scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Illicit Substance Use and Use Disorders: Joint Analysis of Self and Co-twin Ratings

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eivind Ystrom ◽  
Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud ◽  
Michael C. Neale ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Illicit Substance ◽  
Illicit Substance Use

Genetic and environmental risk factors in adolescent substance use

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Silberg ◽  
Michael Rutter ◽  
Brian D'Onofrio ◽  
Lindon Eaves
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Adolescent Substance

Genetic and environmental risk factors in the aetiology of illicit drug initiation and subsequent misuse in women

1999 ◽  
Vol 175 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Laura M. Karkowski ◽  
Linda A. Corey ◽  
Carol A. Prescott ◽  
Michael C. Neale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

BackgroundSubsequent to initial exposure to the use of a psychoactive substance, psychoactive substance use disorder (PSUD) may or may not develop.AimsTo investigate the relationship between the risk factors for initiation and the subsequent misuse of psychoactive substances.MethodThe lifetime history of illicit substance use and misuse was obtained by telephone interview with 1934 members of female–female twin pairs. We apply a novel model, which estimates the role of genetic and environmental risk factors that influence initiation and those specific to misuse, to three classes of illicit psychoactive substances.ResultsThe individual-specific environment and family environment influenced the probability of initiation, but only individual-specific environment had an impact on the probability of subsequent misuse. Genetic factors which influence the risk of initiation and of misuse were identified.ConclusionsAetiological factors that influence drug initiation and subsequent misuse are correlated but not identical. Family environment is an important determinant of risk for drug experimentation. Two classes of genetic risk factors act on the liability to PSUD: those that influence the probability of initiation and those that influence the risk of misuse.

Large-Scale Environmental Risk Factors for Substance Use

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 808-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS A. WILLS ◽  
JOHN P. PIERCE ◽  
RICHARD I. EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors

Self-injurious behavior among Greek male prisoners: Prevalence and risk factors

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.I. Sakelliadis ◽  
S.A. Papadodima ◽  
T.N. Sergentanis ◽  
O. Giotakos ◽  
C.A. Spiliopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Condition ◽  
Illicit Substance ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Male Prisoners

AbstractBackgroundSelf-harm among prisoners is a common phenomenon. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of self-injurious behavior (SIB) among Greek male prisoners, record their motives and determine independent risk factors.MethodsA self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was administered to 173 male prisoners in the Chalkida prison, Greece. The questionnaire included items on self-harm/SIB, demographic parameters, childhood history, family history, physical and mental disease, lifestyle and smoking habits, alcohol dependence (CAGE questionnaire), illicit substance use, aggression (Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire [BPAQ] and Lifetime History of Aggression [LTHA]), impulsivity (Barrat Impulsivity Scale-11) and suicidal ideation (Spectrum of Suicidal Behavior Scale). Univariate nonparametric statistics and multivariate ordinal logistic regression were performed.ResultsOf all the participants, 49.4% (95% CI: 41.5–57.3%) disclosed self-harm (direct or indirect). The prevalence of SIB was equal to 34.8% (95% CI: 27.5–42.6%). Most frequently, SIB coexisted with indirect self-harm (80.7%). The most common underlying motives were to obtain emotional release (31.6%) and to release anger (21.1%). At the univariate analysis, SIB was positively associated with a host of closely related factors: low education, physical/sexual abuse in childhood, parental neglect, parental divorce, alcoholism in family, psychiatric condition in family, recidivism, age, sentence already served, impulsivity, aggression, alcohol dependence, self-reported diagnosed psychiatric condition and illicit substance use. Childhood variables were particularly associated with the presence of diagnosed psychiatric condition. At the multivariate analysis, however, only three parameters were proven independent risk factors: self-reported diagnosed psychiatric condition, illicit substance use and aggression (BPAQ scale).ConclusionThe prevalence of SIB is particularly high. Psychiatric condition, illicit substance use and aggression seem to be the most meaningful risk factors; childhood events seem only to act indirectly.

scholarly journals Interactive association of maternal education and peer relationship with oppositional defiant disorder: an observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chia Liu ◽  
Jung Chen Chang ◽  
Chau-Shoun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
Illicit Substance ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Abstract Background The objectives of this research were to gain insights on the interactive effects, by measuring familial and peer-related risk factors in youths with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Methods Participants were college students recruited nationwide, with age between 18 and 25. Through the consensus of expert meetings, a set of questionnaires were used to evaluate the familial status, participant’s peer group conditions, high-risk environment of illicit substance use, and oppositional symptoms. The logistic regression was performed to see the independent and interactive risk factors for ODD. Results A total of 981 subjects were enrolled. Six variables significantly associated with ODD at the multivariate logistic regression, including male, night division, poor academic performance, high risk environment, peer with illicit substance use and high maternal education level. High maternal education exerted independent protective effect on the development of ODD (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.44–0.99). Peer with illicit substance use was more likely to associate with ODD in the low maternal education group. The 2-way interactive effect of maternal education and peer with substance use on the development of ODD was OR = 4.96 (2.96, 8.31). Conclusion The present study highlights the influence of maternal education level to ODD and its interaction with peer of illicit substance use. Our findings imply that the familial attachment and peer interaction are essential stages for the development of human behavior. Trial registration The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the ethical review committee of National Taiwan University Hospital (number 201505057RINC) and registered at clinical trial systems at National Taiwan University. In addition, subjects’ information was anonymous and de-identified prior to any analysis.

Self-Control As a Moderator for Environmental Risk Factors

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Wills ◽  
Pallav Pokhrel ◽  
Frederick X. Gibbons ◽  
James D. Sargent ◽  
Mike Stoolmiller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Self Control
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