) and (2) the growth of exports. The results of these qualitative and quantitative analyses lay the foundation for policy recommendations for Vietnam Government to develop economy in the future.

scholarly journals Price stability - major macroeconomic objective

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Grigore Duhlicher ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Price Stability ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Market Economy System ◽  
Governance Process ◽  
Economy System

Price is a basic element of the market economy system and has become a leading economic category, due to its functions within it. Ensuring price stability is a major objective of the governance process, as it contributes to creating a relatively stable economic framework that allows for economic development and ensuring a sustained level of economic growth. The global economic crises, in parallel with the regional political instability, aggravated by the devastating consequences of the pandemic situation, emphasize once again the importance of the dynamics of price developments on the macroeconomic situations of contemporary states.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan ekonomi dan ketimpangan pembangunan ekonomi antar wilayah kebijakan pembangunan di Provinsi Jawa Timur

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Maretha Berlianantiya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Measure Development ◽  
Policy Area ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Relationship

<p><em>This study aimed toknow the relationship and the pattern between economic growth and inequality of economic development in East Java at 2004- 2013. It is determined by the characteristics of development policy area in East Java at 2004- 2013.This research is carried out in East Java province that contains of 29 regencies and 9 cities. They are divided into 4 Bakorwil. This research uses the secondary data, then analyzed by analysis technique of Williamson Index to measure development inequality, correlation of moment product and Regression Curve Estimation.The results of this research are (1) the relationship pattern between economic growth and development inequality tends to be “U” so Kuznets hypothesis does not apply in East Java, and the correlation value of product moment does not significant so the relationship economic growth and development inequality cannot be described. (2) In each Bakorwil, the relationship pattern between economic growth and inequality of economic development is influenced by the characteristics of development policy area in East Java province, likewise with its correlation.</em></p>

Chinese Educational Policies in the 1980s and Economic Development

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 189-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Bastid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Chinese State ◽  
Near Future

Like other Chinese state institutions, the educational system has undergone many changes since the death of Mao Zedong and the overthrow of the “gang of four” in 1976. Several accounts and studies have appeared treating different stages and aspects of this continuing transformation. Further adjustments to the system of education are likely to take place in the near future. Now that the Sixth Five-Year Plan has been published in draft form laying down the blueprint of China's development in the coming few years, some kind of assessment needs to be made of the; educational system, its performance and its prospects, since much of they immediate and future operation of rapid economic growth depends on U ithe human capital provided by schools.

scholarly journals More employers, more jobs, more money: An empirical analysis of local economic development policy impacts in US cities

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Strother
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Economic Development Policy ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Us Cities

Local government leaders in the U. S. employ a multitude of programs and policies in the name of economic development to increase the number of firms, employment, wages, and, of course, the tax base. The past few decades have seen a surge in local economic development policies, yet research analyzing their effectiveness is sparse. This study analyzes the relationship between local economic development policy and economic growth in a data set of 412 U. S. cities. Results indicate that policy has only has a weak correlation with economic growth, suggesting that growth is determined more by market conditions rather than government intervention. The article concludes with an entrepreneurial policy approach this author believes may yield development results in an era of limited policy effectiveness.

scholarly journals KERAGAAN MODEL KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI SEKTOR IMMT DI SUMATERA UTARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Wahyu Nugrahadi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Social Accounting Matrix ◽  
Economic Development Policy ◽  
Model Approach

Economic growth in North Sumatera (Sumut) in the last five years has increasedsignificantly. However, income inequality be widened. From the results of previous research has identified that one of the six sectors that have the most optimal possibilities for development as the development model of economic development of sectoral policies that can solve that problem in Sumut is the industry of food, beverages and tobacco (IMMT). The question needs further analysis to obtain a more in‐depth information in the development of that sector. Specifically, this study aims to identify the body of model of economic development policy in IMMT sector in addressing income inequality in the province of Sumut. The analysis is based on a model approach Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). For the purposes of analysis: (1) linkage, and (2) multiplier. Results of the analysis showed that IMMT have: (1) the index of sensitivityand power of dispersionis greater than one at a time, (2) forward and backward spread effect index larger than other sectors, (3) the second largest output multipliers, and (4) ranked sixth refers to the total sector.

scholarly journals Encouraging Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ahlstrom ◽  
Amber Y. Chang ◽  
Jessie S. T. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
The Past

The economy has seen unprecedented growth in the past two centuries, raising average incomes by 30-fold. With this added wealth, living standards also improved greatly. Although many factors impact economic growth, it is accepted that entrepreneurship plays a key role. Therefore, understanding the antecedents of entrepreneurship and the link to economic development, often through institutions, should be of higher importance to researchers and policymakers. This Special Issue of the Journal of Risk and Financial Management sought to provide a brief overview of the economic growth literature and its link with entrepreneurship while adding insight through the Special Issue papers regarding the drivers of entrepreneurship in different contexts. Thus, the papers gathered here addressed several aspects of entrepreneurship and how it may be encouraged through networking, cornerstone investors in initial public offerings, new financing methods such as with cryptocurrencies, and through entrepreneur health. The research sites were primarily in Asia. This lead paper summarizes the issue’s papers while also providing a short overview of the economic growth literature and its link to entrepreneurship and institutions. This Special Issue, thus contributes to the empirical and theoretic research on the drivers of entrepreneurship and the association with economic growth.

scholarly journals POLA PENYEBARAN SPASIAL INVESTASI DI INDONESIA: SEBUAH PELAJARAN DARI MASA LALU

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
J. J. Sarungu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Disparity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Spread Pattern ◽  
The Government

Economic development theorists generally beliefs that investment mainly played an important role in economic growth. Based on that, one can easily to think that spatially disparity of economic growth mostly depends on spatially spread of investment. This work try to investigate the spatially spread pattern of investment in Indonesia in the past before the Asian financial and economic crisis occurred. In that time, the government development policy stressed not only on economic growth but also on reducing economic disparity included spatially. In the recent, the two kinds of economic development policies’ stressing are still continued by the government. Generally, the lessons from the past is that the spatially spread pattern of investment in Indonesia tended to still concentrated in the western Java island (in Jakarta and its surrounding) and also in the Sulawesi island. While in the other island, investment tended to spread.

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