Psychological distress in a sample of Moroccan prisoners with drug-dependence

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110102
Author(s):  
Anis Sfendla ◽  
Björn Martinsson ◽  
Ylva Filipovic ◽  
Meftaha Senhaji ◽  
Nóra Kerekes
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
High Psychological Distress ◽  
Drug Use Disorders ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Male Inmates ◽  
Depression Scales

Research regarding mental illness and drug addiction among inmates in Morocco requires increased knowledge; previous literature reported that prisoners suffer from severe psychological distress. The present study aimed to provide information about Moroccan prisoners’ psychological distress and define the differences in psychological distress levels among inmates with and without drug-dependence. A sample of 177 male inmates completed a set of surveys, including the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). The “Drug dependence” group scored significantly higher psychological distress levels in each of the BSI domains. The strongest differences were measured in the General Severity Index (GSI), hostility, and depression scales. Moroccan prison inmates have high psychological distress, and those with drug-dependence have even higher. There is a need of psychiatric assessment, selection, and care possibilities in prison inmate populations.

The Psychometric Properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory Hostility and Anxiety Subscales in a Prison Population

2021 ◽  
pp. JNM-D-19-00094
Author(s):  
Tracey K. Vitori ◽  
Susan Frazier ◽  
Misook L. Chung ◽  
Gia Mudd-Martin ◽  
Debra K. Moser
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Symptom Inventory ◽  
Male Inmates

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate psychometric properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) hostility and anxiety subscales in prison inmates.MethodsReliability and construct validity of the BSI hostility and anxiety subscales were examined using Cronbach's alphas, factor analysis, and hypothesis testing.ResultsOf the 373 male inmates, 63% were White with a mean age of 36 years. Cronbach's alphas for hostility and anxiety were 0.83 and 0.81, supporting internal consistency. Factor analysis demonstrated two dimensions, hostility and anxiety. Supporting construct validity, inmates with higher hostility as well as those with higher anxiety had a greater number of mentally unhealthy days and lower perceived control.ConclusionThe BSI hostility and anxiety subscales are reliable and valid for use in prison inmates.

Predictors of psychological distress and prevalence of self-reported mental disorders across healthcare professionals and the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle de Souza Costa ◽  
Jonas Jardim de Paula ◽  
Alexandre Luiz de Oliveira Serpa ◽  
Alexandre Paim Diaz ◽  
Mariana Castro Marques da Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Global Severity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Knowing the rate of psychological distress and mental disorders, its severity, and factors associated with psychological distress is strategical during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: We analyzed online cross-sectional data from 164,881 health professionals and from 5,635 participants from the general population in Brazil. The Global Severity Index (GSI) from the Brief Symptom Inventory, self-reported diagnosis of mental disorders, sociodemographic characteristics, and factors related to COVID-19 (physical health status, diagnosis and contact history, perceptions and concerns, and precautionary measures) were compared between samples. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate factors related to GSI scores.Results: Psychological distress was high or very high in 13.4% of health professionals and in 31.4% of the general population. Health professionals reported a lower rate of mental disorders (36%) compared with the general population (44.7%). Age (younger) and gender (female) predicted higher psychological distress for health professionals and economic class (lower) and household size (more members) for the general population. People with higher GSI scores reported to have experienced more physical symptoms associated with COVID-19, feeling less productive at work, being afraid of transmitting the coronavirus to the family, fear of financial difficulties, and feeling that home relations were worse during the pandemic outbreak. Limitations: Internet access in Brazil depends on sociodemographic factors, biasing the recruitment towards people with greater education level and income. The male vs. female unbalance (1:4) is a factor to account for when interpreting data. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders was self-declared.Conclusions: Psychological distress at the first wave of COVID-19 was associated with sociodemographic features and an anxious perception of experiences and thoughts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

A Psychometric Study of the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test—Extended in a Norwegian Sample

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 663-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Sletteng ◽  
Andreas K. Harnang ◽  
Ellen Hoxmark ◽  
Per M. Aslaksen ◽  
Oddgeir Friborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Drug Use Disorders ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Swedish Sample ◽  
Current Sample ◽  
Three Factor

Motivation is a widely used concept in substance use treatment, and is commonly seen as a premise for change during treatment. Different measures of motivation have been suggested. A relatively new instrument is the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test–Extended (DUDIT–E), developed in Sweden. This instrument has recently been introduced in Norway. The present study examined the Motivational Index of the Norwegian version of the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test-Extended (DUDIT–E). We tested whether the three-factor model (“Positive aspects of substance abuse”; “Negative aspects of substance abuse”; and “Treatment readiness”) suggested by previous studies could be replicated in a sample of Norwegian inpatients. Responses to the DUDIT–E were obtained from 105 patients admitted to inpatient substance abuse treatment in Northern Norway. Exploratory common factor analyses were used to compare the factor structure from the current sample with the Swedish sample of mainly detoxification patients and prison inmates. The current sample did not include prison inmates, and it consisted of more women than the Swedish sample. The samples did not differ according to age or substance dependency. The analyses suggested that six primary factors was the most efficient way of combining the item scores, and not 11 as in the Swedish sample. A second-order factor analysis found best support for a two-factor solution, and hence, did not replicate the previously suggested three-factor model either. Several regression analyses comparing the efficiency of the different ways of combining the DUDIT scores in primary or secondary factor scores indicated that the model involving six sum scores had best merit and should be explored further.

