Power to the people: Collaborative watershed management in the Cuyahoga River Area of Concern (AOC)

Gender Bias in the Media: The Case of Iceland

Icelandic Review of Politics & Administration ◽

10.13177/irpa.a.2015.11.2.5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 207

Author(s):

Valgerður Jóhannsdóttir ◽

Þorgerður Einarsdóttir

Keyword(s):

Gender Stereotypes ◽

News Media ◽

Media Industry ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Representation Of Women ◽

The People ◽

The Media ◽

Area Of Concern ◽

Media Monitoring ◽

The Relationship

The news media are the most influential sources of information, ideas and opinion for most people around the world. Who appears in the news and who is left out, what is covered and what is not and how people and events are portrayed matter. Research has consistently shown that women are underrepresented in the news and that gender stereotypes are reinforced in and through the media. The 1995 Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action recognised the relationship between women and media as a major area of concern in achieving gender equality in contemporary societies. This article presents Nordic findings from the 2015 Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP), which is the largest and longest-running study on gender in the world’s media. The findings show that women account for only 1 in 5 of the people interviewed or reported on by Icelandic news media and that women’s overall presence in the news has declined compared to the last GMMP study in 2010. The proportion of women as news subjects is also considerably lower than in other Nordic countries. We argue that the number of women who are journalists, managers in the media industry and decision makers in society has increased, but this shift has not automatically changed the representation of women in the news, either in numbers or in their portrayal. This discrepancy indicates that the relationship between gender and the news media is complicated and needs to be approached from different perspectives.

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Editorial: Are They Listening? Policymakers and Their Role in Public Education

Research in Educational Policy and Management ◽

10.46303/repam.02.01.ed ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. i-iii

Author(s):

Abbie R. Strunc

Keyword(s):

Public Education ◽

News Media ◽

The United States ◽

Unintended Consequences ◽

Grassroots Organizations ◽

Media Advocacy ◽

The Public ◽

The People ◽

Cyclical Process ◽

Area Of Concern

In the United States the policy making process claims to be a cyclical process which drives politicians, dictates policies drafted, and legislation ultimately passed. The process begins with the people bringing issues, ideas, and concerns to the attention of the news media, advocacy groups, grassroots organizations, or interest groups. Ideally these groups connect the concerns of the people to elected officials and/ or courts who respond by creating policies which address these concerns. This is an over-simplified ideal. The reality of policymaking is messy, partisan, and the results frequently fail to address the concerns of the public, or create more unintended consequences than solve problems. Public education is an area of concern most familiar with unintended consequences.

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Analysis of Earthen Road Construction and Land Degradation in the Tankhuwakhola Watershed of Dhankuta District

The Geographic Base ◽

10.3126/tgb.v7i0.34281 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 113-126

Author(s):

Tika Ram Linkha ◽

Dil Kumar Rai ◽

Shambhu Prasad Khatiwada

Keyword(s):

Watershed Management ◽

Land Degradation ◽

Spatial Data ◽

Road Construction ◽

Management Program ◽

Master Plan ◽

Watershed Area ◽

The People ◽

Integrated Watershed Management ◽

Million Cubic Meter

Earthen road construction has resulted land degradation in the Tankhuwakhola watershed of Dhankuta district, eastern hills of Nepal. The community living near the highway has dramatically changed in their way of living with the adoption of commercial crops. As a result, the people who lived far from the access of roads have interested in the expansion of agricultural link roads to their community. The local government had prepared a District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) and identified 25 rural earthen road schemes in the Tankhuwakhola watershed. The local people have also given high priority to road construction for increasing access to markets, education, health services and other facilities. The analysis of both spatial and non-spatial data reveals that the watershed area losses 1.8 million cubic meter soils due to the cause of earthen road construction. As a result, the area is suffering from the problem of the landslide, soil erosion that ultimately result of land degradation. This paper concludes that the acceleration of land degradation has exerted to the sustainability of population-resource relation. The watershed area has been producing more profitable commercial crops for exporting outside from the hills since the construction of the Koshi highway. The watershed needs an integrated watershed management program to address human-induced vulnerability and sustainability of watershed resources.

