Transcriptome- and metabolome-based analysis of the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis during autumn leaf coloration in Pistacia chinensis

2021 ◽  
pp. 104584
Author(s):  
Xiehai Song ◽  
Xiaojing Duan ◽  
Xiaochao Chang ◽  
Lihong Xian ◽  
Qinsong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Coloration ◽  
Autumn Leaf

scholarly journals Induction of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Crabapple (Malus cv.) Leaves by Low Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Tian ◽  
Zhen-yun Han ◽  
Li-ru Zhang ◽  
Ting-Ting Song ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Leaf Coloration ◽  
Regulatory Complex ◽  
R2r3 Myb ◽  
Reverse Transcript ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes

Anthocyanins are protective pigments that accumulate in plant organs such as fruits and leaves, and are nutritionally valuable components of the human diet. There is thus considerable interest in the factors that regulate synthesis. Malus crabapple leaves are rich sources of these compounds, and in this study we analyzed leaf coloration, anthocyanin levels, and the expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes in three crabapple cultivars (Royalty, Prairifire, and Flame) following various temperature treatments. We found that low temperatures (LTs) promoted anthocyanin accumulation in ‘Royalty’ and ‘Prairifire’, leading to red leaves, but not in ‘Flame’, which accumulated abundant colorless flavonols and retained green colored leaves. Quantitative reverse transcript PCR (RT-PCR) analyses indicated that the expression of several anthocyanin biosynthetic genes was induced by LTs, as were members of the R2R3-MYB, basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) and WD40 transcription factor families that are thought to act in a complex. We propose that anthocyanin biosynthesis is differentially regulated in the three cultivars by LTs via the expression of members of this anthocyanin regulatory complex.

Metabolic profiling and gene expression analysis provides insights into flavonoid and anthocyanin metabolism in poplar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruru Tian ◽  
Qianqian Li ◽  
Shupei Rao ◽  
Aike Wang ◽  
Hechen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Woody Perennial ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Coloration ◽  
Myb Genes

Abstract Poplar, a woody perennial model, is a common and widespread tree genus. We cultivated two red leaf poplar varieties from bud mutation of Populus sp. Linn. ‘2025’ (also known as Zhonglin 2025, L2025 for shot): Populus deltoides varieties with bright red leaves (LHY) and completely red leaves (QHY). After measuring total contents of flavonoid, anthocyanin, chlorophyll, and carotenoid metabolites, a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry system was used for the relative quantification of widely targeted metabolites in leaves of three poplar varieties. A total of 210 flavonoid metabolites (89 flavones, 40 flavonols, 25 flavanones, 18 anthocyanins, 16 isoflavones, 7 dihydroflavonols, 7 chalcones, 5 proanthocyanidins, and 3 other flavonoid metabolites) were identified. Compared with L2025, 48 and 8 flavonoids were more and less abundant, respectively, in LHY, whereas 51 and 9 flavonoids were more and less abundant in QHY, respectively. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the metabolic network, gene expression levels were analyzed by deep-sequencing to screen for potential reference genes for the red leaves. Most phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway involved genes were differentially expressed among the examined varieties. Gene expression analysis also revealed several potential anthocyanin biosynthesis regulators including three MYB genes. The study results provide new insights into poplar flavonoid metabolites and represent the theoretical basis for future studies on leaf coloration in this model tree species.

scholarly journals The Structure and Methylation Level of the McMYB10 Promoter Determine the Leaf Color of Malus Crabapple

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Tian ◽  
Ke-ting Li ◽  
Shi-ya Zhang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Ting-ting Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylation Level ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Leaf Coloration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Myb10 Transcription Factor

Anthocyanins are protective pigments that accumulate in plant organs such as fruits and leaves, and are nutritionally valuable components of the human diet. The MYB10 transcription factor (TF) plays an important role in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in Malus crabapple leaves. However, little is known about how the promoter regulates McMYB10 expression and influences the substantial variation in leaf anthocyanin accumulation and coloration that is observed in different crabapple cultivars. In this study, we analyzed leaf coloration, anthocyanin levels, and the expression levels of McMYB10 in the leaves of 15 crabapple cultivars with three leaf colors at various development stages, and showed that the expression of McMYB10 correlates positively with anthocyanin accumulation. We also examined the relationship between the number of R6 and R1 elements in the McMYB10 promoters of the different cultivars and the pigmentation of the new buds of spring-red cultivars, as well as the methylation level of the McMYB10 promoters at different development stages in three representative crabapple cultivars. The ratio of R6/R1 minisatellites in the promoters correlated with the color and anthocyanin accumulation in new crabapple buds, and we concluded that the differences in promoter structure and methylation level of the McMYB10 promoters coordinately affect the leaf color of crabapple cultivars.

scholarly journals Simultaneous changes in anthocyanin, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents produce green variegation in pink–leaved ornamental kale

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Xin Feng ◽  
Yuting Zhang ◽  
Fuhui Zhou ◽  
Pengfang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Leaf Coloration ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Ornamental Kale

