Different yet similar? Prisoners versus psychiatric patients – A comparison of their mental health

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Otte ◽  
N. Vasic ◽  
S. Nigel ◽  
J. Streb ◽  
T. Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Forensic Patients ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Distress Level ◽  
Clinically Significant

AbstractBackground:Previous research indicates that prisoners have severe psychological distress. To assess their distress level and potential need for treatment, the present study compared the subjective psychological distress of long- and short-term prisoners with that of psychiatric and forensic patients.Methods:Long- (n = 98) and short-term prisoners (n = 94) and forensic (n = 102) and psychiatric (n = 199) patients completed the German versions of the Symptom Checklist Revised (SCL-90-R) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI).Results:In general, long-term prisoners showed the same level of mental distress as psychiatric patients and more than that reported by forensic patients. Short-term prisoners reported the least level of distress. Long- but not short-term prisoners showed clinically significant results on the scales for depression, paranoid ideation, and psychosis.Conclusions:The improvements in psychiatric treatment for inmates demanded by many stakeholders need to differentiate between long- and short-term prisoners. Because depression seems to cause the most psychological distress among inmates, suicide prevention seems to be an important issue in prisons.

Multidimensionality of the Langner Symptom Survey and Replication of a Cutoff Score in Emerging Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Lace ◽  
Kristen A. Haeberlein ◽  
Paul J. Handal
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Three Factor

This study investigated the dimensionality of the Langner Symptom Survey and replicated a recent finding regarding a clinically validated cutoff score in emerging adults. Nine hundred thirteen (631 females and 282 males) students at a private university in the Midwestern United States participated online as part of a larger study and completed the Langner Symptom Survey and a demographic questionnaire. Results from exploratory principal components and confirmatory factor analyses provided support for both a six- and three-factor model of the Langner Symptom Survey, with the three-factor model offering marginally better confirmatory fit indices and greater parsimony of interpretation. A cutoff score of 5 denoting clinically significant psychological distress and need for treatment was supported through analysis of receiver-operating characteristic, sensitivity, specificity, and total classification accuracy based on psychological service utilization, and this result successfully replicated a recently published finding. The Langner Symptom Survey may function as a multidimensional measure of psychological distress and need for treatment in emerging adults that may need a lexical update.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Chest Pain, Depression, Somatization, Anxiety, Global Distress, and Substance Use among Cardiac and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva R. Serber ◽  
Shenelle A. Edwards-Hampton ◽  
Brooke Yeager ◽  
Mark Clair ◽  
Marian Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Pain Ratings ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Global Distress

Psychosocial factors of cardiovascular disease receive a preponderance of attention. Little attention is paid to psychosocial factors of pulmonary disease. This paper sought to describe psychosocial characteristics and to identify differences between cardiac and pulmonary patients entering a phase II rehabilitation program. Parametric and nonparametric analyses were conducted to examine scores on the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) and the CAGE-D, administered at entry as standard clinical care. Participants were 163 cardiac and 63 pulmonary patients. Scores on the BSI-18 “chest pain” item indicated that more cardiac patients report chest pain than pulmonary patients. Among all subjects, chest pain ratings were positively related to anxiety, depression, and global distress. There were equivocal proportions of anxiety and somatization in patient groups. Pulmonary patients were more likely to endorse clinically significant levels of depression and global psychological distress than cardiac patients. Cardiac patients were significantly more likely to screen positively on the CAGE-D than pulmonary patients. Findings show a relationship between symptoms of chest pain and psychological distress. Despite equivalent proportions of anxiety and somatization between groups, a greater proportion of pulmonary patients reported symptoms of depression and global psychological distress, while more cardiac patients reported chest pain. Further research is needed to examine this paradigm.

scholarly journals Long-Term Neurological and Psychological Distress Symptoms among Smallholder Farmers in Costa Rica with a History of Acute Pesticide Poisoning

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Farnham ◽  
Samuel Fuhrimann ◽  
Philipp Staudacher ◽  
Marcela Quirós-Lépiz ◽  
Carly Hyland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distress Symptoms

Studies suggest that acute pesticide poisonings (APP) may be linked with long-term neurological effects. To examine long-term neurological and psychological distress symptoms associated with having experienced an APP, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 300 conventional and organic smallholder farmers from Zarcero County, Costa Rica, May–August 2016. We collected self-reported data on sociodemographic characteristics, occupational history, pesticide exposure, APPs, neurological and psychological distress symptoms (using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)). Adjusted logistic regression models were fit. A total of 14% of the farmers (98% male) reported experiencing at least one APP during their lifetime. Self-reported APP was associated with neurological symptoms during the 12 months prior to interview (e.g., fainting (Odds Ratio: 7.48, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.83, 30.74), shaking hands (3.50; 1.60, 7.60), numbness/tingling in hands or feet (3.23; 1.66, 6.32), insomnia (2.53; 1.34, 4.79), accelerated heartrate (2.42; 1.03, 5.47), dizziness (2.38; 1.19, 4.72), increased irritability/anger (2.37; 1.23, 4.55), low energy (2.33; 1.23, 4.46), and difficulty concentrating (2.01; 1.05, 3.85)). Farmers who reported an APP in the ten years prior to interview experienced increased odds of abnormal BSI scores for hostility (4.51; 1.16, 17.70) and paranoid ideation (3.76; 0.99, 18.18). Having experienced an APP may be associated with long-term neurological and psychological distress symptoms.

