The Earth Scientist’s Periodic Table of the Elements and Their Ions: A New Periodic Table Founded on Non-Traditional Concepts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bruce Railsback
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Table ◽  
General Concept ◽  
First Century ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Geological Society ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Science Stories ◽  
Science News ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Scientific Fields

The Earth Scientist’s Periodic Table of the Elements and Their Ions is a fundamentally new table that was first published in 2003 in the Geological Society of America’s (GSA) prominent journal Geology (Railsback 2003). The new table was reported in Nature, it was featured in a cover article by Science News, it was included among Discover magazine’s 100 Top Science Stories of 2003, and its publication was noted in many other magazines and online outlets. GSA sold a large number of reprints of the 2003 paper and then, in 2004, published a revised version of the table in GSA’s Map and Chart Series (Railsback 2004). When GSA’s printed stock ran low, the Society published a further revised version of the table in its Map and Chart Series in 2011 (Railsback 2011). The table has been translated into Chinese (Jin 2006), Spanish (Bernal and Railsback 2008), Portuguese (Franco de Souza Lima and Railsback 2012), and German. The original 2003 paper has been cited in journals ranging from Journal of Mathematical Chemistry to Carbohydrate Research to Geomicrobiology Journal to Journal of Arid Environments to Resource Geology to Reviews in Geophysics, and it has proven useful in understanding the topology of the periodic table (Restrepo et al. 2006). The success of the new Earth Scientist’s Periodic Table of the Elements and Their Ions across the past decade suggests that the periodic table, as a general concept, is not a static document but instead is still subject to evolution, especially as scientific fields beyond traditional chemistry increasingly use chemical perspectives. It further suggests that volumes like this one are not simply retrospective ruminations on a nineteenth-century invention, but instead they can be part of an ongoing process to find new meaning in the periodic concept and to make it more applicable in broader contexts in the twenty-first century. Despite the diversity of periodic tables produced over the last 140 years (e.g., Mazurs 1974), the Earth Scientist’s Periodic Table of the Elements and Their Ions differs both in conceptual origin and in form from almost all previous versions.

Slavery and the Trumpocene: It's Not the End of the World

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Claire Colebrook
Keyword(s):  
Living System ◽  
Racial Violence ◽  
First Century ◽  
The West ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Geological Period

There is something more catastrophic than the end of the world, especially when ‘world’ is understood as the horizon of meaning and expectation that has composed the West. If the Anthropocene is the geological period marking the point at which the earth as a living system has been altered by ‘anthropos,’ the Trumpocene marks the twenty-first-century recognition that the destruction of the planet has occurred by way of racial violence, slavery and annihilation. Rather than saving the world, recognizing the Trumpocene demands that we think about destroying the barbarism that has marked the earth.

The distribution of minerals in hyper-agpaitic rocks in terms of symmetry: evolution of views on the number and symmetry of minerals

2001 ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Khomyakov
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Mineral Species ◽  
Original Series ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
The Earth ◽  
High Alkalinity ◽  
Low Symmetry

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Khomyakov, A. P. (2001). The distribution of minerals in hyper-agpaitic rocks in terms of symmetry: evolution of views on the number and symmetry of minerals. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 73-82. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v190.5176 _______________ Among the unique mineral localities of the Earth the complexes of nepheline syenites with hyper-agpaitic differentiates are of special interest due to their extreme diversity of mineral species. The four best studied complexes of this type – Khibina, Lovozero, Ilímaussaq and Mont Saint-Hilaire – have yielded more than 700 mineral species of which about 200 are new. The great mineral diversity is due to the combination of several factors, the most important of which is the extremely high alkalinity of agpaitic magmas, causing about half of the elements of the periodic table to be concentrated together. Minerals from hyper-agpaitic rocks are characterised by the predominance of highly ordered, low-symmetry crystal structures resulting, in particular, from the markedly extended temperature range of crystallisation. Generalisation of available data for unique mineral localities underpins the hypothesis that there is no natural limit to the number of mineral species. It is predicted that by the middle of the 21st century, the overall number of minerals recorded in nature will exceed 10 000, with the proportion of triclinic species increasing from the present 9% to 14.5%, and that of cubic species decreasing from 10% to 5%.

