Soil nutrient deficiency decreases the postharvest quality-related metabolite contents of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) leaves

2022 ◽  
pp. 132003
Author(s):  
Bo Zhou ◽  
Yiyong Chen ◽  
Lanting Zeng ◽  
Yingying Cui ◽  
Jianlong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Related Metabolite

Estimating the weight of the Pleistocene marsupial lion, Thylacoleo carnifex (Thylacoleonidae:Marsupialia): implications for the ecomorphology of a marsupial super-predator and hypotheses of impoverishment of Australian marsupial carnivore faunas

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wroe ◽  
T. J. Myers ◽  
R. T. Wells ◽  
A. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Terrestrial Predator ◽  
Australian Marsupial ◽  
North Western

Using demonstrated relationships between body mass and humeral and femoral circumferences, we calculate the weight of the only specimen of Thylacoleo carnifex known from a near-complete skeleton. Body weights of 112–143 kg were estimated for this individual, from Moree, north-western New South Wales. Extrapolating on the basis of geometric similtude, we further estimated the weight of the largest T. carnifex for which we had cranial data at 128–164 kg. Moreover, estimates for at least three of the thirteen available specimens exceeded 124–160 kg, suggesting that individuals of this size were common. Our estimates of average weight for the species range from 101 to 130 kg. These results clearly show that Pleistocene Australia had a 'large' cat equivalent and that 'large' terrestrial predator niches were not then occupied exclusively by reptiles.They may also diminish the argument that soil-nutrient deficiency constrained the evolution of large mammalian carnivores on this continent in the Pleistocene. Similarly, we posit that prima facie evidence for reptilian domination of terrestrial carnivore niches during the Miocene is wanting, although it is conceded that far more detailed investigation is required to comprehensively test these hypotheses. Earlier studies have drawn parallels between T. carnifex and sabre-toothed predators, thought to have specialised in hunting particularly large and powerful prey. Taken in the context of upwardly revised weight estimates, we argue that Pleistocene marsupial lions may have dispatched even Diprotodon-sized animals. But again, more comprehensive study, including thorough biomechanical design analysis of the post-cranial skeleton in particular, will be required to thoroughly illuminate the predatory habitus and general ecology of Australia's largest and most specialised marsupial carnivore.

scholarly journals Ein Modell zur Bilanzierung des holzerntebedingten Nährstoffentzugs auf Schweizer Waldböden

2010 ◽  
Vol 161 (10) ◽  
pp. 401-412
Author(s):  
Renato Lemm ◽  
Oliver Thees ◽  
Urs Hensler ◽  
Jörg Hässig ◽  
Anton Bürgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Computational Implementation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Forest Enterprises ◽  
Nutrient Extraction ◽  
Structure And Functions

Abstract A model named NBM was developed to judge quantitatively the risks of soil nutrient extraction due to timber harvesting in Switzerland. The model can be used for forest enterprises as well as for larger regions. It assesses nutrient extraction at the level of the single stand as part of a scenario analysis. The extraction of nine nutrients as a result of harvesting is quantified under conditions with different silvicultural and bucking methods. The results are then compared to the soil potentials and changes in these potentials. The simulation results are assessed with respect to sustainability. Two criteria are used to evaluate the long-term risk of nutrient deficiency. The validity of the model in a practical context is limited as more soil informations would be needed. The paper describes structure and functions of the model, its computational implementation, and the results obtained from its first application in the forest enterprise of Bremgarten, Wohlen, Waltenschwil. It ends with a critical analysis of this first implementation of the model.

scholarly journals Foliar Mass and Nutrition of Abies concolor Christmas Trees following Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Slesak ◽  
Russell D. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Abies Concolor ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Balanced Tree

