The utilization of a creative strategy in the prevention of the use of psychoactive substances with children and adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S180-S180
Author(s):  
J. Jaber ◽  
S. Humel ◽  
S. Leite ◽  
A. Tomé ◽  
A. Hollanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Learning Space ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Creative Strategy ◽  
Therapeutic Space ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThe work describes a successful experience in the utilization of art as a tool to work the prevention of the use of drugs. The experience was developed with children and adolescents between the ages of 3 and 17 who reside in a risky area near Latin America's biggest dump, located in the city of Taguatinga, FD, Brazil.ObjectivesCreate a therapeutic space to make possible the dialog with the children and adolescents, promoting the prevention and the consciousness about the harm of the use of psychoactive substances, providing clarification on the theme, through art, being the use of formal language and terms, like “illicit drugs”, unnecessary.MethodsThe children, who participated in the project, used, as expression tool, several painting items. The public was divided by age in two groups: the children received ludic approach, allowing the team nearness and interaction with them, in such a way that the former transmitted information and guidance about the harm on the use of psychoactive substances.ResultsThe results were satisfactory. All the children and adolescents involved in the project demonstrated adhesion to the use of the offered tools and established a communication link, which allowed the receptivity of information about prevention in the use of psychoactive substances.ConclusionsThrough the developed activities, it was observed that the strategy utilization of art as a language had better effiency than a formal approach since the children and adolescents could have a learning space in a spontaneous way, demonstrating interest.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Drug Policy and the Public Good

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Babor ◽  
Jonathan Caulkins ◽  
Benedikt Fischer ◽  
David Foxcroft ◽  
Keith Humphreys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
The Public

Drug Policy and the Public Good presents the accumulated scientific knowledge of direct relevance to the development of drug policy on local, national, and international levels. The book explores both illicit drug use and non-medical use of prescription medications within a public health perspective. A conceptual basis for a rational drug policy is presented, along with new epidemiological data on the global dimensions of drug misuse, significant trends in drug epidemics, and the global burden of disease attributable to drug misuse. The markets for both illicit and legally prescribed psychoactive substances are described, showing that these two sources of drug supply are becoming increasingly connected in many countries. The core of the book is a critical review of the cumulative scientific evidence in five general areas of drug policy: primary prevention programmes in schools and other settings; treatment interventions and harm reduction approaches; attempts to control the supply of illicit drugs, including drug interdiction and law enforcement; decriminalization and penal approaches; and control of the legal market through prescription drug regimes. The final chapters discuss the trend toward legalization of some psychoactive substances in different parts of the world and describe the need for a new approach to drug policy that is evidence-based, realistic, and coordinated. The evidence reviewed in this book suggests that an integrated and balanced approach to evidence-informed drug policy is more likely to benefit the public good than are uncoordinated efforts to reduce drug supply and demand.

Epidemiological study of disability from mental disorders in children and adolescents population in Saratov region in 2000–2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S568-S568
Author(s):  
Y. Barylnik ◽  
V. Popkov ◽  
N. Filippova ◽  
Y. Abrosimova ◽  
E. Kolesnichenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
The Public ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Schizotypal Disorder

IntroductionChildren and Teenager's disability is an extremely important medical and social problem, being very characteristic of the state of public health in the country and the level of social well-being of society.ObjectivesAn epidemiological study of the structure of disability due to mental disorders in children and adolescent population of the Saratov region for the period from 2000 to 2014.MethodsThe analysis of the statistical data reporting forms “Information on the health care system” and “Information on the groups of the mentally ill” in the Saratov region in 2000–2014 by epidemiological, demographic and mathematical-statistical methods.ResultsNumber of children and adolescents (0–17 years), recognized as disabled by mental illness, increased both in absolute numbers (growth rate-12.86%), and the intensive indicators (49.88%). Increasing the number of disabled children and adolescents registered in schizophrenia, schizoaffective psychosis, schizotypal disorder, affective psychosis with delusions incongruent the affect. The most significant increase is observed in the group of chronic nonorganic and childhood psychoses. In epilepsy and mental retardation in the analyzed period was a slight decrease in total disability.ConclusionsThe most significant increase in disability in the group of chronic nonorganic and childhood psychosis, most likely due not only to a true increase in morbidity and disability, but also with a great attention of both the public and the country's health services to the problems of childhood autism and, as a consequence, greater detection of children with this category of disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Mining chemical information in Swedish wastewaters for simultaneous assessment of population consumption, treatment efficiency and environmental discharge of illicit drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Haalck ◽  
Paul Löffler ◽  
Christine Baduel ◽  
Karin Wiberg ◽  
Lutz Ahrens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Target Drug ◽  
Similar Drug ◽  
Almost All

