Modeling risk of mangroves to tropical cyclones: A case study of Hurricane Irma

2019 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caiyun Zhang ◽  
Sara Denka Durgan ◽  
David Lagomasino
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Hurricane Irma

Transportation Fuel Resiliency: Case Study of Tampa Bay

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110416
Author(s):  
Alexander Kolpakov ◽  
Austin Marie Sipiora ◽  
Caley Johnson ◽  
Erin Nobler
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tampa Bay ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hurricane Irma

This case study presents findings from an analysis of the emergency preparation and response for Hurricane Irma, the most recent hurricane impacting the Tampa Bay region. The Tampa Bay region, in particular, is considered one of the most vulnerable areas in the United States to hurricanes and severe tropical weather. A particular vulnerability stems from how all petroleum fuel comes to the area by marine transport through Port Tampa Bay, which can be (and has been in the past) impacted by hurricanes and tropical storms. The case study discussed in this paper covers previous fuel challenges, vulnerabilities, and lessons learned by key Tampa Bay public agency fleets during the past 10 years (mainly as a result of the most recent 2017 Hurricane Irma) to explore ways to improve the area’s resilience to natural disasters. Some of the strategies for fuel-supply resiliency include maintaining emergency fuel supply, prioritizing fuel use, strategically placing the assets around the region to help with recovery, investing in backup generators (including generators powered by alternative fuels), planning for redundancies in fuel supply networks, developing more efficient communication procedures between public fleets, hurricane preparedness-planning, and upgrading street drainage systems to reduce the threat of local flooding.

scholarly journals Hurricane Deposits on Carbonate Platforms: A Case Study of Hurricane Irma Deposits on Little Ambergris Cay, Turks and Caicos Islands

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Jamison‐Todd ◽  
Nathan Stein ◽  
Irina Overeem ◽  
Arslaan Khalid ◽  
Elizabeth J. Trower
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Platforms ◽  
Turks And Caicos Islands ◽  
Hurricane Irma

Perceived Risk, Protective Actions and the Parasocial Relationship With the Local Weathercaster: A Case Study of Hurricane Irma

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Sherman-Morris ◽  
Philip S. Poe ◽  
Christopher Nunley ◽  
John A. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Parasocial Relationship ◽  
Hurricane Irma

Tropical Cyclogenesis Associated with Kelvin Waves and the Madden–Julian Oscillation

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (9) ◽  
pp. 2723-2734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Schreck ◽  
John Molinari
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Diabatic Heating ◽  
Kelvin Waves ◽  
Tropical Cyclogenesis ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Convective Envelope

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) influences tropical cyclone formation around the globe. Convectively coupled Kelvin waves are often embedded within the MJO, but their role in tropical cyclogenesis remains uncertain. This case study identifies the influences of the MJO and a series of Kelvin waves on the formation of two tropical cyclones. Typhoons Rammasun and Chataan developed in the western North Pacific on 28 June 2002. Two weeks earlier, conditions had been unfavorable for tropical cyclogenesis because of uniform trade easterlies and a lack of organized convection. The easterlies gave way to equatorial westerlies as the convective envelope of the Madden–Julian oscillation moved into the region. A series of three Kelvin waves modulated the development of the westerlies. Cyclonic potential vorticity (PV) developed in a strip between the growing equatorial westerlies and the persistent trade easterlies farther poleward. Rammasun and Chataan emerged from the apparent breakdown of this strip. The cyclonic PV developed in association with diabatic heating from both the MJO and the Kelvin waves. The tropical cyclones also developed during the largest superposition of equatorial westerlies from the MJO and the Kelvin waves. This chain of events suggests that the MJO and the Kelvin waves each played a role in the development of Rammasun and Chataan.

Can Extratropical Cyclones Increase Baroclinicty? A Pathway to Cyclone Clustering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Weijenborg ◽  
Thomas Spengler
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Baroclinic Instability ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Extratropical Cyclones ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Cyclone Tracks ◽  
Spatio Temporal

<p>The existence of cyclone clustering, the succession of multiple cyclones in a short amount of time, indicates that the baroclinicity feeding these storms undergoes episodic cycles. With the generally accepted paradigm of baroclinic instability for extratropical cyclones, one would anticipate that clustering coincides with increased baroclinicity, though simultaneously individual cyclones reduce baroclinicity to maintain their growth. This apparent contradiction motivates our hypothesis that some cyclones increase baroclinicity, which could be a pathway for cyclone clustering.</p><p>Using a new cyclone clustering diagnostic based on spatio-temporal distance between cyclone tracks, we analyse cyclone clustering for the period 1979 until 2016. We complement this analysis with a baroclinity diagnostic, the slope of isentropic surfaces. With the isentropic slope and its tendencies, the relative roles of diabatic and adiabatic effects associated with extra-tropical cyclones in maintaining baroclinicity are assessed. We first present a case study, for which a sequence of cyclones culminated in severe cyclones due to the fact that one of the storms significantly increased the background baroclinity along which the succeeding storms evolved. The life cycle of these storms is discussed in terms of how the storm changes and uses its environment to attain its intensity. We compare these findings to composites of clustered and non-clustered cyclones to quantify how consistent the proposed clustering-mechanism is.</p>

Predecessor Rain Events ahead of Tropical Cyclones

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (8) ◽  
pp. 3272-3297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Galarneau ◽  
Lance F. Bosart ◽  
Russ S. Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
The United States ◽  
Synoptic Climatology ◽  
Convective System ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Tropical Moisture ◽  
Baroclinic Zone

Abstract Twenty-eight predecessor rain events (PREs) that occurred over the United States east of the Rockies during 1995–2008 are examined from a synoptic climatology and case study perspective. PREs are coherent mesoscale regions of heavy rainfall, with rainfall rates ≥100 mm (24 h)−1, that can occur approximately 1000 km poleward of recurving tropical cyclones (TCs). PREs occur most commonly in August and September, and approximately 36 h prior to the arrival of the main rain shield associated with the TC. A distinguishing feature of PREs is that they are sustained by deep tropical moisture that is transported poleward directly from the TC. PREs are high-impact weather events that can often result in significant inland flooding, either from the PRE itself or from the subsequent arrival of the main rain shield associated with the TC that falls onto soils already saturated by the PRE. The composite analysis shows that on the synoptic-scale, PREs form in the equatorward jet-entrance region of a 200-hPa jet on the western flank of a 925-hPa equivalent potential temperature ridge located east of a 700-hPa trough. On the mesoscale, PREs occur in conjunction with low-level frontogenetical forcing along a baroclinic zone where heavy rainfall is focused. A case study analysis was conducted of a PRE ahead of TC Erin (2007) that produced record-breaking rainfall (>250 mm) from southern Minnesota to Lake Michigan. This analysis highlighted the importance of frontogenetical forcing along a low-level baroclinic zone in the presence of deep tropical moisture from TC Erin in producing a long-lived, quasi-stationary mesoscale convective system.

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