Abstract Fertilization in Christmas tree production is common to increase tree growth and quality, with many recommendations focusing on N as a primary amendment. However, other nutrients may limit growth, or N application may induce deficiency of other nutrients. We applied fertilizer as either ammonium nitrate (AN) or chicken manure compost (CMC) to concolor fir (Abies concolor [Gord. and Glend.] Lindl.) at eight sites across central New York in 2003 and measured foliar mass and macronutrient response (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) to assess the potential for an inducible nutrient deficiency or nutrient limitation other than N. Foliage mass, N concentration, and N content increased following both fertilizer treatments, indicating that N limits growth at these sites. Macronutrient (P, K, Mg, Ca) concentrations were reduced following AN application because of nutrient dilution following increased growth. Compared with published sufficiency nutrient concentrations, concentrations of P and K were diluted to levels considered limiting to growth. In contrast, there was no reduction in macronutrient concentrations for P, Ca, and Mg in the CMC application, indicating the potential for this amendment to maintain balanced tree nutrition with increased growth. Foliar K content was increased in the CMC treatment, and needle mass (as the primary growth response variable), was correlated with foliar K concentration (r2 = 0.71, P < 0.01). The results indicate a strong possibility of K limitation in concolor fir across a variety of site conditions. With few exceptions, there were no apparent relationships between soil nutrient pools and foliar nutrition, demonstrating the limitation of soil tests as a guide to nutrient amendments.

scholarly journals Papaya seedlings growth using a low-cost, automatic watering controller

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-535
Author(s):  
Gustavo Cardoso de Oliveira Dias ◽  
Leonardo Oliveira Medici ◽  
Marco Antonio da Silva Vasconcellos ◽  
Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho ◽  
Carlos Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

The study assessed growth and physiological parameters of 'Sunrise Golden' and 'Tainung 01' papaya seedlings grown in 280mL plastic tubes and watered using a low-cost automatic irrigation system adjusted to operate at substrate water tension for starting irrigation (STI) of 3.0, 6.0 or 9.0 kPa. The water depths applied by the dripping system and drainage were monitored during germination and seedling growth. Germination, emergence velocity index (EVI), leaf area, plant height, shoot and root dry weight, stomatal conductance, relative water content (RWC) and relative chlorophyll content (RCC) were evaluated. Soil nutrient levels were determined by electrical conductivity (EC). Water use efficiency (WUE) corresponded to the ratio of plant dry mass to depth of water applied. STI settings did not affect papaya germination or EVI. System configuration to 3.0 and 6.0 kPa STI exhibited the highest drainage and lowest EC and RCC, indicating soil nutrient loss and plant nutrient deficiency. Drainage was greater in tubes planted with the 'Tainung 01' variety, which developed smaller root systems and lower stomatal conductance than 'Sunrise Golden' seedlings. The highest values for shoot dry weight and WEU were obtained at 6.0 kPa STI for 'Sunrise Golden' (0.62 g and 0.69 g L-1) and at 9.0 kPa in 'Tainung 01' (0.35 g and 0.82 g L-1). RWC at 9.0 kPa STI was lower than at 3.0 kPa in both varieties. The results indicate that the low-cost technology developed for irrigation automation is promising. Even so, new studies are needed to evaluate low-flow irrigation systems as well as the nutrient and water needs of different papaya varieties.

scholarly journals Assessing soil fertility status and land suitability for patchouli plants (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) in Lamala District, Banggai Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Yulinda Karundeng ◽  
Hertasning Yatim ◽  
Hidayat Arismunandar Katili ◽  
Lina Lathifah Nurazizah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Soil Fertility Status

Besides influenced by genotype, the quality and quantity of patchouli essential oil were controlled by soil as a growing medium. The development of patchouli plantation in Lamala District is still hampered by negative stigma from the community. It is believed, the strong absorption rate from patchouli could lead to soil nutrient deficiency. The purpose of this study was to determine soil fertility status and evaluate its suitability for patchouli plant in 3 land units (e.g., uncultivated, cultivated with fertilization, and cultivated without fertilization). The method used is an Exploratory-Descriptive Survey. The determination of soil properties was based on physical properties such as texture, and chemical properties such as pH, organic-C and nitrogen, P2O5 and K2O, base cations and cation exchange capacity/CEC, and Fe. The data then matched to Soil Fertility and Land Suitability Criteria for the patchouli plant. The result showed that the chemical properties in 3 land units had slightly acidic, high CEC, medium base saturation, moderate P2O5 content, and moderate organic-C content. Meanwhile, the K2O content of the land without patchouli was very low and the patchouli with and without fertilizer was low. Soil fertility status in 3 land units was classified as marginally suitable (S3-rc,na), this is due to the limiting factors; soil texture (rc) and P2O5 (na).

