Model of water injection process during closed phase of spark ignition engine

It has been proven that vehicle emissions such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are negatively affecting the health of human beings as well as the environment. In addition, it was recently highlighted that air pollution may result in people being more vulnerable to the deadly COVID-19 virus. The use of biofuels such as E5 and E10 as alternatives of gasoline fuel have been recommended by different researchers. In this paper, the impacts of port injection of water to a spark ignition engine fueled by gasoline, E5 and E10 on its performance and NOx production have been investigated. The experimental work was undertaken using a KIA Cerato engine and the results were used to validate an AVL BOOST model. To develop the numerical analysis, design of experiment (DOE) method was employed. The results showed that by increasing the ethanol fraction in gasoline/ethanol blend, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) improved between 2.3% and 4.5%. However, the level of NOx increased between 22% to 48%. With port injection of water up to 8%, there was up to 1% increase in engine power whereas NOx and BSFC were reduced by 8% and 1%, respectively. The impacts of simultaneous changing of the start of combustion (SOC) and water injection rate on engine power and NOx production was also investigated. It was found that the NOx concentration is very sensitive to SOC variation.

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Numerical investigation of natural gas direct injection properties and mixture formation in a spark ignition engine

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci120605222y ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 39-52

Author(s):

Bijan Yadollahi ◽

Masoud Boroomand

Keyword(s):

Numerical Model ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Gasoline Engine ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Computational Effort ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Validity Of Results ◽

Injection Process

In this study, a numerical model has been developed in AVL FIRE software to perform investigation of Direct Natural Gas Injection into the cylinder of Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines. In this regard two main parts have been taken into consideration, aiming to convert an MPFI gasoline engine to direct injection NG engine. In the first part of study multi-dimensional numerical simulation of transient injection process, mixing and flow field have been performed via three different validation cases in order to assure the numerical model validity of results. Adaption of such a modeling was found to be a challenging task because of required computational effort and numerical instabilities. In all cases present results were found to have excellent agreement with experimental and numerical results from literature. In the second part, using the moving mesh capability the validated model has been applied to methane Injection into the cylinder of a Direct Injection engine. Five different piston head shapes along with two injector types have been taken into consideration in investigations. A centrally mounted injector location has been adapted to all cases. The effects of injection parameters, combustion chamber geometry, injector type and engine RPM have been studied on mixing of air-fuel inside cylinder. Based on the results, suitable geometrical configuration for a NG DI Engine has been discussed.

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Investigation of water injection benefits on downsized boosted direct injection spark ignition engine

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116765 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 264 ◽

pp. 116765 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yuan Zhuang ◽

Yu Sun ◽

Yuhan Huang ◽

Qin Teng ◽

Bo He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Direct Injection ◽

Water Injection ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Direct Injection Spark Ignition

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Effect of intake manifold water injection on a natural gas spark ignition engine: an experimental study

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/257/1/012029 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 257 ◽

pp. 012029 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H Arruga ◽

F Scholl ◽

M Kettner ◽

O I Amad ◽

M Klaissle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Water Injection ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Intake Manifold

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Effect of relative humidity on water injection technique in downsized spark ignition engines

International Journal of Engine Research ◽

10.1177/1468087420940854 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 146808742094085

Author(s):

Jayesh Khatri ◽

Nikhil Sharma ◽

Petter Dahlander ◽

Lucien Koopmans

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Water Injection ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Injection Technique ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Particulate Emissions ◽

Spark Ignition Engines ◽

General Applicability ◽

Major Barrier

Combustion knock is a major barrier to achieving high thermal efficiency in spark ignition engines. Water injection was recently identified as a potential way of overcoming this barrier. To evaluate its general applicability, experiments were performed on a downsized three-cylinder spark ignition engine, varying the humidity of the intake air, the water injection timing, and the engine speed. The minimum quantity of injected water required to maintain a given load (and thus level of engine performance) was determined under each set of tested conditions. The knock-suppressing effects of water injection were found to be related to changes in the fuel–air mixture’s specific heat ratio (kappa) rather than evaporative cooling, and to therefore depend on the total quantity of water in the cylinder rather than the relative humidity per se. The total quantity of water in the cylinder was also shown to be a key determinant of advancement in combustion phasing and particulate emissions under various conditions.

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