118–115 Ma magmatism in the Tethyan Himalaya igneous province: Constraints on Early Cretaceous rifting of the northern margin of Greater India

2018 ◽  
Vol 491 ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Sheng Chen ◽  
Wei-Ming Fan ◽  
Ren-Deng Shi ◽  
Xiao-Han Liu ◽  
Xue-Jun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
Tethyan Himalaya

Expanse of greater india in the cretaceous

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Meng ◽  
Stuart Gilder ◽  
Yalin Li ◽  
Chengshan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Indian Plate ◽  
Paleomagnetic Data ◽  
Fundamental Parameter ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Indian Lithosphere ◽  
Tethyan Himalaya

<p>Knowing the original size of Greater India is a fundamental parameter to quantify the amount of continental lithosphere that was subducted to help form the Tibetan Plateau and to constrain the tectonic evolution of the India-Asia collision. Here, we report Early Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from the central and eastern Tethyan Himalaya that yield paleolatitudes consistent with previous Early Cretaceous paleogeographic reconstructions. These data suggest Greater India extended at least 2,675 ± 720 and 1,950 ± 970 km farther north from the present northern margin of India at 83.6°E and 92.4°E, respectively. The paleomagnetic data from Upper Cretaceous rocks of the western Tethyan Himalaya that are consistent with a model that Greater India extended ~2700 km farther north from its present northern margin at the longitude of 79.6°E before collision with Asia. Our result further suggests that the Indian plate, together with Greater India, acted as a single entity since at least the Early Cretaceous. An area of lithosphere ≥4.7 × 10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>2</sup> was consumed through subduction, thereby placing a strict limit on the minimum amount of Indian lithosphere consumed since the breakup of Gondwanaland. The pre-collision geometry of Greater India’s leading margin helped shape the India-Asia plate boundary. The proposed configuration produced right lateral shear east of the indenter, thereby accounting for the clockwise vertical axis block rotations observed there.</p>

The Tethyan Himalaya igneous province: Early melting products of the Kerguelen mantle plume

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Sheng Chen ◽  
Wei-Ming Fan ◽  
Ren-Deng Shi ◽  
Ji-Feng Xu ◽  
Yong-Min Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Plume ◽  
Crustal Contamination ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Mafic Rocks ◽  
Os Isotopes ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Low Degrees ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tethyan Himalaya

Abstract The Kerguelen large igneous province (LIP) has been related to mantle plume activity since at least 120 Ma. There are some older (147–130 Ma) magmatic provinces on circum-eastern Gondwana, but the relationship between these provinces and the Kerguelen mantle plume remains controversial. Here we present petrological, geochronological, geochemical, and Sr–Nd–Hf–Pb–Os isotopic data for high-Ti mafic rocks from two localities (Cuona and Jiangzi) in the eastern Tethyan Himalaya igneous province (147–130 Ma). Zircon grains from these two localities yielded concordant weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of 137.25 ± 0.98 and 131.28 ± 0.78 Ma (2σ), respectively. The analyzed mafic rocks are enriched in high field strength elements and have positive Nb–Ta anomalies relative to Th and La, which have ocean island basalt-like characteristics. The Cuona basalts were generated by low degrees of melting (3–5%) of garnet lherzolites (3–5 vol.% garnet), and elsewhere the Jiangzi diabases were formed by relatively lower degrees of melting (1–3%) of garnet lherzolite (1–5 vol.% garnet). The highly radiogenic Os and Pb isotopic compositions of the Jiangzi diabases were produced by crustal contamination, but the Cuona basalts experienced the least crustal contamination given their relatively low γOs(t), 206Pb/204Pbi, 207Pb/204Pbi, and 208Pb/204Pbi values. Major and trace element geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf–Pb–Os isotope data for the Cuona basalts are similar to products of the Kerguelen mantle plume head. Together with high mantle potential temperatures (>1500°C), this suggests that the eastern Tethyan Himalaya igneous province (147–130 Ma) was an early magmatic product of the Kerguelen plume. A mantle plume initiation model can explain the temporal and spatial evolution of the Kerguelen LIP, and pre-continental break-up played a role in the breakup of eastern Gondwana, given the >10 Myr between initial mantle plume activity (147–130 Ma) and continental break-up (132–130 Ma). Like studies of Re-Os isotopes in other LIPs, the increasing amount of crustal assimilation with distance from the plume stem can explain the variations in radiogenic Os.

