Validity, reliability and objectivity of the family history method in psychiatry: A meta analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Hardt ◽  
Petra Franke
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Family History ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
The Family ◽  
Better Than

AbstractBackgroundThe family history is a widely used method in psychiatry; but data on the method's objectivity, reliability and validity shows partly diverging results.MethodIn October 2005, a Medline search was conducted that yielded 7 studies regarding objectivity/reliability and 13 studies regarding validity. Results for six main groups of psychiatric diagnoses and any mental disorder were combined qualitatively for objectivity/reliability, and quantitatively for validity.ResultsObjectivity was generally high (κ in the 0.80 range). Reliability was high for any mental disorder, schizophrenia, substance abuse and depression (κ in the 0.70 range), and low or medium for anxiety (κ between 0.30 and 0.50). Results on validity displayed an OR = 148 for the family history for schizophrenia; OR = 64 for mania/bipolar disorder; and OR's between 8 and 194 for substance abuse, between 3 and 37 for depression, between 5 and 350 for personality disorders, between 2.5 and 49 for anxiety, and between 2.4 and 9 for any mental disorder.ConclusionThere is clear evidence that the family history provides results that are better than chance for all disorders examined. But variance among diagnostic groups and among studies is considerable.

Ascertaining psychiatric diagnoses with the family history method in a substance abuse population

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese A. Kosten ◽  
Susan F. Anton ◽  
Bruce J. Rounsaville
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
The Family

Substance abuse in patients with bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
pp. 338-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Messer ◽  
Gero Lammers ◽  
Florian Müller-Siecheneder ◽  
Raluca-Florela Schmidt ◽  
Sahar Latifi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Meta Analysis

The Association Between School Achievement and Subsequent Development of Bipolar Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S208-S209
Author(s):  
S.D. Pedersen ◽  
L. Petersen ◽  
O. Mors ◽  
S.D. Østergaard
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Rate Ratios

IntroductionPrior studies have indicated that both high and low school achievement are associated with development of bipolar disorder (BD). We believe that the latter association may be due to the confounding effect of family history of mental disorder.ObjectiveTo further investigate the association between school achievement and subsequent development of BD by adding adjustment for family history of mental disorder.MethodsWe are conducting a historical prospective cohort study based on data from nationwide Danish registers. The cohort consists of all individuals born in Denmark 1986–97 of Danish-born parents, who were alive and living in Denmark at age 16 years, and who have completed final examinations in 9th grade between 2002 and 2014 (n = 578,247). The cohort members will be followed until death, emigration, development of bipolar disorder, or end of study, whichever comes first. Hazard rate ratios for bipolar disorder will be calculated in a Cox model using the z-score for examination grades as unit of exposure. The regression analyses will be adjusted for a series of potential confounders including family history of mental disorder.ResultsWe expect to find a positive association between high school achievement and development of BD. In contrast, we expect to demonstrate that the association between low school achievement and BD detected in prior studies is due to confounding by family history of mental disorder. The results will be shown at the conference.ConclusionsBy further testing the potential link between eminence and BD, we hope to contribute to a more balanced perception of BD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Risk factors of asthma in the Asian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yie Sio ◽  
Fook Tim Chew
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Family History ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background and objective An increasing trend of asthma prevalence was observed in Asia; however, contributions of environmental and host-related risk factors to the development of this disease remain uncertain. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis for asthma-associated risk factors reported in Asia. Methods We systematically searched three public databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) in Feb 2021. We only included articles that reported environmental and host-related risk factors associated with asthma in the Asian population. Random-effect meta-analyses were conducted for frequently reported asthma-associated risk factors to provide an overall risk estimate of asthma development. Results Of 4030 records obtained from public databases, 289 articles were selected for review. The most frequently reported asthma-associated risk factor was the family history of allergy-related conditions. The random-effect asthma risk estimates (pooled odds ratio, OR) were 4.66 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.73–5.82) for the family history of asthma, 3.50 (95% CI: 2.62–4.67) for the family history of atopy, 3.57 (95% CI: 3.03–4.22) for the family history of any allergic diseases, 1.96 (95% CI: 1.47–2.61) for the family history of allergic rhinitis, and 2.75 (95% CI: 1.12–6.76) for the family history of atopic dermatitis. For housing-related factors, including the presence of mold, mold spots, mold odor, cockroach, water damage, and incense burning, the random-effect pooled OR ranged from 1.43 to 1.73. Other risk factors with significant pooled OR for asthma development included male gender (1.30, 95% CI: 1.23–1.38), cigarette smoke exposure (1.44, 95% CI: 1.30–1.60), cigarette smoking (1.66, 95% CI: 1.44–1.90), body mass index (BMI)–related parameters (pooled OR ranged from 1.06 to 2.02), various types of air pollution (NO2, PM10, and O3; pooled OR ranged from 1.03 to 1.22), and pre- and perinatal factors (low birth weight, preterm birth, and cesarean section; pooled OR ranged from 1.14 to 1.32). Conclusions The family history of asthma was the most frequently reported risk factor for asthma development in Asia with the highest risk estimate for asthma development. This suggests a major role of the genetic component in asthma pathogenesis. Further study on asthma genetics is required to improve the current understanding of asthma etiology.

