scholarly journals Global value chains, large-scale farming, and poverty: Long-term effects in Senegal

Food Policy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goedele Van den Broeck ◽  
Johan Swinnen ◽  
Miet Maertens
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals EXPRESS: COVID-19 AND STROKE – UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP AND ADAPTING SERVICES. A GLOBAL WORLD STROKE ORGANISATION PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
pp. 174749302110064
Author(s):  
Hugh S Markus ◽  
Sheila Cristina Ouriques Martins
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Stroke Research ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Research Initiatives ◽  
Global World

A year ago the World Stroke Organisation (WSO) highlighted the enormous global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stroke care. In this review we consider a year later where we are now, what the future holds, and what the long term effects of the pandemic will be on stroke. Stroke occurs in about 1.4% of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 infection, who show an excess of large vessel occlusion and increased mortality. Despite this association, stroke presentations fell dramatically during the pandemic, although emerging data suggests that total stroke mortality may have risen with increased stroke deaths at home and in care homes. Strategies and guidelines have been developed to adapt stroke services worldwide, and protect healthcare workers. Adaptations include increasing use of telemedicine for all aspects of stroke care. The pandemic is exacerbating already marked global inequalities in stroke incidence and mortality. Lastly the pandemic has had a major impact on stroke research and funding, although it has also emphasised the importnace of large scale collaborative research initiatives.

scholarly journals Short- and Long-Term Effects of Nonconsciously Processed Ambient Scents in a Servicescape: Findings From Two Field Experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Girard ◽  
Marcel Lichters ◽  
Marko Sarstedt ◽  
Dipayan Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Railway Company ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Ambient Scents ◽  
Short Term Effects

Ambient scents are being increasingly used in different service environments. While there is emerging research on the effects of scents, almost nothing is known about the long-term effects of consumers’ repeated exposure to ambient scents in a service environment as prior studies on ambient scents have been lab or field studies examining short-term effects of scent exposure only. Addressing this limitation, we examine the short- and long-term effects of ambient scents. Specifically, we present a conceptual framework for the short- and long-term effects of nonconsciously processed ambient scent in olfactory-rich servicescapes. We empirically test this framework with the help of two large-scale field experiments, conducted in collaboration with a major German railway company, in which consumers were exposed to a pleasant, nonconsciously processed scent. The first experiment demonstrates ambient scent’s positive short-term effects on consumers’ service perceptions. The second experiment—a longitudinal study conducted over a 4-month period—examines scent’s long-term effects on consumers’ reactions and demonstrates that the effects persist even when the scent has been removed from the servicescape.

Response of the Cache Creek macroinvertebrates during the first 10 years following disturbance by the 1988 Yellowstone wildfires

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1077-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Wayne Minshall ◽  
Todd V Royer ◽  
Christopher T Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Taxa Richness ◽  
Site Coefficients ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Reference Stream ◽  
Stream Size

We evaluated the effects of disturbance on stream benthic macroinvertebrates at the ecological scales of time, stream size, and burn extent in six segments of Cache Creek over the first 10 postfire years. Postfire changes in macroinvertebrate taxa richness, density, and dominant taxa in the burn streams were significantly different from those in the reference stream. Chironomidae and Baetis typically comprised 40–60% of the macroinvertebrate assemblages of burned streams but only 15–18% of the assemblage in the reference site. Coefficients of variation for the 10-year period indicated that richness, density, biomass, and Baetis abundance were more variable (1.2–3.5 times higher) in the burn streams than in the reference stream and that variability in Chironomidae abundance in burn sites increased with stream size. Fire effects were not attenuated progressively with increasing stream size, probably because the proportion of the catchment burned did not decrease. However, similar-sized streams in which 68–71% of their catchments burned were more severely disturbed than those in which only 39–47% burned. Long-term effects on the macroinvertebrate community were due largely to the loss of terrestrial vegetation and increased runoff, which caused severe alterations in stream channel conditions and large-scale bedload movement.

Effects of Control of the Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) on Migratory and Resident Fish Populations

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1886-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Dahl ◽  
R. B. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Catostomus Catostomus ◽  
Noturus Flavus

Information from the records of the various agencies on control of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) was summarized from the early approach to control by mechanical or electrical barriers and chemical toxicants. While fish kill has been an inescapable consequence of the program, information available for migratory species has shown no large-scale detrimental effects. The only reportable instance of damage to a resident stream species has been the near loss of the stonecat (Noturus flavus) from tributaries to the southwest corner of Lake Superior, resulting from chemical treatments. Although no similar occurrences were recognized, available documentation proved inadequate to record long-term effects on these vulnerable species. As long as existing control methods continue, no matter the precautions taken, fish populations will be affected. Whether or not this remains a tenable situation is a question for this symposium and the future.Key words: weirs, chemicals, fish kills, sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus; Catostomus catostomus, Catostomus commersoni, Noturus flavus, Salvelinus fontinalis

Dynamic phosphorus mass balance modeling of large watersheds: long-term implications of management strategies

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Cassell ◽  
R. L. Kort ◽  
D. W. Meals ◽  
S. G. Aschmann ◽  
J. M. Dorioz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Modeling Process