Mesozoic salt tectonics in the Toulon Belt, Eastern Provence : Inversion of a salt-rich fault zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Wicker ◽  
Mary Ford
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complex Salt ◽  
Salt Diapir ◽  
Lateral Migration ◽  
Northern Flank ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Thickness Variations

<p>Detailed structural and stratigraphic field mapping is used to reconstruct the Jurassic to Late Cretaceous diapiric and tectonic evolution of the Toulon Fault Zone, eastern Beausset Syncline and Toulon Belt, southern France, which represents the easternmost vestige of the Pyrenean orogen in Provence. This complex salt-rich area records a complete history from Jurassic-early Cretaceous subsidence and Aptian-Albian oblique rifting to Late Cretaceous Pyrenean-Provençal shortening. Halokinetic sequences and geometries were preserved principally on the northern flank of the Mont Caume salt diapir sourced from the Upper Triassic Keuper unit. Our field observations are best explained by a model where halokinetic activity interacted with regional deviatoric stresses from early-Jurassic to Santonian/Campanian times. Halokinetic wedges of Jurassic and Early Cretaceous carbonates thin toward the diapir, recording early salt mobilisation. Inverted relics of Apto-Albian rift depocenters are aligned along the northern margin of the Toulon Belt and the adjacent Bandol belt that lies to the west.  The Turonian-Coniacian Revest depocenter developed due to localized strong asymmetrical growth of the Mont Caume diapir. The three-dimensional form and growth of the diapir controlled lateral migration of the Revest depocenter, thickness variations, progressive unconformities, and the westward increase in stratal overturning of a flap. A component of N-S compression with related accelerated halokinetic activity can explain our observations and can be considered as the earliest expression of N-S convergence in the Provencal fold belt.  Further west, the overturned Beausset klippe can be interpreted as the remnant of a megaflap on the northern flank of the Bandol diapir. The Toulon belt salt structures are excellent field analogues to others observed in the external Alps and Pyrenees.</p>

scholarly journals Early Cretaceous high-Ti and low-Ti mafic magmatism in Southeastern Tibet: Insights into magmatic evolution of the Comei Large Igneous Province

Lithos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 296-299 ◽  
pp. 396-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaying Wang ◽  
Lingsen Zeng ◽  
Paul D. Asimow ◽  
Li-E Gao ◽  
Chi Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Magmatic Evolution ◽  
Mafic Magmatism ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
Southeastern Tibet

Paleomagnetic results from the Early Cretaceous Lakang Formation lavas: Constraints on the paleolatitude of the Tethyan Himalaya and the India–Asia collision

2015 ◽  
Vol 428 ◽  
pp. 120-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianshui Yang ◽  
Yiming Ma ◽  
Weiwei Bian ◽  
Jingjie Jin ◽  
Shihong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Tethyan Himalaya

Secular evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the northern margin of the North China Craton: Insights from zoned olivine xenocrysts in Early Cretaceous basalts

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2353-2366
Author(s):  
Yao Xu ◽  
Hongfu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
North China Craton ◽  
Lithospheric Mantle ◽  
North China ◽  
Mantle Xenoliths ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Secular Evolution ◽  
The North ◽  
Peridotitic Mantle

Abstract Abundant zoned olivine xenocrysts from Early Cretaceous basalts of the Yixian Formation in western Liaoning Province, China, contain critical information about the nature and evolution of the lithospheric mantle of the northern North China Craton. These olivine xenocrysts are large (600–1600 µm), usually rounded and embayed, with well-developed cracks. Their cores have high and uniform forsterite (Fo) contents (88–91), similar to the peridotitic olivine entrained by regional Cenozoic basalts. Their rims have much lower Fo contents (74–82), comparable to phenocrysts (72–81) in the host basalts. These characteristics reveal that the zoned olivine has been disaggregated from mantle xenoliths and thus can be used to trace the underlying lithospheric mantle at the time of basaltic magmatism. The olivine cores have high oxygen isotope compositions (δ18OSMOW = 5.9–7.0‰) relative to the normal mantle value, suggesting that the Early Cretaceous lithospheric mantle was enriched and metasomatized mainly by melts/fluids released from subducted oceanic crust that had experienced low-temperature hydrothermal alteration. Preservation of zoned olivine xenocrysts in the Early Cretaceous basalts indicates that olivine-melt/fluid reaction could have been prevalent in the lithospheric mantle as an important mechanism for the transformation from old refractory (high-Mg) peridotitic mantle to young, fertile (low-Mg), and enriched lithospheric mantle during the early Mesozoic.

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