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AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF TAXATION LITERACY AMONG INDIVIDUALS

EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review ◽

10.36713/epra9273 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 7-11

Author(s):

Dr. Mridula Singhal ◽

Ankit Verma

Keyword(s):

Tax Evasion ◽

Financial Literacy ◽

Tax Planning ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Planning System ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

The People ◽

Tax Management ◽

Area Of Concern ◽

The Impact

Over the recent years, taxation literacy has become a major area of concern for governments, banks, community service groups, other similar organizations, and people in India. People largely lack basic knowledge about financial matters, required to take household decisions, day-to-day money management as well as saving for the long term. Taxation literacy is defined as the knowledge which an individual should possess to manage the issues concerning personal taxation effectively. It helps the individuals in assessing their tax liability, tax management, and tax planning too. Lack of financial and taxation literacy often makes people vulnerable to a financial crisis. It also adversely affects market operations and competitive forces. On the other hand, people who are well informed and well knowledgeable can help to create a more competitive and more efficient financial and tax planning system. The basic purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between financial and taxation literacy among the people, the impact of various government awareness programs on salaried individuals. An illiterate person may arise issues related to tax evasion which is illegal in Indian perspectives. Descriptive type of research will be used to describe the meaning of taxation literacy and review various research papers. Data will be collected from secondary sources. The later section of this review paper observes the views of the different researchers on taxation literacy and will give valued suggestions and future viewpoints on the same. KEYWORDS: Taxation Literacy, Financial Literacy, Tax Management, Tax Planning, People

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Conceptualising Flooding Systems Globally and Preferred Adaptation Strategies Locally under Climate Change

Jalawaayu ◽

10.3126/jalawaayu.v1i1.36449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 47-59

Author(s):

Rohini Devkota

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Watershed Management ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Adaptation Strategies ◽

Risk Level ◽

Catchment Management ◽

Household Level ◽

The People ◽

The Impact ◽

Flood Adaptation

Climate induced natural disasters and extreme events are escalating with the increased variability of climatic parameters due to climate change. This study assesses the flood adaptation strategies that are applicable at the community level in two Terai districts of Nepal. This research aimed to analyse existing and preferred future flood adaptation strategies in a flood prone West Rapti River (WRR) Basin of Nepal, and a social survey of 240 households (HHs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). The specific objectives were to identify flood adaptation strategies based on people’s perception. Flood inundation maps are generated for four scenarios based on return periods: Scenario I; Scenario II; Scenario III; and Scenario IV. Peoples’ choice of flood mitigation strategies mainly depends on the current needs of the people and their knowledge of harm. Current needs govern current choices while the basis of future choice is generally made on the degree of the impact or perceived risk of the hazard. This can be clearly seen from the ranking made by the people for Scenarios I and IV. “Household level preparation /management” was ranked first for Scenario I while in Scenario IV “Watershed management” was ranked highest. “Watershed management” was felt to be an important strategy, as it was second ranked even in Scenarios II and III. People may have realised that the mounting flood risk is increasing with time and that such risk can be reduced only through catchment management. When the risk is considered as of low level, people try first to adapt to it at the personal and household level. However, when the risk level increases, people look for alternatives or higher levels of adaptation. The perceptions of people in the study were found to be in agreement with these findings: as the flood risk increases from Scenario I to Scenario IV, the movement in choice of strategies changed accordingly. It can be concluded that when people are well-informed, they will do long term planning and formulate appropriate strategies. This research provides an overall framework for deriving potential mitigation and adaptation strategies to flood for Nepal in particular and other developing countries in general.

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The glycomes of Caenorhabditis elegans and other model organisms

Biochemical Society Symposium ◽

10.1042/bss0690117 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 69 ◽

pp. 117-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Stuart M. Haslam ◽

David Gems ◽

Howard R. Morris ◽

Anne Dell

Keyword(s):

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Structural Data ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Entire Genome ◽

C Elegans ◽

The Face ◽

Area Of Concern ◽

Nematode Worm

There is no doubt that the immense amount of information that is being generated by the initial sequencing and secondary interrogation of various genomes will change the face of glycobiological research. However, a major area of concern is that detailed structural knowledge of the ultimate products of genes that are identified as being involved in glycoconjugate biosynthesis is still limited. This is illustrated clearly by the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which was the first multicellular organism to have its entire genome sequenced. To date, only limited structural data on the glycosylated molecules of this organism have been reported. Our laboratory is addressing this problem by performing detailed MS structural characterization of the N-linked glycans of C. elegans; high-mannose structures dominate, with only minor amounts of complex-type structures. Novel, highly fucosylated truncated structures are also present which are difucosylated on the proximal N-acetylglucosamine of the chitobiose core as well as containing unusual Fucα1–2Gal1–2Man as peripheral structures. The implications of these results in terms of the identification of ligands for genomically predicted lectins and potential glycosyltransferases are discussed in this chapter. Current knowledge on the glycomes of other model organisms such as Dictyostelium discoideum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster is also discussed briefly.

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