The geography of climate migration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Michał Burzyński ◽  
Frédéric Docquier ◽  
Hendrik Scheewel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Migration ◽  
First Century ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Internal Mobility ◽  
Almost All

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the long-term effects of climate change on the mobility of working-age people. We use a world economy model that covers almost all the countries around the world, and distinguishes between rural and urban regions as well as between flooded and unflooded areas. The model is calibrated to match international and internal mobility data by education level for the last 30 years, and is then simulated under climate change variants. We endogenize the size, dyadic, and skill structure of climate migration. When considering moderate climate scenarios, we predict mobility responses in the range of 70–108 million workers over the course of the twenty-first century. Most of these movements are local or inter-regional. South–South international migration responses are smaller, while the South–North migration response is of the “brain drain” type and induces a permanent increase in the number of foreigners in OECD countries in the range of 6–9% only. Changes in the sea level mainly translate into forced local movements. By contrast, inter-regional and international movements are sensitive to temperature-related changes in productivity. Lastly, we show that relaxing international migration restrictions may exacerbate the poverty effect of climate change at origin if policymakers are unable to select/screen individuals in extreme poverty.

scholarly journals Revolutionary in Counter-Revolutionary Times: Elaborating Fanonian National Consciousness into the Twenty-First Century

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Anna Gordon
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Twenty First Century

One of the unique challenges of reading Les damnés de la terre (The Wretched of the Earth) today is that while it is an irredeemably revolutionary text, we live in a counter-revolutionary moment or in a global context that has tried very hard to discredit even the possibility of revolution. Fanon’s text does not only narrate the effective undertaking of an anti-colonial struggle—of what is required for people to identify the actual causes of their alienation and unfreedom and together to will their elimination—it also outlines the various, often dialectical challenges of restructuring a society from the bottom up. Guiding and evident in the latter is the flourishing of what Fanon suggestively called national consciousness. Elaborating its meaning and ongoing usefulness is the focus of this essay.

scholarly journals Rethinking Democracy?

2020 ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Leonardo Morlino
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Welfare State

This chapter addresses two final questions. First, what are the specific and more general perspectives of the democracies we studied in terms of implementation of the two democratic values? The three patterns developed in Chapter 8 cover almost all the existing empirical possibilities in Europe. Moreover, the external challenges faced by democracies in the early twenty-first century directly affect not only the goods to be delivered (possibly a mix of freedoms and equalities) but also resilience and de-consolidation. We can accept action in defence of rights and institutions and the limits of protest lie in the fact that the related actions cannot violate existing laws. A parallel question is how much the repeal of constraints, legal or of another sort, on the incumbent authorities can be pushed. No doubt, interinstitutional accountability is the necessary cornerstone of a working democracy. Second, what could we do to promote a better, doable, reasonable implementation of the two values? The formula of pursuing broader social cooperation would recall neo-corporatist past solutions, today unfeasible, but still appears as the right social recipe that has not yet been overcome. As seen in Chapter 8, we have to restate that there is a close connection between interinstitutional accountability and protection of freedoms, and, although indirectly, of equalities. Among the rights, the most important one in a democracy is the right to vote, which is grounded on other freedoms that concur to form the voter’s own political opinion. The commitment to combat different forms of disinformation needs to continue in order to provide further meaningfulness to the right to vote. Finally, to craft solid majorities in favour of the strengthening of the welfare state beyond the protection of poverty, we do need to promote a European Union able to complement national and European solidarities.

The Question of Timing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Chambers ◽  
Jacqueline Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Geological Society ◽  
The Earth

This chapter demonstrates how American geochemist Clair C. Patterson found out about the Earth's true age. Announcing his discovery at a meeting of the Geological Society of America, Patterson told the gathered delegates that Earth is precisely 4.55 billion years old. The chapter states that although the Earth can be examined in much greater detail than any other body in the solar system, the key to calculating Earth's age lay in rocks from outer space. What Patterson actually did was measure the age of a meteorite. To work out when Earth formed, Patterson had to assume that Earth and the meteorite formed at about the same time.

‘They Make a Desolation and They Call It Peace’

2021 ◽  
pp. 239-258
Author(s):  
Avraham Faust
Keyword(s):  
General Concept ◽  
Internal Wars ◽  
Pax Romana ◽  
Almost All

Chapter 9 (‘“They Make a Desolation and They Call It Peace”: Re-Examining the Nature of the Imperial Peace’) reviews the concept of Assyrian peace that became popular over the years to describe the prospering economy during the period of Assyrian control, when no internal wars or imperial campaigns are evident. The information provided in the previous chapters, however, casts some doubts on the applicability of the term for the period under discussion, since the provinces in the southwest were devastated, and only the regions outside the official boundaries of Assyria prospered. Subsequently, the chapter re-evaluates not only the pax Assyriaca, but also the general concept of ‘imperial peace’ which was ‘imported’ from Rome (the pax Romana) into almost all imperial contexts.

3. Why are some countries rich and others poor?

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Ian Goldin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Development Trajectories

‘Why are some countries rich and others poor?’ considers various theories of economic growth, including Robert Solow’s widely used 1956 model, and charts the uneven development of countries around the world from the late nineteenth century, through the twentieth century, and into the twenty-first century. Some countries, such as Japan and South Korea, have seen miraculous economic growth, whereas countries such as Argentina and Uruguay have not experienced expected levels of growth. The factors that affect development trajectories include natural resource endowments, geography, history, institutions, politics, and power. While overall levels of poverty have declined, levels of inequality are rising in almost all countries.

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