Particulate matter air pollution components and risk for lung cancer

Air pollution has been recognized as a global health problem, causing around 7 million deaths worldwide and representing one of the highest environmental crises that we are now facing. Close to 30% of new lung cancer cases are associated with air pollution, and the impact is more evident in major cities. In this review, we summarize and discuss the evidence regarding the effect of particulate matter (PM) and its impact in carcinogenesis, considering the “hallmarks of cancer” described by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2000 and 2011 as a guide to describing the findings that support the impact of particulate matter during the cancer continuum.

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Ambient Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoking: Co-Drivers of Increased Burden of Lung Cancer in Europe

10.20944/preprints202001.0091.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maybin Kalubula ◽

Heqing Shen ◽

Longjian Liu

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Lung Cancer Mortality ◽

Small Cell ◽

World Health ◽

Adeno Carcinoma

Background: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with 25% of deaths due to lung cancer occurring in Europe. This study therefore sought to assess the burden of lung cancer by country and to evaluate the magnitude of fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and cigarette smoking by country in Europe. Methods: An ecological study nested on the World Health Organization air pollution database 2016 was conducted. We sampled 30 European Countries, with a total of 1625 mean annual samples of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) collected from 1625 designated sites (n = 1625). We further used the ‘World Health Disease Rankings’ database to extract Lung Cancer Morbidity and Mortality Rate by country. We used SAS version 9.4 to indicate the distribution of PM2.5 and Lung Cancer Mortality Rate. Results: Lung cancer Relative Risk (RR) was 1.0 in all never- smokers. RR for Ex-smokers for Adeno carcinoma was 3.5 in males and 1.1 in females, small cell carcinoma was 16.2 in males and 3.8 in females. RR for current smokers for Adeno carcinoma was 8.0 in males and 4.1 in females, small cell carcinoma was 57.9 in males and 18.2 in females. Mean annual PM2.5 by country ranged from 6.01 to 37.28µg/m3 whereas lung cancer mortality rate by country ranged from 19.67 to 54.26 deaths per 100,000 population. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking and exposure to both second hand smoke and high concentration of PM2.5 resulted into increased burden of lung cancer in Europe. Countries should re-strategize to reduce the burden of lung cancer in Europe.

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Particulate Matter Air Pollution Exposure, Distance to Road, and Incident Lung Cancer in the Nurses’ Health Study Cohort

Environmental Health Perspectives ◽

10.1289/ehp.1307490 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 122 (9) ◽

pp. 926-932 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Robin C. Puett ◽

Jaime E. Hart ◽

Jeff D. Yanosky ◽

Donna Spiegelman ◽

Molin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Health Study ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Air Pollution Exposure ◽

Pollution Exposure

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Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution and the risk of lung cancer among participants of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study

International Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1002/ijc.30255 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 139 (9) ◽

pp. 1958-1966 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Anna Tomczak ◽

Anthony B. Miller ◽

Scott A. Weichenthal ◽

Teresa To ◽

Claus Wall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Breast Screening ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Fine Particulate ◽

National Breast ◽

Screening Study

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Association between particulate matter air pollution and lung cancer

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213722 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 85-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zhenyu Zhang ◽

Dawei Zhu ◽

Bin Cui ◽

Ruoxi Ding ◽

Xuefeng Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Low Income ◽

Population Attributable Risk ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Middle Income ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

Particulate Matter 2.5

Long-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 μm (PM2.5) air pollution is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. However, the evidence is limited in low-income and middle-income countries. We estimated the association between the incidence of lung cancer and PM2.5 air pollution exposure in the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) beneficiaries in China. A total of 16 483 new lung cancer cases diagnosed from 12 966 137 UEBMI beneficiaries from 36 cities between 2013 and 2016. The relative risk for lung cancer associated with a 10 µg/m3 increase in 3-year PM2.5 exposure was 1.12 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.26). The population attributable risk estimated for a reduction in PM2.5 concentration to 35 µg/m3 corresponded to a decrease of 14% in cases of lung cancer. Reducing PM2.5 air pollution has a significant public health benefit.

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AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10 AND PM2.5) AIR POLLUTION IN DESNIANSKY DISTRICT IN KYIV

Hygiene of populated places ◽

10.32402/hygiene2017.67.031 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (67) ◽

pp. 31-37

Author(s):

O. Turos ◽

◽

T. Maremukha ◽

I. Kobzarenko ◽

A. Petrosian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Ambient Particulate Matter ◽

Pm10 And Pm2.5

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Vicious Cycle of Economic Growth, Pm2.5 and COVID-19 Case of G7 Countries

10.31124/advance.12937019.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rıdvan Karacan

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Panel Cointegration ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Population Exposure ◽

Causality Analysis ◽

G7 Countries

Today, production is carried out depending on fossil fuels. Fossil fuels pollute the air as they contain high levels of carbon. Many studies have been carried out on the economic costs of air pollution. However, in the present study, unlike the former ones, economic growth's relationship with the COVID-19 virus in addition to air pollution was examined. The COVID-19 virus, which was initially reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and affected the whole world, has caused many cases and deaths. Researchers have been going on studying how the virus is transmitted. Some of these studies suggest that the number of virus-related cases increases in regions with a high level of air pollution. Based on this fact, it is thought that air pollution will increase the number of COVID-19 cases in G7 Countries where industrial production is widespread. Therefore, the negative aspects of economic growth, which currently depends on fossil fuels, is tried to be revealed. The research was carried out for the period between 2000-2019. Panel cointegration test and panel causality analysis were used for the empirical analysis. Particulate matter known as PM2.5[1] was used as an indicator of air pollution. Consequently, a positive long-term relationship has been identified between PM2.5 and economic growth. This relationship also affects the number of COVID-19 cases. [1] "Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an air pollutant that poses the greatest risk to health globally, affecting more people than any other pollutant (WHO, 2018). Chronic exposure to PM2.5 considerably increases the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in particular (WHO, 2018). For these reasons, population exposure to (outdoor or ambient) PM2.5 has been identified as an OECD Green Growth headline indicator" (OECD.Stat).

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