Self-injurious behavior among Greek male prisoners: Prevalence and risk factors

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.I. Sakelliadis ◽  
S.A. Papadodima ◽  
T.N. Sergentanis ◽  
O. Giotakos ◽  
C.A. Spiliopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Condition ◽  
Illicit Substance ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Male Prisoners

AbstractBackgroundSelf-harm among prisoners is a common phenomenon. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of self-injurious behavior (SIB) among Greek male prisoners, record their motives and determine independent risk factors.MethodsA self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was administered to 173 male prisoners in the Chalkida prison, Greece. The questionnaire included items on self-harm/SIB, demographic parameters, childhood history, family history, physical and mental disease, lifestyle and smoking habits, alcohol dependence (CAGE questionnaire), illicit substance use, aggression (Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire [BPAQ] and Lifetime History of Aggression [LTHA]), impulsivity (Barrat Impulsivity Scale-11) and suicidal ideation (Spectrum of Suicidal Behavior Scale). Univariate nonparametric statistics and multivariate ordinal logistic regression were performed.ResultsOf all the participants, 49.4% (95% CI: 41.5–57.3%) disclosed self-harm (direct or indirect). The prevalence of SIB was equal to 34.8% (95% CI: 27.5–42.6%). Most frequently, SIB coexisted with indirect self-harm (80.7%). The most common underlying motives were to obtain emotional release (31.6%) and to release anger (21.1%). At the univariate analysis, SIB was positively associated with a host of closely related factors: low education, physical/sexual abuse in childhood, parental neglect, parental divorce, alcoholism in family, psychiatric condition in family, recidivism, age, sentence already served, impulsivity, aggression, alcohol dependence, self-reported diagnosed psychiatric condition and illicit substance use. Childhood variables were particularly associated with the presence of diagnosed psychiatric condition. At the multivariate analysis, however, only three parameters were proven independent risk factors: self-reported diagnosed psychiatric condition, illicit substance use and aggression (BPAQ scale).ConclusionThe prevalence of SIB is particularly high. Psychiatric condition, illicit substance use and aggression seem to be the most meaningful risk factors; childhood events seem only to act indirectly.

scholarly journals Independent risk factors for chronic illicit substance use during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Manuel C. Vallejo, MD, DMD ◽  
Robert E. Shapiro, MD ◽  
Mitchell W. Lippy, BS ◽  
Christa L. Lilly, PhD ◽  
Leo R. Brancazio, MD
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Illicit Substance ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Multiple Variable ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Objective: We aimed to determine the incidence of chronic illicit substance use during pregnancy and to identify associated risk factors.Design: A 2-year time-matched retrospective maternal quality control database (n = 4,470) analysis of parturients with chronic illicit substance use compared to controls.Setting: A tertiary academic medical center located in a rural setting.Results: The rate of chronic illicit substance use was 1.95 percent. Demographic factors associated with chronic illicit substance use in pregnancy-included lower body mass index (BMI; OR: 0.93; 95 percent CI: 0.89-0.96, p 0.0001), higher gravidity (OR: 1.24; 95 percent CI: 1.13-1.36, p 0.0001), higher parity (OR: 1.38; 95 percent CI: 1.22-1.57, p 0.0001), and more live births (OR: 1.30; 95 percent CI: 1.16-1.46, p 0.0001). A history of smoking (OR: 10.51; 95 percent CI: 5.69-19.42, p 0.0001), alcohol use (OR: 48.98; 95 percent CI: 17.33-138.40, p 0.0001), anxiety (OR: 1.88; 95 percent CI: 1.16-3.05, p = 0.01), depression (OR: 2.44; 95 percent CI: 1.55-3.85, p = 0.0001), transfer on admission (OR: 2.12; 95 percent CI: 1.16-3.87, p = 0.01), payor insurance (OR: 2.12, 95 percent CI: 2.10-5.04, p 0.0001), and Apgar scores 7 at 1 minute (OR: 0.50; 95 percent CI: 0.25-1.00, p = 0.049) were significant. Multiple variable logistic regression-revealed BMI, smoking, alcohol use, and Apgar score 7 at 1 minute as significant factors.Conclusions: Awareness of these factors can assist in identifying and treating parturients with chronic illicit substance use.