Psychological Distress in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: The Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1740-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Michel ◽  
Cornelia E. Rebholz ◽  
Nicolas X. von der Weid ◽  
Eva Bergstraesser ◽  
Claudia E. Kuehni
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Global Severity Index ◽  
Increased Risk

Purpose To evaluate the degree of psychological distress in adult childhood cancer survivors in Switzerland and to characterize survivors with significant distress. Methods Childhood cancer survivors who were age younger than 16 years when diagnosed between 1976 and 2003, had survived more than 5 years, and were currently age 20 years or older received a postal questionnaire. Psychological distress was assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Raw scores were transformed into T scores according to the German norm sample, and the proportion of participants being at increased risk for psychological distress was calculated (case rule: T ≥ 63). t tests and univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used for statistical analyses. Results One thousand seventy-six survivors (63.% of eligible survivors, 71.9% of contacted survivors) returned the questionnaire, 987 with complete data on BSI. Comparison with the norm populations showed lower T scores (T < 50) in the Global Severity Index (GSI; T = 46.2), somatization (T = 47.6), obsessive-compulsive tendencies (T = 46.9), and anxiety (T = 48.4). However, more childhood cancer survivors (especially women) had increased distress for GSI (14.4%), interpersonal sensitivity (16.5%), depression (13.4%), aggression (16.9%), and psychotic tendencies (15.6%) than the expected 10% from the norm population. Caseness was associated with female sex, being a single child, older age at study, and self-reported late effects, especially psychological problems. Conclusion Results show that childhood cancer survivors, on average, have less psychological distress than a norm population but that the proportion of survivors at risk for high psychological distress is disproportionally large. Monitoring psychological distress in childhood cancer survivors may be desirable during routine follow-up, and psychological support should be offered as needed.

A descriptive study of the prevalence of psychological distress and mental disorders in the Canadian population: comparison between low-income and non-low-income populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Caron ◽  
A. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
High Psychological Distress

Objective This descriptive study compares rates of high psychological distress and mental disorders between low-income and non-low-income populations in Canada. Methods Data were collected through the Canadian Community Health Survey – Mental Health and Well-being (CCHS 1.2), which surveyed 36 984 Canadians aged 15 or over; 17.9% (n = 6620) was classified within the low-income population using the Low Income Measure. The K-10 was used to measure psychological distress and the CIDI for assessing mental disorders. Results One out of 5 Canadians reported high psychological distress, and 1 out of 10 reported at least one of the five mental disorders surveyed or substance abuse. Women, single, separated or divorced respondents, non-immigrants and Aboriginal Canadians were more likely to report suffering from psychological distress or from mental disorders and substance abuse. Rates of reported psychological distress and of mental disorders and substance abuse were much higher in low-income populations, and these differences were statistically consistent in most of the sociodemographic strata. Conclusion This study helps determine the vulnerable groups in mental health for which prevention and promotion programs could be designed.

scholarly journals Alkoholkonsum bei Medizinstudierenden. Eine Analyse über 7 Jahre (2011 bis 2017)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Jacobs ◽  
Maike Linke ◽  
Ernst Peter Richter ◽  
Stephanie Drössler ◽  
Anja Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Psychische Belastung ◽  
Eine Analyse ◽  
Symptom Inventory ◽  
Identification Test

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund In der Literatur lassen sich Hinweise darauf finden, dass bei Medizinstudierenden häufig risikohafter Alkoholkonsum vorliegt. Ziel der Arbeit Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, den Alkoholkonsum Medizinstudierender im Zeitverlauf zu untersuchen. Material und Methoden Von 2011 bis 2017 wurden Dresdner Medizinstudierende des zweiten Semesters mit dem „Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test“ (AUDIT) befragt. Mögliche beeinflussende Faktoren des Alkoholkonsums wie Alter, Geschlecht, psychische Belastung („Brief-Symptom Inventory-18“ [BSI-18]), Jahrgang und Abiturnote der Medizinstudierenden wurden in einer Regressionsanalyse geprüft. Ergebnisse Auffällige Scores im AUDIT wiesen 47 % der Studierenden auf. Die männlichen Studierenden zeigten verglichen mit ihren Kommilitoninnen signifikant höhere Scores (6,73 vs. 4,64; p < 0,001). Aus der Regressionsanalyse gingen das Geschlecht (p = 0,000) sowie die psychische Belastung (p = 0,041; Frauen: p = 0,000) als beeinflussende Faktoren des Alkoholkonsums hervor. Schlussfolgerung Die Medizinstudierenden des zweiten Semesters zeigen häufig problematischen Alkoholkonsum, wobei dies v. a. für die männlichen Studierenden gilt. Der Alkoholkonsum von Medizinstudierenden scheint sich von 2011 bis 2017 nicht zu verändern. Die psychische Belastung stand überwiegend bei den weiblichen Medizinstudierenden mit dem Alkoholkonsum in Zusammenhang.

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