Psychological distress in a sample of Moroccan prisoners with drug-dependence

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110102
Author(s):  
Anis Sfendla ◽  
Björn Martinsson ◽  
Ylva Filipovic ◽  
Meftaha Senhaji ◽  
Nóra Kerekes
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
High Psychological Distress ◽  
Drug Use Disorders ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Male Inmates ◽  
Depression Scales

Research regarding mental illness and drug addiction among inmates in Morocco requires increased knowledge; previous literature reported that prisoners suffer from severe psychological distress. The present study aimed to provide information about Moroccan prisoners’ psychological distress and define the differences in psychological distress levels among inmates with and without drug-dependence. A sample of 177 male inmates completed a set of surveys, including the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). The “Drug dependence” group scored significantly higher psychological distress levels in each of the BSI domains. The strongest differences were measured in the General Severity Index (GSI), hostility, and depression scales. Moroccan prison inmates have high psychological distress, and those with drug-dependence have even higher. There is a need of psychiatric assessment, selection, and care possibilities in prison inmate populations.

Examining the impact of psychological distress on short-term postoperative outcomes after elective endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 110367
Author(s):  
Yarrow Scantling-Birch ◽  
Guy Martin ◽  
Sathyan Balaji ◽  
Jacqueline Trant ◽  
Ian Nordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair ◽  
Postoperative Outcomes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Aneurysm Repair ◽  
The Impact

Hospitalized Adults' Role-Taking Ability, Psychiatric Status and Reported Symptomatology

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Interpersonal Sensitivity ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Role Taking ◽  
Psychiatric Status ◽  
Anxiety Depression

57 V.A. patients hospitalized for either psychiatric or medical reasons completed a role-taking test and the SCL-90-R symptom checklist. It was hypothesized that compared to medical patients, psychiatric patients would evidence inferior role-taking ability and report more symptomatology on a majority of the SCL-90-R dimensions. And, it was hypothesized that patients with low role-taking ability, compared to patients of high ability, would report more distress on SCL-90-R dimensions containing items dealing with disturbed interpersonal relationships. The latter two hypotheses were confirmed. Compared to medical patients, psychiatric patients complained of more distress due to the SCL-90-R dimensions of Paranoid Ideation, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Hostility, Psychoticism, Anxiety, Depression, Phobic Anxiety and Obsessive-compulsive. The psychiatric patients did not complain of greater distress on the SCL-90-R dimension labeled Somatization. Finally, patients of low role-taking ability, compared to high ability patients, reported more distress on SCL-90-R dimensions labeled Paranoid Ideation, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Hostility, and Psychoticism, suggesting that patients of low ability experience more distressful interpersonal interactions than subjects of high ability.

Utilization of Emergency Departments for Psychiatric Treatment

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Emergency Department Utilization ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
Clinical Records

A survey of four Edmonton hospital emergency department records for a one month period was carried out to determine the frequency of utilization by patients suffering from psychiatric disorders. Male attenders outnumbered females and the majority of patients fell into the 21 — 50 year age range. Alcohol-related illness was almost three times more frequent in males than females, whereas females were more frequently categorized as suffering “personal distress” or presented as suicide attempts. Overall, seventy-three percent of the patients were discharged; of those admitted, females outnumbered males. The changing pattern of emergency department utilization was compared by examining data from one hospital for the years 1972, 1974 and 1976. During this four-year period the annual number of visits by psychiatric patients increased by almost eighty percent, largely due to dramatic increases in alcohol related problems in males and those described as “personal distress” in females. The establishment of intoxication recovery centres in 1973 paralleled a drop in the proportion of patients admitted to inpatient wards for alcohol-related, street drugs and overdose problems. The results of the present survey are compared to those reported in the relevant literature, and the methodological problems encountered in carrying out a retrospective study of emergency services from clinical records are described.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Services in Saskatchewan under Medicare*

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred A. Cassell ◽  
Colin M. Smith ◽  
Maggie Grandy Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Private Practice ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
To Receive

This study has examined the nature and extent of services provided to psychiatric patients under ‘Medicare’. An analysis of the records of 864,128 residents of Saskatchewan revealed that in 1965, 13,950 males and 27,009 females received a psychiatric diagnosis from physicians in private practice. Psychoneurotic conditions were frequent. General practitioners provided the majority of treatment services for this group. Physicians practising in urban areas were found to complete more psychiatric treatment than their rural counterparts. Female patients were found to receive relatively more psychiatric care than males. The latter obtained more consultations, hospital visits and somatic investigations. Lastly, the rate of service was infrequent, averaging less than one treatment session per patient.

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