scholarly journals An Interdisciplinary Perspective from the Earth Scientist’s Periodic Table: Similarity and Connection between Geochemistry and Metallurgy

Engineering ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-715
Author(s):  
Fenglong Sun ◽  
Zhongwei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Table ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective

The distribution of minerals in hyper-agpaitic rocks in terms of symmetry: evolution of views on the number and symmetry of minerals

2001 ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Khomyakov
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Mineral Species ◽  
Original Series ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
The Earth ◽  
High Alkalinity ◽  
Low Symmetry

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Khomyakov, A. P. (2001). The distribution of minerals in hyper-agpaitic rocks in terms of symmetry: evolution of views on the number and symmetry of minerals. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 73-82. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v190.5176 _______________ Among the unique mineral localities of the Earth the complexes of nepheline syenites with hyper-agpaitic differentiates are of special interest due to their extreme diversity of mineral species. The four best studied complexes of this type – Khibina, Lovozero, Ilímaussaq and Mont Saint-Hilaire – have yielded more than 700 mineral species of which about 200 are new. The great mineral diversity is due to the combination of several factors, the most important of which is the extremely high alkalinity of agpaitic magmas, causing about half of the elements of the periodic table to be concentrated together. Minerals from hyper-agpaitic rocks are characterised by the predominance of highly ordered, low-symmetry crystal structures resulting, in particular, from the markedly extended temperature range of crystallisation. Generalisation of available data for unique mineral localities underpins the hypothesis that there is no natural limit to the number of mineral species. It is predicted that by the middle of the 21st century, the overall number of minerals recorded in nature will exceed 10 000, with the proportion of triclinic species increasing from the present 9% to 14.5%, and that of cubic species decreasing from 10% to 5%.

The Earth Scientist’s Periodic Table of the Elements and Their Ions: A New Periodic Table Founded on Non-Traditional Concepts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bruce Railsback
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Table ◽  
General Concept ◽  
First Century ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Geological Society ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Science Stories ◽  
Science News ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Scientific Fields

The Earth Scientist’s Periodic Table of the Elements and Their Ions is a fundamentally new table that was first published in 2003 in the Geological Society of America’s (GSA) prominent journal Geology (Railsback 2003). The new table was reported in Nature, it was featured in a cover article by Science News, it was included among Discover magazine’s 100 Top Science Stories of 2003, and its publication was noted in many other magazines and online outlets. GSA sold a large number of reprints of the 2003 paper and then, in 2004, published a revised version of the table in GSA’s Map and Chart Series (Railsback 2004). When GSA’s printed stock ran low, the Society published a further revised version of the table in its Map and Chart Series in 2011 (Railsback 2011). The table has been translated into Chinese (Jin 2006), Spanish (Bernal and Railsback 2008), Portuguese (Franco de Souza Lima and Railsback 2012), and German. The original 2003 paper has been cited in journals ranging from Journal of Mathematical Chemistry to Carbohydrate Research to Geomicrobiology Journal to Journal of Arid Environments to Resource Geology to Reviews in Geophysics, and it has proven useful in understanding the topology of the periodic table (Restrepo et al. 2006). The success of the new Earth Scientist’s Periodic Table of the Elements and Their Ions across the past decade suggests that the periodic table, as a general concept, is not a static document but instead is still subject to evolution, especially as scientific fields beyond traditional chemistry increasingly use chemical perspectives. It further suggests that volumes like this one are not simply retrospective ruminations on a nineteenth-century invention, but instead they can be part of an ongoing process to find new meaning in the periodic concept and to make it more applicable in broader contexts in the twenty-first century. Despite the diversity of periodic tables produced over the last 140 years (e.g., Mazurs 1974), the Earth Scientist’s Periodic Table of the Elements and Their Ions differs both in conceptual origin and in form from almost all previous versions.

scholarly journals THE PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS AND THE ASSOCIATED MINERALS: GOLD

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Lavinel G. IONESCU ◽  
Paulo César Pereira das Neves ◽  
Flávia Schenato ◽  
Flávio Antônio Bachi
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Table ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Stable Structure ◽  
The Earth

Gold is a natural solid with a crystalline stable structure and exhibits an abundance of 0.04 ppm (mg/Kg) in the Earth crust. Gold, like silver, is one of the chemical elements less abundant in nature. Only palladium, tellurium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, rhenium, and iridium, present a smaller geochemical distribution. Because of its low chemical reactivity, the metal has very few minerals. This review presents a synopsis of the twenty nine (29) gold minerals known at the present time.

Students discover the rocks and minerals that are behind the chemical elements of the Periodic Table.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natassa Detsika
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Chemical Element ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Chemical Type ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
History Of