Family History Study of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia

1983 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
James I. Hudson ◽  
Harrison G. Pope ◽  
Jeffrey M. Jonas ◽  
Deborah Yurgelun-Todd
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
The Family

SummaryThe 420 first-degree relatives of 14 patients with anorexia nervosa, 55 patients with bulimia, and 20 patients with both disorders were evaluated for the presence of psychiatric illness, using DSM-III criteria, by the family history method. The morbid risk for affective disorder in the families of the eating disorder probands was similar to that found in the families of patients with bipolar disorder; but was significantly greater than that found in the families of patients with schizophrenia or borderline personality disorder. These results add to the growing evidence that anorexia nervosa and bulimia are closely related to affective disorder.

Are Tryptophan and 5-Hydroxytryptophan Effective Treatments for Depression? A Meta-Analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Shaw ◽  
Jane Turner ◽  
Christopher Del Mar
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Grouped Data ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Better Than

Objective: To review the literature regarding the effectiveness of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT) and L-tryptophan in the treatment of unipolar depression. Methods: A systematic review of the literature from 1966 to 2000 using the search terms ‘tryptophan’, 5-hydroxytryptophan ′, ‘5-HTP’, ‘5-HT’ and ‘depression’. We extracted and grouped data for meta-analysis by pooling odds ratios (OR) and relative risks where possible. Results: One hundred and eight studies were located of which only two studies, one of 5-HT and one of L-tryptophan, with a total of 64 patients met sufficient quality criteria to be included. These studies suggest 5-HT and L-tryptophan are better than placebo at alleviating depression (Peto OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.3–13.2). However, the small size of the studies, and the large number of inadmissible, poorly executed studies, casts doubt on the result from potential publication bias, and suggests that they are insufficiently evaluated to assess their effectiveness. Conclusions: A large body of evidence was subjected to very basic criteria for assessing reliability and validity, and was found to largely be of insufficient quality to inform clinical practice. More well-designed studies are urgently required to enable an assessment of what may be an effective class of agents.

Parental Hostage Takers

1992 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Kennedy ◽  
D. E. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Family History ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Psychiatric Unit ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychiatric Intervention

Three men presented to a single regional secure psychiatric unit over a twelve-month period, after taking their youngest child hostage in their own homes because of a threatened separation from the family. In each case the episode had escalated because of hostility to police involvement in what for them was a typical domestic upheaval. All cases ended without injury. In each man, substance abuse, a family history of domestic violence and fears of rejection were prominent, and the recent birth of a child may have been an added precipitant. There may be a common family structure which predisposes to such situations. Psychiatric intervention was deemed appropriate, with some evidence of benefit for the two men who engaged in treatment.

scholarly journals Network meta-analysis: drawing conclusions regarding trials of psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (6) ◽  
pp. 334-336
Author(s):  
David J. Miklowitz ◽  
Andrea Cipriani ◽  
Guy M. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Trials ◽  
And Control ◽  
Indirect Comparisons

SummaryNetwork meta-analysis (NMA) is a statistical technique for making direct and indirect comparisons between different treatment and control groups. Despite its many advantages, NMA may be misleading when evaluating networks that are disconnected, inconsistent or of low reliability and validity. We review how well the analysis of trials of adjunctive psychosocial treatment in bipolar disorder is served by NMA. We conclude with recommendations for future treatment trials in bipolar disorder and guidelines for NMAs.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis comparing cognitive function across the mood/psychosis diagnostic spectrum

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Amy J. Lynham ◽  
Siân L. Cleaver ◽  
Ian R. Jones ◽  
James T. R. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Single Category ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background The nature and degree of cognitive impairments in schizoaffective disorder is not well established. The aim of this meta-analysis was to characterise cognitive functioning in schizoaffective disorder and compare it with cognition in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizoaffective disorder was considered both as a single category and as its two diagnostic subtypes, bipolar and depressive disorder. Methods Following a thorough literature search (468 records identified), we included 31 studies with a total of 1685 participants with schizoaffective disorder, 3357 with schizophrenia and 1095 with bipolar disorder. Meta-analyses were conducted for seven cognitive variables comparing performance between participants with schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia, and between schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder. Results Participants with schizoaffective disorder performed worse than those with bipolar disorder (g = −0.30) and better than those with schizophrenia (g = 0.17). Meta-analyses of the subtypes of schizoaffective disorder showed cognitive impairments in participants with the depressive subtype are closer in severity to those seen in participants with schizophrenia (g = 0.08), whereas those with the bipolar subtype were more impaired than those with bipolar disorder (g = −0.23) and less impaired than those with schizophrenia (g = 0.29). Participants with the depressive subtype had worse performance than those with the bipolar subtype but this was not significant (g = 0.25, p = 0.05). Conclusion Cognitive impairments increase in severity from bipolar disorder to schizoaffective disorder to schizophrenia. Differences between the subtypes of schizoaffective disorder suggest combining the subtypes of schizoaffective disorder may obscure a study's results and hamper efforts to understand the relationship between this disorder and schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Validity of psychiatric diagnoses based on the family history method

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
M.-A. Roy ◽  
D. Walsh ◽  
K.S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
The Family
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