The principles of mass balance, compartment-flux diagramming, and dynamic simulation modeling are integrated to create computer models that estimate phosphorus (P) export from large-scale watersheds over long-term futures. These Watershed Ecosystem Nutrient Dynamics (WEND) models are applied to a 275,000 ha dairy-documented watershed and a 77,000 ha poultry-dominated watershed in northeastern USA. Model predictions of present-day P export loads are consistent with monitoring data and estimates made using P export coefficients. For both watersheds P import exceeds P export and P is accumulating in the agricultural soils. Agricultural and urban activities are major contributors to P export from both watersheds. Continued urban growth will increase P export over time unless wastewater management is substantially enhanced and/or rates of urban growth are controlled. Agriculture cannot rely solely on the implementation of increasingly stringent conservation practices to reduce long-term P export but mustconsider options that promote P input/output balance. The WEND modeling process is a powerful tool to integrate the diversity of activities in watersheds into a holistic framework. Model outputs are suited to assist managers to explore long-term effects of overall watershed management strategies on P export in comparison to environmental and economic goals.

Housing Pathways and Stratification: Some Evidence from a British National Survey

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Sullivan ◽  
M. J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Housing Pathways ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

AbstractFive principles determining movement in the housing market relating to tenure, social class and fertility status were suggested by Payne and Payne (1977) on the basis of a small-scale study in Aberdeen. Analysis of a large-scale nationally-representative survey containing full housing and maternity histories suggests that some of these principles require modification at the national level. For example, movement into and between tenures, although heavily influenced by demographic and socio-economic factors, is not as rigid as the Aberdeen study suggested. The interaction of social class, age at marriage and childbearing patterns is assessed. Finally, changes over time in these relationships and the long-term effects on final family size and tenure are discussed.

scholarly journals Catestatin as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Clinical Perspective

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Josko Bozic ◽  
Marko Kumric ◽  
Tina Ticinovic Kurir ◽  
Hrvoje Urlic ◽  
Dinko Martinovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Important Player ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
Laboratory Biomarkers

Accounting for almost one-third of the global mortality, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major global health issue. Emerging data suggest that most of the well-established mechanistic explanations regarding the cardiovascular pathophysiology are flawed, and cannot fully explain the progression and long-term effects of these diseases. On the other hand, dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) has emerged as an important player in the pathophysiology of CVDs. Even though upregulated SNS activity is an essential compensatory response to various stress conditions, in the long term, it becomes a major contributor to both cardiac dysfunction and vascular damage. Despite the fact that the importance of SNS hyperactivity in the setting of CVDs has been well-appreciated, its exact quantification and clinical application in either diagnostics or therapy of CVDs is still out of reach. Nevertheless, in recent years a number of novel laboratory biomarkers implicated in the pathophysiology of SNS activation have been explored. Specifically, in this review, we aimed to discuss the role of catestatin, a potent physiological inhibitor of catecholamine spillover that offers cardioprotective effects. Limited data indicate that catestatin could also be a reliable indirect marker of SNS activity and it is likely that high CST levels reflect advanced CV disease burden. Consequently, large-scale studies are required to validate these observations in the upcoming future.

scholarly journals Re-evaluating inheritance in genome evolution: widespread transfer of LINEs between species

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atma M. Ivancevic ◽  
R. Daniel Kortschak ◽  
Terry Bertozzi ◽  
David L. Adelson
Keyword(s):  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mobile Dna ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
New Host ◽  
Transfer Event ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Foreign Dna

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA sequences, colloquially known as ‘jumping genes’ because of their ability to replicate to new genomic locations. Given a vector of transfer (e.g. tick or virus), TEs can jump further: between organisms or species in a process known as horizontal transfer (HT). Here we propose that LINE-1 (L1) and Bovine-B (BovB), the two most abundant TE families in mammals, were initially introduced as foreign DNA via ancient HT events. Using a 503-genome dataset, we identify multiple ancient L1 HT events in eukaryotes and provide evidence that L1s infiltrated the mammalian lineage after the monotreme-therian split. We also extend the BovB paradigm by increasing the number of estimated transfer events compared to previous studies, finding new potential blood-sucking parasite vectors and occurrences in new lineages (e.g. bats, frog). Given that these TEs make up nearly half of the genome sequence in today’s mammals, our results provide the first evidence that HT can have drastic and long-term effects on the new host genomes. This revolutionizes our perception of genome evolution to consider external factors, such as the natural introduction of foreign DNA. With the advancement of genome sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools, we anticipate our study to be the first of many large-scale phylogenomic analyses exploring the role of HT in genome evolution.Significance statementLINE-1 (L1) elements occupy about half of most mammalian genomes (1), and they are believed to be strictly vertically inherited (2). Mutagenic L1 insertions are thought to account for approximately 1 of every 1000 random, disease-causing insertions in humans (4-7). Our research indicates that the very presence of L1s in humans, and other therian mammals, is due to an ancient transfer event – which has drastic implications for our perception of genome evolution. Using a machina analyses over 503 genomes, we trace the origins of L1 and BovB retrotransposons across the tree of life, and provide evidence of their long-term impact on eukaryotic evolution.

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