AbstractConsumption of illicit drugs poses health risks to the public and environment. Knowledge on their usage helps better implementations of intervention strategies to reduce drug-related harms in the society and also policies to limit their releases as emerging contaminants to recipient environments. This study aimed to investigate from the daily consumption to treatment efficiency and subsequent discharge of illicit drugs by the Swedish urban populations based on simultaneous collection and analysis of influent and effluent wastewater. Two different weekly monitoring campaigns showed similar drug prevalence in Stockholm and Uppsala, with amphetamine as the most popular drug. Almost all target drug residues were still measurable in effluent wastewater. High removal efficiencies (> 94%) were observed for amphetamine, cocaine and benzoylecgonine, whereas ketamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), mephedrone and methamphetamine were the least removed substances (< 64%), with the highest discharge observed for MDMA in both catchments (~ 3.0 g/day in Uppsala; ~ 18 g/day in Stockholm). Our study provides new insights into short-term changes in the use and related discharge of illicit drugs by urban populations. Such wastewater monitoring can provide useful information to public health, forensic and environmental authorities in planning future intervention and regulation policies.

Time-course of treatment-emergent adverse events in a long-term safety study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in children and adolescents with ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S132-S132
Author(s):  
I. Hernández Otero ◽  
T. Banaschewski ◽  
P. Nagy ◽  
C.A. Soutullo ◽  
A. Zuddas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate ◽  
Safety Population ◽  
First Onset ◽  
Stimulant Medications ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThe long-term safety and efficacy of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was evaluated in a European 2-year, open-label study (SPD489-404).ObjectiveTo evaluate the time-course of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in SPD489-404.MethodsParticipants aged 6–17 years received open-label LDX (30, 50 or 70 mg/day) for 104 weeks (4 weeks dose-optimization; 100 weeks dose-maintenance).ResultsAll enrolled participants (n = 314) were included in the safety population and 191 (60.8%) completed the study. TEAEs occurred in 282 (89.8%) participants; most were mild or moderate. TEAEs considered by the investigators as related to LDX were reported by 232 (73.9%) participants with the following reported for ≥ 10% of participants: decreased appetite (49.4%), weight decreased (18.2%), insomnia (13.1%). TEAEs leading to discontinuation and serious TEAEs occurred in 39 (12.4%) and 28 (8.9%) participants, respectively. The median (range) time to first onset and duration, respectively, of TEAEs identified by the sponsor as being of special interest were: insomnia (insomnia, initial insomnia, middle insomnia, terminal insomnia), 17.0 (1–729) and 42.8 (1–739) days; weight decreased, 29.0 (1–677) and 225.0 (26–724) days; decreased appetite, 13.5 (1–653) and 169.0 (1–749) days; headache, 22.0 (1–718) and 2.0 (1–729) days. Reports of insomnia, weight decreased, decreased appetite and headache were highest in the first 4–12 weeks.ConclusionsTEAEs associated with long-term LDX treatment were characteristic of stimulant medications, with the greatest incidence observed during the first 4–12 weeks.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Reducing Violent Injuries: Priorities for Pediatrician Advocacy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-651
Author(s):  
Judith Cohen Dolins ◽  
Katherine Kaufer Christoffel
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Firearm Injuries ◽  
Basic Framework ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Adolescent Victims

A basic framework for developing an advocacy plan must systematically break down the large task of policy development implementation into manageable components. The basic framework described in detail in this paper includes three steps: • Setting policy objectives by narrowing the scope of policy, by reviewing policy options, and by examining options against selected criteria. • Developing strategies for educating the public and for approaching legislative/regulatory bodies. • Evaluating the effectiveness of the advocacy action plan as a process and as an agent for change. To illustrate the variety of ways in which pediatricians can be involved in the policy process to reduce violent injuries among children and adolescents, we apply this systematic approach to three priority areas. • Prohibiting the use of corporal punishment in schools is intended to curb the institutionalized legitimacy of violence that has been associated with future use of violence. • Efforts to remove handguns from the environments of children and adolescents are aimed at reducing the numbers of firearm injuries inflicted upon and by minors. • Comprehensive treatment of adolescent victims of assault is intended to decrease the reoccurrence of violent injuries.

Novel psychoactive substances in a psychiatric young adults sample: A multicenter, observational study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S311-S311
Author(s):  
M. Lupi ◽  
T. Acciavatti ◽  
S. Marini ◽  
E. Cinosi ◽  
R. Santacroce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Novel Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Multicenter Observational Study ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Population

