Plasticity in nitrogen conservation strategy under C gain variation in annual and perennial Physaria (Brassicaceae)

Flora ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 151659
Author(s):  
G. Rajnoch ◽  
D.A Ravetta ◽  
L. González-Paleo
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Gain Variation ◽  
Nitrogen Conservation

Difference mode EXELFS with parallel-detection EELS

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1262-1263
Author(s):  
Michael K. Kundmann ◽  
Ondrej L. Krivanek
Keyword(s):  
Edge Detection ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Parallel Detection ◽  
Gain Variation ◽  
Ideal Solutions ◽  
Detector Cell ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Elemental Detection ◽  
Partial Correction

Parallel detection has greatly improved the elemental detection sensitivities attainable with EELS. An important element of this advance has been the development of differencing techniques which circumvent limitations imposed by the channel-to-channel gain variation of parallel detectors. The gain variation problem is particularly severe for detection of the subtle post-threshold structure comprising the EXELFS signal. Although correction techniques such as gain averaging or normalization can yield useful EXELFS signals, these are not ideal solutions. The former is a partial throwback to serial detection and the latter can only achieve partial correction because of detector cell inhomogeneities. We consider here the feasibility of using the difference method to efficiently and accurately measure the EXELFS signal.An important distinction between the edge-detection and EXELFS cases lies in the energy-space periodicities which comprise the two signals. Edge detection involves the near-edge structure and its well-defined, shortperiod (5-10 eV) oscillations. On the other hand, EXELFS has continuously changing long-period oscillations (∼10-100 eV).

Acquisition of EELS spectra for high-resolution spectroscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 578-579
Author(s):  
Maoxu Qian ◽  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Edward A. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Detection System ◽  
High Resolution Spectroscopy ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
High Background ◽  
Gain Variation ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
On Line

It is difficult, in general, to perform quantitative EELS to determine, for example, relative or absolute compositions of elements with relatively high atomic numbers (using, e.g., K edge energies from 500 eV to 2000 eV), to study ELNES (energy loss near edge structure) signal using the white lines to determine oxidation states, and to analyze EXELFS (extended energy loss fine structure) to study short range ordering. In all these cases, it is essential to have high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio (low systematical error) with high overall counts, and sufficient energy resolution (∽ 1 eV), requirements which are, in general, difficult to attain. The reason is mainly due to three important inherent limitations in spectrum acquisition with EELS in the TEM. These are (i) large intrinsic background in EELS spectra, (ii) channel-to-channel gain variation (CCGV) in the parallel detection system, and (iii) difficulties in obtaining statistically high total counts (∽106) per channel (CH). Except the high background in the EELS spectrum, the last two limitations may be circumvented, and the S/N ratio may be attained by the improvement in the on-line acquisition procedures. This short report addresses such procedures.

STUDY OF POND STATUS IN INDIA : A REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. YADAV ◽  
SONAM SHARMA ◽  
A.K. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
P.K. KHARE
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Over Exploitation

Ponds are an important fresh water critical ecosystem for plants and animals providing goods and services including food, fodder, fish, irrigation, hydrological cycle, shelter, medicine, culture, aesthetic and recreation. Ponds cover less than 2 percent of worlds land surface. Ponds are important source of fresh water for human use. These are threatened by urbanization, industrialization, over exploitation, fragmentation, habitat destruction, pollution, illegal capturing of land and climate changes. These above factors have been destroying ponds very rapidly putting them in danger of extinction of a great number of local biodiversity. It is necessary to formulate a correct conservation strategy for pond restoration in order to meet the growing needs of fresh water by increasing the human population. Some measures have been compiled and proposed in the present review.

