Sleep disorders among adolescents in Nigeria: The development of an assessment instrument (Sleep Disorders in Nigeria Questionnaire [SDINQ])

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s267-s267
Author(s):  
D. Igbokwe ◽  
B.A. Ola ◽  
A. Odebunmi ◽  
M.A. Gesinde ◽  
A. Alao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Terror Disorder ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Sleep Talking ◽  
Restorative Sleep

IntroductionNigerian adolescents report various sleep disorders metaphorically based on the local/native description of such disorders. Hence, it is sometimes difficult for clinicians without a good grasp of the nuance in their description to understand their presentation.AimTo develop a culturally relevant (Nigerian) instrument for assessing sleep disorders.MethodsOne thousand two hundred and twenty-seven Nigerian Secondary School adolescents (634 males and 593 females) between 12–19 years with mean age of 15.20 (SD = 1.5) were administered a 44 item instrument developed following the DSM (V), American Association of Sleep Medicine's International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD, 2005) criteria, and case reports of sleep disorders. The data was subjected to a Principal Component Analysis using Varimax rotation.ResultTen factors instead of the original eleven factors suggested by the authors emerged in the analysis and on closer examination and in juxtaposition with cultural nuances, it was found the ten factors were in line with what is generally reported by adolescents. Sleep walking disorders and sleep related movement disorders loaded in one factor labelled sleep movement disorders, while items representing non restorative sleep experiences, sleep talking, sleep paralysis, sleep apnea, circadian rhythm sleep disorder, narcolepsy, insomnia, sleep terror disorder and nightmare disorder loaded on their individual factors. The SDINQ showed a Cronbach Alpha of .916 and a good correlation with subscales of the School Sleep Habits Survey (SSHS).ConclusionsThe SDINQ has been found to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the presence of sleep disorders among adolescents in Nigeria.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

S3 Guideline Non restorative Sleep/Sleep Disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Mayer ◽  
I Fietze ◽  
T Penzel ◽  
D Riemann ◽  
A Rodenbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
S3 Guideline ◽  
Restorative Sleep

Sleep habits and their association with daytime sleepiness among medical students of Tanta University, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa A. Atlam ◽  
Hala M. Elsabagh
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Sleeping Pills ◽  
Life Pattern ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
Malaysian Students

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the sleep quality (habits and disorders) and the daytime sleepiness among medical students.MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted during September 2018, through November 2018 at the Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt. The study recruited undergraduate Egyptian and Malaysian students and applied a modified form of two questionnaires, namely the Sleep Habits and Life Style and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)”. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS. The results were expressed as frequency, percentage, and mean ± standard deviation (SD). Chi-square test was used to explore associations between categorical variables. An independent sample t-test was used to detect the mean differences between groups. Ordinal regression analyses were done on the ESS findings in relation to demographics and sleep habits. p-values<0.05 were accepted as statistically significant.ResultsThe study included 899 medical students. Most of the participants were Egyptians (67%), rural residents (57.4%), and in the preclinical stage (79.5%). Males represented 66.0% of the study participants and participants average age (SD) was 21.98 (1.13) years. The average durations (SD) of night sleep were 7.3 (1.6) hours in work days and 8.7 (2.1) hours during the weekends. Both were significantly longer among young (<21 years-old) and preclinical students (p<0.05). Students had on average (SD) 1.33 (0.29) hours duration of napping, but 60% of the participants never or rarely scheduled for napping. Larger proportion of male and Malaysian students sometimes scheduled for napping more significantly than their peers (p<0.05). Only 16.24% of students reported that the cause of daytime napping was no enough sleep at night. The students reported sleep disorders of insomnia in the form of waking up too early, trouble falling asleep, or waking up at night with failure to re-sleep (31, 30, and 26%, respectively). Snoring (22.2%) and restless legs (22.0%) were also reported by the students. High chances of dozing off was reported by 22.02% of the participants, of which 10% used sleeping pills, 41.4% suffered psychological affection, and 34.8% reported life pattern affection. We found an increased chance of daytime sleepiness among males (0.430 times) and Egyptian (2.018 times) students. There was a decreased chance of daytime sleepiness in students from rural areas and those below 21-years-old (0.262 and 0.343 times, respectively). Absence of chronic diseases suffering was significantly associated with 5.573 more chance of daytime sleepiness or dozing off. In addition, enough and average sleep at night significantly decreased the chance of daytime sleepiness by 6.292 and 6.578, respectively, whereas daytime consumption of caffeinated beverages significantly decreased the chance of daytime sleepiness by 0.341.ConclusionThere was unbalanced sleep duration in work days and weekends as well as lack of scheduling for napping among the students. Sleep disorders as insomnia, snoring, and restless legs were associated with excessive daytime sleepiness. Some students who suffered daytime sleepiness also underwent psychological and life pattern affection including taking sleeping pills. Enough and average sleep duration at night as well as daytime consumption of caffeinated beverages decreased the chance of daytime sleepiness.