The effect of long-term nutrient deficiency on the abundance and community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a mountainous grassland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kian Jenab ◽  
Stefan Gorka ◽  
Sean Darcy ◽  
Lucia Fuchslueger ◽  
Alberto Canarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Community Composition

&lt;p&gt;Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi are associated with almost all land plants and provide soil nutrients and other benefits to their plant hosts in exchange for photosynthetic products. While fertilization regimes in managed grasslands or agricultural systems are tailored for increasing plant biomass, their potential effects on AM fungi are rarely taken into account. Nutrient-driven changes in abundance and community composition of AM fungi, however, may feedback on ecosystem performance in the long term. Therefore, it is necessary to get a better understanding on how AM fungal communities respond to changes and imbalances in soil nutrient availabilities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here, we evaluated how long-term nutrient deficiency of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) affects the abundance and community composition of AM fungi in a mountainous grassland. In addition, we investigated how the responses of AM fungi to those deficiencies were modulated by liming and the type of fertilizer addition (inorganic versus organic).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our study was carried out on a long-term nutrient deficiency experimental grassland site in Admont (Styria, Austria), established in 1946. Different fertilization treatments were applied for more than 70 years in a randomized block design, including numerous combinations of inorganic (P, N, K with/without lime) and organic (solid manure and liquid slurry) fertilizers. The hay meadow at the site is cut three times per year and biomass is not returned to the system. Therefore, biomass and nutrients have been continuously removed for decades, leading to different types of soil nutrient deficiency. In this study, we collected both root and soil samples in July 2019 and quantified AM fungi and other microbial groups by measuring neutral fatty acid (NLFA) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers, respectively. Additionally, we applied DNA and RNA-based amplicon sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene to identify AM fungal community composition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our data shows that deficiencies of one or more elements had a major impact on both AM fungal biomass and community composition. AM fungal biomass was higher in plots that received no fertilizers compared to inorganically fertilized plots, but lower in plots which were deficient only in certain single or multiple elements, specifically in plots fertilized with inorganic N only (i.e., deficient in P and K). Conversely, liming and organic fertilizer amendments increased AM fungal biomass compared to plots containing inorganic fertilizers without lime. Across all treatments, AM fungal biomass was positively correlated with pH and soil water content, and negatively with dissolved N compounds, indicating indirect effects via responses of other soil parameters to nutrient deficiency. Long-term nutrient deficiency also altered plant community composition, which may also have indirectly affected AM fungal communities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We conclude that long-term nutrient deficiency, and in particular the stoichiometry of available nutrients, strongly affects the abundance and community composition of AM fungi in grassland soil. This response may be linked to changes in plant community composition or soil chemistry both as a result and as a cause, emphasizing the complexity of feedbacks determining the response of grassland ecosystems to changing nutrient conditions.&lt;/p&gt;

Physiological disorders.

2021 ◽  
pp. 214-222
Author(s):  
Nor Elliza Tajidin ◽  
Munirah Mohamad ◽  
Azimah Hamidon ◽  
Hamizah Hassan ◽  
Siti H. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Nutritional Disorder ◽  
Guava Fruit ◽  
Physiological Disorders ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Internal Browning

Abstract Guavas are highly perishable fruits where the production and postharvest quality of guava are affected by micronutrient deficiencies that can lead to physiological disorders. Environmental variables such as temperature, light, aeration and nutritional imbalances can also result in a disturbance in the plant metabolic activities and cause physiological disorders. It is crucial to understand several technical terms which identify the physiological and nutritional disorder symptoms, especially on guava fruit; for example, bronzing, chlorosis, lesion, scorching and others. This chapter discusses primary physiological disorders, including chilling injury, external and internal browning, sunscald, bronzing, fruit drop and nutrient deficiency.

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