scholarly journals An analysis of cumulative risks based on biomonitoring data for six phthalates using the Maximum Cumulative Ratio

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette M. Reyes ◽  
Paul S. Price
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Risks ◽  
Maximum Cumulative Ratio

scholarly journals A Perspective of the Cumulative Risks from Climate Change on Mt. Everest: Findings from the 2019 Expedition

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1928
Author(s):  
Kimberley R. Miner ◽  
Paul Andrew Mayewski ◽  
Mary Hubbard ◽  
Kenny Broad ◽  
Heather Clifford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
National Geographic ◽  
Glacier Melt ◽  
Cumulative Risks

In 2019, the National Geographic and Rolex Perpetual Planet Everest expedition successfully retrieved the greatest diversity of scientific data ever from the mountain. The confluence of geologic, hydrologic, chemical and microbial hazards emergent as climate change increases glacier melt is significant. We review the findings of increased opportunity for landslides, water pollution, human waste contamination and earthquake events. Further monitoring and policy are needed to ensure the safety of residents, future climbers, and trekkers in the Mt. Everest watershed.

scholarly journals Age Conditional Probability of Ocular and Ocular Adnexal Malignancies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mathias Nittmann ◽  
Curtis E. Margo
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pedagogical Tool ◽  
United States Population ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Cumulative Risks ◽  
Adjusted Incidence ◽  
Communicating Risk

<b><i>Aim:</i></b> The aim of this study was to discuss and illustrate the role age-conditional probability has in communicating risk of developing ocular and ocular adnexal malignancies. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Cross-sectional incidence for retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma, conjunctival melanoma, and lacrimal gland carcinomas from 2000 to 2017 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Incidence rates were age-adjusted to the 2000 United States population. Age-adjusted incidence was converted to age-interval and cumulative risks. Outcomes were examined in 20-year intervals and cumulatively for adult cancers and yearly for retinoblastoma. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The risk of each malignancy displayed age-dependent variation. For adult malignancies, men were at higher risk at most age intervals. Uveal melanoma had the greatest cumulative lifetime risk. The probability of developing retinoblastoma declines precipitously after age 3 years. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Age-conditional probability of developing cancer is a conceptually friendly means of understanding and communicating risk. It is particularly useful in comparing the risks of uncommon or rare cancers, such as those found in and around the eye. The assessment of risk in terms of age-conditional probability is a versatile and an underutilized pedagogical tool.

scholarly journals Cumulative risks of colorectal cancer in Han Chinese patients with Lynch syndrome in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abram Bunya Kamiza ◽  
Wen-Chang Wang ◽  
Jeng-Fu You ◽  
Reiping Tang ◽  
Huei-Tzu Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lynch Syndrome ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Germline Mutations ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Amsterdam Criteria ◽  
Cumulative Risks ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractPatients with Lynch syndrome have a high risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we estimated the age- and sex-specific cumulative risks of CRC in Han Chinese patients with Lynch syndrome caused by the pathogenic germline mutations in MLH1 or MSH2 in Taiwan. Based on 321 mutation carriers and 419 non-mutation carriers from 75 pedigrees collected in an Amsterdam criteria family registry in Taiwan, the age- and sex-specific cumulative risks of CRC in male carriers of mutation in MLH1 and MSH2 at the age of 70 years were 60.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 31.1%–89.9%) and 76.7% (95% CI = 37.2%–99.0%), respectively. For females, the cumulative risks of CRC at the age of 70 were estimated to be 30.6% (95% CI = 14.3%–57.7%) and 49.3% (95% CI = 21.9%–84.5%) in the carriers of MLH1 and MSH2 germline mutations, respectively. In conclusion, the cumulative risks of CRC at the age of 70 in the Han Chinese patients is higher in mutation carriers than non-mutation carriers and male mutation carriers have a higher cumulative risk of developing CRC than the female mutation carriers.