Bilateral chorea following severe traumatic brain injury treated with risperidone

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e241929
Author(s):  
Daniel Krasna ◽  
Erica Montgomery ◽  
Jacob Koffer ◽  
Miriam Segal
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
History Of

A functionally independent man in his 20s with a history of intellectual disability and epilepsy and family history of Huntington’s disease suffered a severe traumatic brain injury. Postinjury, bilateral chorea rendered him dependent for all activities of daily living. Risperidone provided a significant reduction of chorea, decreasing the overall burden of care. Movement disorders are a common sequela of brain injury. Currently, there are no best treatment guidelines for chorea in patients with brain injury. To the authors’ knowledge there have been no case reports describing the effects of brain injury on patients with a primary movement disorder. Risperidone was an effective treatment in this case. Further research is needed to establish guidelines for treatment of movement disorders following brain injury and to better understand the effect of brain injuries on primary movement disorders.

scholarly journals Sleep Medication in Older Adults: Identifying the Need for Support by a Community Pharmacist

Healthcare ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Morgane Masse ◽  
Héloïse Henry ◽  
Elodie Cuvelier ◽  
Claire Pinçon ◽  
Margot Pavy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Sleep Habit ◽  
Hypnotic Medication

Many older adults take benzodiazepines and sedative-hypnotics for the treatment of sleep disorders. With a view to considering the possible discontinuation of hypnotics, the objectives of the present study were to describe bedtime habits and sleep patterns in older adults and to identify the sleep medications taken. An expert group developed a structured interview guide for assessing the patients’ bedtime habits, sleep patterns, and medications. During an internship in a community pharmacy, 103 sixth-year pharmacy students conducted around 10 interviews each with older adults (aged 65 or over) complaining of sleep disorders and taking at least one of the following medications: benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine derivatives (“Z-drugs”), antihistamines, and melatonin. A prospective, observational study was carried out from 4 January to 30 June 2016. The pharmacy students performed 960 interviews (with 330 men and 630 women; mean ± standard deviation age: 75.1 ± 8.8). The most commonly taken hypnotics were the Z-drugs zolpidem (n = 465, 48%) and zopiclone (n = 259, 27%). The vast majority of patients (n = 768, 80%) had only ever taken a single hypnotic medication. The median [interquartile range] prescription duration was 120 (48–180) months. About 75% (n = 696) of the patients had at least 1 poor sleep habit, and over 41% (n = 374) had 2 or more poor sleep habits. A total of 742 of the patients (77%) reported getting up at night—mainly due to nycturia (n = 481, 51%). Further, 330 of the patients (35%) stated that they were keen to discontinue their medication, of which 96 (29%) authorized the pharmacist to contact their family physician and discuss discontinuation. In France, pharmacy students and supervising community pharmacists can identify problems related to sleep disorders by asking simple questions about the patient’s sleep patterns. Together with family physicians, community pharmacists can encourage patients to discuss their hypnotic medications.

scholarly journals Association between sleep disorders and child violence assessed in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. e39466
Author(s):  
Lilian Bertoletti ◽  
Fernanda Cristina Scarpa ◽  
Michelli Osanai da Costa ◽  
Eduarda Correa Freitas ◽  
Luana Goulart Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experienced Child ◽  
Predominantly Female ◽  
Children’S Sleep