IntroductionComorbidities between psychiatric diseases and consumption of traditional substances of abuse are common. Nevertheless, there is no data regarding the use of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in the psychiatric population.ObjectivesThe purpose of this multicentre survey is to investigate the consumption of a wide variety of psychoactive substances in a young psychiatric sample.MethodsBetween September 2013 and November 2015, a questionnaire has been administered, in ten Italian psychiatric care facilities, to a sample of 671 psychiatric patients (48.5% men; 51.5% women), aged between 18 and 26 years (mean age: 22.24).Results8.2% of the sample declared use of NPS at least once in a lifetime and 2.2% have assumed NPS in the last three months. The NPS more used were synthetic cannabinoids (4.5%), followed by methamphetamine (3.6%). The three psychiatric diagnosis with more frequent NPS consumption were bipolar disorder (23.1%), personality disorders (11.8%) and schizophrenia and related disorders (11.6%). Bipolar disorder was associated with NPS consumption (P < .001). Among the illicit drugs investigated, 31.4% of the sample was cannabis smoker and 10.7% cocaine user. Moreover, 70.6% of the sample declared alcohol use and 47.7% had binge drinking conducts. In univariate regression analysis, bipolar disorder was positive associated with binge drinking while obsessive compulsive disorder resulted negative associated.ConclusionsThe use of novel psychoactive substances in a young psychiatric population appears to be a frequent phenomenon, probably still underestimated. Bipolar disorder shows an association with NPS use. Therefore, careful and constant monitoring and accurate evaluations of possible clinical effects related to their use are necessary.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Evaluation of The use of Psychoactive Substances Among Patients Admitted to a Cardiology Intensive Care Unit: Prevalence and Prevention

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S201-S201
Author(s):  
C. Chevallier ◽  
A. Batisse ◽  
B. Merat ◽  
J.G. Dillinger ◽  
E. Bourgogne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Therapeutic Management ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cardiac Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Toxicological Research ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
High Level ◽  
Systematic Identification

IntroductionAddiction to psychoactive substances (PAS) can lead to cardiovascular complications. Cardiotoxicity of drugs is known but it is rarely documented by toxicology.ObjectivesWe conducted a prevalence study on PAS use among patients with cardiac symptoms, with an analysis of diagnosis and a description of PAS user's characteristics.AimsTo improve the therapeutic management in addictology for cardiac patients.MethodsProspective observational study performed during 3 months. Patients admitted in cardiology had to complete a hetero-questionnaire about his PAS consumption and a qualitative toxicological research in urine and/or blood (immunochemical/GC–MS detection).ResultsOne hundred and sixty-one patients were included: 86% men, aged 24–68 years (Table 1). Results show a high level of PAS use in our population: 8.7%. A significant PAS use is observed among patients aged 40–70 years, with a prevalence of 22% for the 40–49, 15% for the 50–59 and 7% for the 60–69. PAS detected were mainly cannabis and cocaine. Clinical diagnoses of patients positive to PAS were acute coronary syndromes and severe cardiac arrhythmias.ConclusionsIn patients admitted in cardiology, toxicological screening is rarely done. Our study shows a significant PAS use among patients aged 40–70 years. According to data of the French Health Barometer, there is regular use of cannabis and cocaine at respectively 3% and 1.1% among people aged 18–64. These results invite us to achieve a more systematic identification of PAS use among patients with cardiovascular disorders and to optimize the therapeutic management by a systematic orientation in addictology.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals “Hot” and “Cold” Cognition in Users of Club Drugs/Novel Psychoactive Substances

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Savulich ◽  
Owen Bowden-Jones ◽  
Robert Stephenson ◽  
Annette B. Brühl ◽  
Karen D. Ersche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Novel Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Club Drugs ◽  
Psychoactive Substances

Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are popular “club/party” drugs that first attracted attention in the UK in 2009 and remained legal until the 2016 Psychoactive Substances Act criminalized their distribution. Unlike “traditional” illicit drugs, very little is known about the influence of their analogs on neuropsychological functioning. We characterized the cognitive and emotional profile of NPS/polydrug users using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and EMOTICOM test battery in adult male (aged 20–49 years) recreational users without psychiatric comorbidities (n = 27; “psychonauts”), service users attending a UK specialist “Club Drug” Clinic for problematic use (n = 20) and healthy control volunteers without significant drug-taking histories (n = 35). Tasks were selected to distinguish “hot” cognitive processes that are highly influenced by emotion from “cold” cognitive processes that are largely independent of emotional influence. Both user groups reported significantly higher sensation-seeking traits compared with non-users. Recreational NPS users demonstrated more risk-taking behavior compared with controls and treatment-seeking NPS users showed poorer learning, episodic memory and response inhibition compared with the other two groups. These effects persisted, when controlling for age, intelligence, alcohol and cannabis use severity, nicotine dependence, trait anxiety, depression, childhood adversity, impulsivity, and sensation seeking. Overall, recreational NPS users showed elevated “hot” (emotion-laden) cognition in the absence of “cold” (non-emotional) cognitive deficits, whereas “cold” cognitive dysfunction was pronounced in individuals seeking treatment for problematic NPS use. High trait impulsivity and poor self-control may confer additional risk to NPS/polydrug use severity and separate those seeking treatment from those using NPS recreationally.

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