<p>This work is aimed at young people at the age of 14 to 15 years old.</p><p>The work is based on the study of the Periodic Table. Students show a great interest in learning about the history of the periodic table, as well as the details of each chemical element individually. They want to know how it was discovered, the scientist who did it, in which rock we can find it, where we use it, its properties, and much more.</p><p>Combining the two sciences, Geology and Chemistry, we make a blank Periodic Table with dimensions of 2m to 1,5m. We also make cards with the elements.</p><p>The aims are:</p><ul><li>- To help students study the periodic table through various table games and learn not only the names of chemical elements but their inseparable relationship with the Earth and man.</li> <li>- To make it clear that everything we need and use has its origins in the Earth.</li> <li>- To emphasize the origins of the chemical elements in the minerals and the rocks.</li> </ul><p>For every element there are several cards. An example is Al (Aluminum). For Al, there is a card with the chemical symbol of Al, a card with the picture of Bauxite (the rock from which we get aluminum), a card with the materials made of Al, a card with a small quiz about some of its chemical or physical properties, etc. Τhe cards have colors depending on the group that the chemical elements belong to. There are also cards with the history behind a chemical element.</p><p>Students are divided into groups, in which they then pick up different cards and try to place the chemical elements in the correct box in the periodic table.</p><p>Another game they like to play is to pick a card with the element’s symbol on and try to guess the name of the element and to associate it with the suitable mineral or rock card.</p><p>In addition, the students are given atoms and bonds simulations, as well as the chemical type of a mineral and a picture or a real part of a rock, in which we find the mineral. Their goal is to construct the mineral using the simulations and the written directions. Ιn this way, they also recognize the rocks in which the chemical elements are found.</p><p>The most interesting in the above process is that students prepare the cards themselves. Thus, they are also actively involved in the process of creating their own periodic table.</p><p>In 2019, the scientific world celebrated the 150th anniversary since the creation of the periodic table. Our students, after playing such games as the above, decided to celebrate the International Year of P.T. by painting their own periodic table on canvas.</p><p>Their work is now hanging in a central school area.</p>

Cracked Open and Knit Together by Oxygen

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Table ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Energy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chemical Availability ◽  
Biological Event ◽  
Geological Event ◽  
Chemical Event

The happy insight that biology and geology meet through chemistry has been seen throughout this book when life and rocks interact. A chemical called water transformed this planet’s rocks and opened them to give life its elemental building blocks. The energy in the Earth became the energy in simple cells through chemical wheels. Sunlight split the water with the help of dissolved rocks, and the oxygen from that reaction brought yet more elements out of the rocks and into life. That insight addresses a long-standing mystery here. Long ago, the biggest biologi­cal change in the history of the planet created plant and animal life. What caused the seas to teem with weird new life? I think the periodic table connects that biological event to a previous global geological change. If so, then once again, chemical reactions opened up geology to provide new possibilities for biological complexity. Chemistry shaped the flow of geology and biology at once. The evidence for this connection is like something that happened with the ekko sculpture in northwest Scotland from Chapter 2 (Figure 2.1). After the sculpture had been built, an archaeologist dropped by and found incisions in ekko’s rocks. The archaeologist read the shape and depth of the incisions and concluded that the stones were older than everyone thought, and must have been used for a structure now lost. Like in ekko, there are “incisions” on the Earth made by massive geological processes. Geologists have read these and have concluded that a worldwide event altered the planet’s surface. This geological event was also a chemical event. Soon after, a profusion of fossils filled the rocks. This biological event was also a chemical event. The common denominator of chemistry connects the geology to the biology. The geological event provided chemicals that life used in new ways: especially oxygen, phosphorous, and calcium, resulting in new energy, shells, and signals for life. This hypothesis is that chemical availability drove the evolution of life, and that the periodic table shaped the timing of life’s greatest expansion.

The Palette of Elements

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-77
Author(s):  
John Evans
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation State ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Universe

The supply of the known 118 elements is considered in terms of their abundance in the universe and in the Earth?’s crust, the availability of minerals and their formation of elements from natural and induced transmutation. The blocks of the elements of the Periodic Table are analysed to consider whether their availability is such that can allow them to participate in solutions of the pressure on resources on the Earth. The roles of the elementary properties, radii, ionisation energies and electronegativities in affording the characteristics of the elements, including conductivity properties, are explained. The factors influencing the properties of compounds that affect their modes of extraction, such as their energetics, solubility and oxidation state stability are also discussed.

scholarly journals THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE AND THE ASSOCIATED MINERALS - THE SILVER

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 63-79
Author(s):  
Paulo Cesar Pereira Neves ◽  
Flavia Schenato
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Stable Structure ◽  
The Earth

Silver is a natural solid with a crystalline stable structure and exhibits an abundance of 0.04 ppm (mg/kg) in the earth crust. Silver thus, like gold, is one of the chemical elements less abundant in nature. Only palladium, tellurium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, rhenium and iridium, present smaller geochemical distribution. However, because of its lower chemical reactivity, the metal presents a low representative in the mineral constitution. This review presents a synopsis of silver minerals (129 substances) as a contribution to the scientific knowledge of these substances.

The motion of a lunar orbiter

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Y. Kozai
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Triaxial Ellipsoid ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Close Satellite ◽  
The Mean

The motion of an artificial satellite around the Moon is much more complicated than that around the Earth, since the shape of the Moon is a triaxial ellipsoid and the effect of the Earth on the motion is very important even for a very close satellite.The differential equations of motion of the satellite are written in canonical form of three degrees of freedom with time depending Hamiltonian. By eliminating short-periodic terms depending on the mean longitude of the satellite and by assuming that the Earth is moving on the lunar equator, however, the equations are reduced to those of two degrees of freedom with an energy integral.Since the mean motion of the Earth around the Moon is more rapid than the secular motion of the argument of pericentre of the satellite by a factor of one order, the terms depending on the longitude of the Earth can be eliminated, and the degree of freedom is reduced to one.Then the motion can be discussed by drawing equi-energy curves in two-dimensional space. According to these figures satellites with high inclination have large possibilities of falling down to the lunar surface even if the initial eccentricities are very small.The principal properties of the motion are not changed even if plausible values ofJ3andJ4of the Moon are included.This paper has been published in Publ. astr. Soc.Japan15, 301, 1963.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document