Aims: identifying sleep disorders (SDs) in children who experienced child maltreatment.Methods: the study evaluated the sleep pattern of 123 children (from 2 to 10 years old), who received assistance with child maltreatment, based on the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) – applied in a medical consultation after confirmation of the veracity of the child’s report of a violation. The study applied the questionnaire to children seen by doctors in the sector for 11 months.Results: among the children evaluated, 66.7% had SDs. The sample profile was predominantly female (59.3%) and aged between 4 and 7 years old (48.8%). Physical violence was found in 40.7% of the children, in addition to sexual (35.8%), psychological (24.4%), negligence (14.6%) and other types of violence (OTV) (4.5%). SDs are significantly associated with sexual, psychological and OTV (p=0.016). Regarding the subscales, there was a significant difference between the age groups in the bedtime resistance (BR) factor score (p=0.033). The BR characteristic typifies sexual, psychological and OTV. Sleep anxiety (SA) typifies more psychological, sexual and OTV. Night awakenings (NAs) typify psychological, sexual and physical violence. According to the type of violence, significant differences were found in SA (p=0.039), NAs (p=0.026) and BR (p=0.004).Conclusions: the outcomes highlight the association between SDs and child maltreatment. Certain types of violence have a greater negative impact on children’s sleep and correlate with specific SD.

Lithium toxicity after bariatric surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S491-S491
Author(s):  
L. De Jonge ◽  
S. Petrykiv ◽  
J. Fennema ◽  
M. Arts
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Drug Absorption ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Lithium Toxicity ◽  
Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Lithium Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionBariatric surgery is globally increasingly being applied in patients with morbid obesity to achieve permanent weight reduction. More than fifty percent of these patients have a psychiatric disorder in their history and over thirty percent take psychotropic medication. The prevalence of bipolar disorder in patients who undergo bariatric surgery is around four percent, and most of them are treated with lithium.Objectives & aimsTo report and discuss the effect of bariatric surgery on changes in lithium absorption.MethodsWe present all published case studies and literature review on lithium toxicity after bariatric surgery.ResultsTo date; only two case-reports were published with dramatic changes in lithium level after vertical sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery. Within a period of two to five weeks, the patients were presented to the emergency department with signs of dehydration and acute kidney failure.ConclusionClinicians should be aware of dramatic and possibly even life-threatening pharmacokinetic changes in drug absorption that may occur after bariatric surgery. Careful monitoring and even reduction of lithium dosage before and after surgery could potentially prevent serious complications.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

A case of share psychotic disorder induced by mephedrone

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S309-S309
Author(s):  
R.A. Baena ◽  
Y. Lázaro ◽  
J. Rodriguez ◽  
L. Olivares ◽  
A. Matas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionShare psychotic disorder “folie à deux” is a rare condition characterized by the transmission of delusional aspects from a patient to another linked by a close relationship. We report the case of two Spanish men who have experienced a combined delusional episode induced by mephedrone.ObjectivesDescribe a case of share psychotic disorder induced by mephedrone. Make a review on scientific literature about the use of mephedrone (little is known about the psychiatric consequences of the use of these compounds). The patients had no psychiatric history.AimsShow the danger of these novel drugs that are often bought as apparently safe and legal.ConclusionsShare psychotic disorder was first introduced by Lasegue and Falret who hypothesized that transmission of psychiatric disturbance from one person to another was possible under certain circumstances. The correlation of symptoms with the intake of these substances is supposed in the light of a negative psychiatric history and no other concomitant medical treatments. An important number of case reports documented deaths related to the ingestion of mephedrone. Another problem is that these substances are not detected by standard blood and urine test so that the diagnosis of intoxication is often delayed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Validação Clínica da Versão Portuguesa do Questionário de Hábitos de Sono das Crianças (CSHQ-PT) em Crianças com Perturbações do Sono e PHDA

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Ana Filipa Parreira ◽  
António Martins ◽  
Filipa Ribeiro ◽  
Filipe Glória Silva
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Disturbance Index ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children’S Sleep Habits Questionnaire ◽  
Children’S Sleep