Abstract Background Anthocyanin, chlorophyll, and carotenoid pigments are widely distributed in plants, producing various colors. Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC) which has colorful inner leaves is an ideal plant to explore how these three pigments contribute to leaf color. The molecular mechanisms of the coloration in ornamental kale could provide reference for exploring the mechanisms of pigmentation in other plants. Results In this study, we sequenced the transcriptome and determined the pigment contents of an unusual cultivar of ornamental kale with three different types of leaf coloration: pink (C3), light pink (C2), and variegated pink–green (C1). A total of 23,965 differentially expressed genes were detected in pairwise comparisons among the three types of leaves. The results indicate that Bo9g058630 coding dihydroflavonol 4–reductase (DFR) and Bo3g019080 coding shikimate O–hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) acted in anthocyanin biosynthesis in pink leaves. Bo1g053420 coding pheophorbidase (PPD) and Bo3g012430 coding 15–cis–phytoene synthase (crtB) were identified as candidate genes for chlorophyll metabolism and carotenoid biosynthesis, respectively. The transcription factors TT8, MYBL2, GATA21, GLK2, and RR1 might participate in triggering the leaf color change in ornamental kale. Anthocyanin content was highest in C3 and lowest in C1. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were lowest in C2 and highest in C1. Conclusions Based on these findings, we suspected that the decrease in anthocyanin biosynthesis and the increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis might be the reason for the leaf changing from pink to variegate pink–green in this unusual cultivar. Our research provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of leaf coloration in ornamental kale, contributing to a theoretical foundation for breeding new varieties.

scholarly journals Genomic Variance and Transcriptional Comparisons Reveal the Mechanisms of Leaf Color Affecting Palatability and Stressed Defense in Tea Plant

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuewen Wang ◽  
Ben-ying Liu ◽  
Qingshi Zhao ◽  
Xuemei Sun ◽  
Youyong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Leaf Coloration ◽  
Genomic Variance ◽  
Alternatively Spliced ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Purple Coloration ◽  
Tea Cultivar

Leaves are one of the most important organs of plants, and yet, the association between leaf color and consumable traits remains largely unclear. Tea leaves are an ideal study system with which to investigate the mechanism of how leaf coloration affects palatability, since tea is made from the leaves of the crop Camellia sinensis. Our genomic resequencing analysis of a tea cultivar ZiJuan (ZJ) with purple leaves and altered flavor revealed genetic variants when compared with the green-leaf, wild type cultivar YunKang(YK). RNA-Seq based transcriptomic comparisons of the bud and two youngest leaves in ZJ and YK identified 93%, 9% and 5% expressed genes that were shared in YK- and ZJ-specific cultivars, respectively. A comparison of both transcript abundance and particular metabolites revealed that the high expression of gene UFGT for anthocyanin biosynthesis is responsible for purple coloration, which competes with the intermediates for catechin-like flavanol biosynthesis. Genes with differential expression are enriched in response to stress, heat and defense, and are casually correlated with the environmental stress of ZJ plant origin in the Himalayas. In addition, the highly expressed C4H and LDOX genes for synthesizing flavanol precursors, ZJ-specific CLH1 for degrading chlorophyll, alternatively spliced C4H and FDR and low photosynthesis also contributed to the altered color and flavor of ZJ. Thus, our study provides a better molecular understanding of the effect of purple coloration on leaf flavor, and helps to guide future engineering improvement of palatability.

scholarly journals Herbaria Reveal Herbivory and Pathogen Increases and Shifts in Senescence for Northeastern United States Maples Over 150 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Garretson ◽  
Rebecca E. Forkner
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Herbivore Damage ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Leaf Coloration ◽  
Autumn Leaf ◽  
And Shifts

Recent studies suggest climate-related delays in the timing of leaf coloration and abscission in maple trees but lack baseline data prior to the late 20th century. To better understand how autumn foliar phenology and late-season damage risks have changed for this genus over the past century, we evaluated 2,972 digitized herbaria specimens of red and sugar maple collected between 1826 and 2016 for the presence of leaves, autumn leaf coloration, and pathogen or herbivore damage. We found that the onset (first appearance) of colored leaves has shifted 0.26 days later each year, leading to a delay of more than a month in autumn phenology since 1880. We find that these shifts are related to precipitation regimes in both the fall and summer seasons and that more severe droughts are associated with higher probabilities of colored leaves. Moreover, we found that the probability of both herbivory and pathogen damage has increased significantly over the study period. In particular, we find a strong association between increasing summer drought conditions and increased probability of herbivory. Furthermore, the presence of foliar damage increased the probability of leaf coloration on herbaria specimens. However, the end-of-season abscission date (last appearance of leaves) was strongly associated with herbivory and climate in a contrary direction: Increasing yearly drought, higher fall temperatures, and the presence of herbivory were associated with earlier abscission. In fact, the last leaf dates for specimens with herbivory were nearly 2 weeks earlier than specimens without herbivore damage. Our study documents significant changes in maple senescence over the last 150 years and suggests that incorporating herbivory into models may improve our ability to predict forest responses to climate shifts.

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