The gendered relationship between illicit substance use and self-harm in university students

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole G. Hammond ◽  
Børge Sivertsen ◽  
Jens Christoffer Skogen ◽  
Simon Øverland ◽  
Ian Colman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
University Students ◽  
Illicit Substance ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
Self Harm

scholarly journals Interactive association of maternal education and peer relationship with oppositional defiant disorder: an observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chia Liu ◽  
Jung Chen Chang ◽  
Chau-Shoun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
Illicit Substance ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Abstract Background The objectives of this research were to gain insights on the interactive effects, by measuring familial and peer-related risk factors in youths with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Methods Participants were college students recruited nationwide, with age between 18 and 25. Through the consensus of expert meetings, a set of questionnaires were used to evaluate the familial status, participant’s peer group conditions, high-risk environment of illicit substance use, and oppositional symptoms. The logistic regression was performed to see the independent and interactive risk factors for ODD. Results A total of 981 subjects were enrolled. Six variables significantly associated with ODD at the multivariate logistic regression, including male, night division, poor academic performance, high risk environment, peer with illicit substance use and high maternal education level. High maternal education exerted independent protective effect on the development of ODD (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.44–0.99). Peer with illicit substance use was more likely to associate with ODD in the low maternal education group. The 2-way interactive effect of maternal education and peer with substance use on the development of ODD was OR = 4.96 (2.96, 8.31). Conclusion The present study highlights the influence of maternal education level to ODD and its interaction with peer of illicit substance use. Our findings imply that the familial attachment and peer interaction are essential stages for the development of human behavior. Trial registration The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the ethical review committee of National Taiwan University Hospital (number 201505057RINC) and registered at clinical trial systems at National Taiwan University. In addition, subjects’ information was anonymous and de-identified prior to any analysis.

The Role of Different Aspects of Impulsivity as Independent Risk Factors for Substance Use Disorders in Patients with ADHD: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodin Ortal ◽  
van de Glind Geurt ◽  
Franck Johan ◽  
Berger Itai ◽  
Yachin Nir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

scholarly journals Risk factors for cholesterol polyp formation in the gallbladder are closely related to lipid metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Yu ◽  
Changlin Yang ◽  
Xuesong Bai ◽  
Guibin Yao ◽  
Xia Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Polyp Formation ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Cholesterol Polyp ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors for cholesterol polyp formation in the gallbladder. Methods This was a multicenter retrospective study based on pathology. From January 2016 to December 2019, patients who underwent cholecystectomy and non-polyp participants confirmed by continuous ultrasound follow-ups were reviewed. Patients in the cholesterol polyp group were recruited from three high-volume centers with a diagnosis of pathologically confirmed cholesterol polyps larger than 10 mm. Population characteristics and medical data were collected within 24 h of admission before surgery. The non-polyp group included participants from the hospital physical examination center database. They had at least two ultrasound examinations with an interval longer than 180 days. Data from the final follow-up of the non-polyp group were analyzed. The risk factors for cholesterol polyp formation were analyzed by comparing the two groups. Results A total of 4714 participants were recruited, including 376 cholesterol polyp patients and 4338 non-polyp participants. In univariate analysis, clinical risk factors for cholesterol polyps were age, male sex, higher body mass index (BMI), higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL), lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. In multivariate logistic analysis, independent risk factors were age > 50 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.33–3.91, P < 0.001], LDL > 2.89 mmol/L (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.08–1.78, P = 0.011), lower HDL (OR = 1.78 95% CI 1.32–2.44, P < 0.001), AST > 40 IU/L (OR = 3.55, 95% CI 2.07–6.07, P < 0.001), and BMI > 25 kg/m 2 (OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.01–1.72, P = 0.037). Conclusions Age, LDL, HDL, AST, and BMI are strong risk factors for cholesterol polyp formation. Older overweight patients with polyps, accompanied by abnormal lipid levels, are at high risk for cholesterol polyps.

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