Introduction: The Portuguese version of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire showed adequate psychometric properties in a community sample but the American cut-off seemed inadequate. This study aimed to validate this questionnaire in clinical populations of children with sleep disorders and with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.Material and Methods: The study sample included 148 Portuguese children aged 2 to 10 years old that where divided in 3 groups: 1. Clinical group with sleep disorders (behavioral insomnias, parasomnias or sleep-related breathing disorders); 2. Clinical group with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder; 3. Control group. The sleep habits and sleep problems were evaluated using the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Sleep-related disorders were confirmed by polysomnography.Results: The questionnaire’s internal consistency (Cronbach α) in the clinical sample (sleep disorders and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder) was 0.75 and ranged from 0.55 to 0.85 for the subscales. Children with sleep disorders and attention deficit/  hyperactivity disorder had a higher sleep disturbance index (full scale score) compared to the control group. The subscales presented significant differences between the subgroups with different sleep disorders showing discriminative validity. The receiver operating characteristic analysis of the sleep disturbance index comparing the sleep disorder and control sample determined a cut-off of 48 (sensibility 0.83;specificity 0.69).Discussion: Children with sleep disorders and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder evidenced higher Sleep Disturbance Index (full scale score) comparing to the control group. The subscales presented significative differences between the subgroups with different sleep disorders showing discriminative validityConclusion: The Portuguese version of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire showed adequate psychometric properties for children with sleep disorders and/or attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. The cut-off value 48 is better adjusted for the Portuguese population.

Überprüfung eines Familien-Assessment-Instruments auf der Grundlage der Theorie des systemischen Gleichgewichts

Pflege ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Christina Köhlen ◽  
Marie-Luise Friedemann
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Cronbach Alpha

In diesem Beitrag wird die Überprüfung des Assessment-Instruments zur Einschätzung der Wirksamkeit familiärer Strategien (ASF-E) für die Anwendung in Deutschland und der deutschsprachigen Schweiz beschrieben. Das ASF-E ist ein Screening-Instrument für Familiengesundheit, wie sie in der Theorie des systemischen Gleichgewichts definiert ist (Friedemann, 1991). Zunächst wurde das Instrument in den frühen 1990er Jahren in der Schweiz unter Berücksichtigung kultureller Unterschiede ins Deutsche übersetzt. Die vorliegende Testung war die erste in Deutschland und die zweite in der Schweiz. Das Instrument hatte ursprünglich 26 Items, wobei jedes drei Aussagen beinhaltet, die Familienstrategien ausdrücken und von denen die Probanden dasjenige auswählen sollten, das am ehesten auf ihre Familiensituation zutrifft. Die Aussagen sind von 1 bis 3 gestaffelt, wobei der Wert 3 für optimale, zufrieden stellende Gesundheit steht. In Deutschland wurde das Instrument von 343 und in der Schweiz von 209 Befragten aus der Gemeinde ausgefüllt, die sowohl unterschiedlichen Alters als auch unterschiedlicher ökonomischer Herkunft waren. Eine Principal Component Analysis mit Varimax Rotation brachte vier Faktoren mit einem Eigenwert > 1 hervor. Acht Items mussten herausgenommen werden, da sie eine unzureichende Verteilung oder zu schwache Faktorladungen aufwiesen. Das endgültige Assessment-Instrument hat 18 Items mit einem akzeptablen Wert für Reliabilität (Cronbach Alpha). Das ASF-E kann in Deutschland und in der Schweiz genutzt werden, um Forschung mit Familien zu begleiten und Familiengesundheit in Verbindung mit Pflegeinterventionen einzuschätzen.

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Fahr's Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S634-S634
Author(s):  
A. Lopes ◽  
R. Trindade ◽  
A. Barcelos
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Fahr’S Syndrome ◽  
Personality Dysfunction ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Clinical Pictures

Objectives and methodologyTo review the neuropsychiatric symptoms of Fahr's syndrome.Results/discussionFahr's Syndrome is a rare degenerative neuropsychiatric condition, characterized by bilateral and symmetrical calcifications of the basal ganglia. It can be associated with several metabolic, infectious or genetic conditions. It is clinically manifested by movement disorders, psychosis, cognitive impairment, mood disorders, personality dysfunction or obsessive-compulsive spectrum disturbances. First presentation can be psychiatric in approximately 40% of the cases. Cognitive dysfunction, mood disorders and psychosis are the most common presentations. In the present case, depression, dementia and movement disorders were the main clinical pictures. This report alerts for the significance of neuropsychiatric symptoms within this diagnosis, considering the multisystemic approach of the illness.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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