Increasing nitrogen conservation by adding urease inhibitor NBPT to chicken compost manure

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-648
Author(s):  
Fa-Bao ZHANG ◽  
Wen-Jie GU ◽  
Pei-Zhi XU ◽  
Kai-Zhi XIE ◽  
Shuan-Hu TANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Nitrogen Conservation ◽  
Compost Manure

Elicitation of expert knowledge to develop decision support tools for use in water demand management planning

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
D. Inman ◽  
D. Simidchiev ◽  
P. Jeffrey
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Influence Diagrams ◽  
Decision Support Tools ◽  
Water Demand Management ◽  
Support Tools

This paper examines the use of influence diagrams (IDs) in water demand management (WDM) strategy planning with the specific objective of exploring how IDs can be used in developing computer-based decision support tools (DSTs) to complement and support existing WDM decision processes. We report the results of an expert consultation carried out in collaboration with water industry specialists in Sofia, Bulgaria. The elicited information is presented as influence diagrams and the discussion looks at their usefulness in WDM strategy design and the specification of suitable modelling techniques. The paper concludes that IDs themselves are useful in developing model structures for use in evidence-based reasoning models such as Bayesian Networks, and this is in keeping with the objectives set out in the introduction of integrating DSTs into existing decision processes. The paper will be of interest to modellers, decision-makers and scientists involved in designing tools to support resource conservation strategy implementation.

The value of ecosystem services

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linus Blomqvist ◽  
R. David Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Pollution Treatment ◽  
Diminishing Returns

This chapter investigates whether the growing enthusiasm for ecosystem services recently expressed by conservation NGOs and international institutions is supported by evidence. Ecosystem services—the benefits humans receive from nature—have become the darlings of conservation on the assumption that the valuation of selected services may justify protecting land. A critical examination of a random sample of monetary valuations for regulating ecosystem services such as pollution treatment, finds that only onethird can be considered reliable, and that only ten percent of monetary value estimates can be transferred to other contexts. This suggests that the overall evidence base for assigning monetary value to nature is limited. Furthermore, diminishing returns, high opportunity costs, and technological substitutes might limit the amount of conservation that can be justified on the basis financial assessments of ecosystem services. As such, this chapter concludes that ecosystem services as a conservation strategy should not be embraced uncritically.

scholarly journals Cardiac Surgery Conduct during COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 091-095
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Sahu ◽  
Prateek Vaswani ◽  
Amitabh Satsangi ◽  
Sarvesh Pal Singh ◽  
Palleti Rajashekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
Valvular Heart Diseases

Abstract Background Health care is seriously affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with alarming effects upon conduct of cardiac surgery. The initial resource conservation strategy has to modify for handling the surging case load due to deference of routine care in the face of pandemic. Methods The cardiac surgical practice during the lockdown period (from 25th march till 25th June) at a tertiary care centre was observed. The cardiac diagnosis of the ones operated, conduct algorithm, and working policy were analyzed. Descriptive statistics was applied to calculate the percentages of different case subsets in both adult and pediatric groups. Results A total of 93 cardiac patients were consecutively operated during the 3 months’ period in two cardiac theatres of a total eight dedicated and were rotated cyclically. A total of 37 (39.78%) adult cardiac surgeries were performed out of 93 cases, with coronary artery bypass grafting (11.83%: 11/93) and valvular heart diseases (11.83%: 11/93) constituting the majority. Pediatric cardiac surgeries constituted 56 cases (60.21%) which comprised of arterial switch operation (19.35%), total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (8.60%), and Blalock Taussig shunts (7.53%) predominantly. There was no COVID-19-related mortality and none of the health-care workers developed COVID-19 in the entire study period. Conclusions The initial phase of resource conservation has undermined the routine cardiac surgical practice. The study showed that strict adherence to management algorithm is necessary for persisting smooth continuation of cardiac surgical practice with provision of optimum critical care. The strategic comeback against COVID-19 would urge institutional development of protocols to aid the post-surge period.

Effects of bamboo biochar on nitrogen conservation during co-composting of layer manure and spent mushroom substrate

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Bangxi Zhang ◽  
Beibei Fan ◽  
Iram Hassan ◽  
Yutao Peng ◽  
Ruonan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽  
Nitrogen Conservation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document