Endovascular treatment of a fusiform basilar artery aneurysm using multiple “in-stent stents”

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Webster Crowley ◽  
Avery J. Evans ◽  
Neal F. Kassell ◽  
Mary E. Jensen ◽  
Aaron S. Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Endovascular Techniques ◽  
Basilar Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Open Surgical Treatment ◽  
Cumulative Risks ◽  
Frequent Presence

Fusiform aneurysms of the basilar artery present difficult challenges for the treating physician. On one hand, these aneurysms are difficult and dangerous to treat. On the other, the relatively high rupture rate, risk of thromboemboli, and the frequent presence of mass effect on the brainstem often demand treatment rather than observation. While conservative treatment may be reasonable in an elderly patient, the relative resiliency and the larger lifetime cumulative risks of pediatric patients are compelling arguments for treatment. With the advancement of endovascular techniques some of these lesions have become treatable without the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with open surgical treatment, albeit with risks of their own. The authors present the case of a fusiform aneurysm arising from a severely tortuous basilar artery in a 22-month-old boy. The aneurysm was successfully treated using flow diversion by placing multiple intracranial stents without coil embolization. This allowed for thrombosis of the aneurysm and resolution of the mass effect on the brainstem without compromising blood flow to the brainstem.

scholarly journals Using exposomics to assess cumulative risks and promote health

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyn T. Smith ◽  
Rosemarie de la Rosa ◽  
Sarah I. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Risks

Nonfocal Symptoms in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack and Association with Stroke Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuxiang Yang ◽  
Lu Zhao ◽  
Lulu Pei ◽  
Shuang Cao ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transient Ischemic Attack ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
First Year ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Predictive Outcome ◽  
One Year ◽  
Ischemic Attack ◽  
Cumulative Risks

Background and Objective: Patients with transient ischemic attack（TIA）occasionally showed nonfocal symptoms, such as decreased consciousness, amnesia and non-rotatory dizziness. This study intended to evaluate the effect of nonfocal symptoms on the prognosis of patients with TIA. Methods: Data from the prospective hospital-based TIA database of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were analyzed. The predictive outcome was stroke occurrence at 1 year. Cumulative risks of stroke in patients with and without nonfocal symptoms were estimated with Kaplan-Meier models. Results: We studied 1384 patients with TIA (842 men; mean age, 56±13 years), including 450 (32.5%) with nonfocal symptoms. In the first year after TIA, stroke occurred in 168（12.1%） patients. There was no difference in the risk of stroke between patients with both focal and nonfocal symptoms and patients with focal symptoms alone (11.8% vs 12.4%, log-rank; P=0.691). Conclusions: The occurrence of nonfocal symptoms did not increase the risk of stroke at one-year follow-up compared to the occurrence of focal symptoms alone.

scholarly journals P246 Long-term prognosis of ulcerative colitis and its temporal changes between 1986 and 2015 in a population-based cohort in the Songpa-Kangdong district of Seoul, Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S271-S271
Author(s):  
J M Cha ◽  
S H Park ◽  
K H Rhee ◽  
S N Hong ◽  
Y H Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Cumulative Risks

Abstract Background No population-based study has evaluated the natural course of ulcerative colitis (UC) over three decades in non-Caucasians. We aimed to assess the long-term natural course of Korean patients with UC in a population-based cohort. Methods This Korean population-based SK-IBD cohort included all patients (N = 1013) newly diagnosed with UC during 1986–2015. Disease outcomes and their predictors were evaluated. Results During the median follow-up of 105 months, the overall use of systemic corticosteroids, thiopurines, and anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents was 40.8%, 13.9%, and 6.5%, respectively. Over time, the cumulative risk of commencing corticosteroids decreased, whereas that of commencing thiopurines and anti-TNF agents increased. During follow-up, 28.7% of 778 patients with proctitis or left-sided colitis at diagnosis experienced proximal disease extension. A total of 28 patients (2.8%) underwent colectomy, demonstrating cumulative risks of colectomy at 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 years after diagnosis of 1.0%, 1.9%, 2.2%, 5.1%, and 6.4%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that extensive colitis at diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] 8.249, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.394–28.430), ever use of corticosteroids (HR 6.437, 95% CI 1.440–28.773), and diagnosis in the anti-TNF era (HR 0.224, 95% CI 0.057–0.886) were independent predictors of colectomy. The standardised mortality ratio in UC patients was 0.725 (95% CI 0.508–1.004). Conclusion Korean UC patients may have a better clinical course than Western patients, as indicated by a lower colectomy rate. The overall colectomy rate has continued to decrease over the past three decades.

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