Indications of the prominent role of elemental sulfur in the formation of the varietal thiol 3-mercaptohexanol in Sauvignon blanc wine

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Dias Araujo ◽  
Sebastian Vannevel ◽  
Astrid Buica ◽  
Suzanne Callerot ◽  
Bruno Fedrizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc

scholarly journals Organic Stabilization of Extracellular Elemental Sulfur in a Sulfurovum-Rich Biofilm: A New Role for Extracellular Polymeric Substances?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi Cron ◽  
Jennifer L. Macalady ◽  
Julie Cosmidis
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Cave System ◽  
Carboxylic Groups ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

This work shines light on the role of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in the formation and preservation of elemental sulfur biominerals produced by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. We characterized elemental sulfur particles produced within a Sulfurovum-rich biofilm in the Frasassi Cave System (Italy). The particles adopt spherical and bipyramidal morphologies, and display both stable (α-S8) and metastable (β-S8) crystal structures. Elemental sulfur is embedded within a dense matrix of EPS, and the particles are surrounded by organic envelopes rich in amide and carboxylic groups. Organic encapsulation and the presence of metastable crystal structures are consistent with elemental sulfur organomineralization, i.e., the formation and stabilization of elemental sulfur in the presence of organics, a mechanism that has previously been observed in laboratory studies. This research provides new evidence for the important role of microbial EPS in mineral formation in the environment. We hypothesize that the extracellular organics are used by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria for the stabilization of elemental sulfur minerals outside of the cell wall as a store of chemical energy. The stabilization of energy sources (in the form of a solid electron acceptor) in biofilms is a potential new role for microbial EPS that requires further investigation.

Xylene Addition Effects in Thermal Stage of Claus Reactors

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salisu Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed S. AlShoaibi ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Baseline Case ◽  
Claus Reactor ◽  
Sulfur Radicals

Experimental results are presented on the effect of xylene addition to H2S/O2 flames at equivalence ratio of 3.0 (Claus Condition) with respect to H2S and complete combustion of xylene. The results from the combustion of H2S/xylene mixture is compared with the baseline case of 100% H2S combustion to isolate the role of xylene addition in the Claus reactor. Combustion of H2S alone showed a decrease in its mole until it reached to an asymptotic minimum mole fraction value. This resulted in the formation of SO2 to a maximum mole fraction which subsequently decomposed from the formation of elemental sulfur through its reaction with H2S. Addition of small amount of xylene (0.5% and 1%) increased the asymptotic minimum value of H2S as well as the formation of H2 which provided oxidation competition between the formed H2 and H2S. Presence of xylene also triggered the formation of CH4 and CO which provided pathway on the formation of COS and CS2. The oxidation of CH4 and CO by SO2 and other sulfur radicals reduced the maximum mole fraction of SO2 but increased the subsequent rate of SO2 decomposition to increase the formation rate of elemental sulfur. These results show the direct impact of trace amounts of xylene in the feed stream on sulfur formation to reveal direct impact on the Claus reactor performance for sulfur capture.

Bioflotation of sulfide minerals with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in relation to copper activation and surface oxidation

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1073-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.T. Pecina-Treviño ◽  
G.T. Ramos-Escobedo ◽  
P.M. Gallegos-Acevedo ◽  
F.J. López-Saucedo ◽  
E. Orrantia-Borunda
Keyword(s):  
Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Sulfur Concentration ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Culture Cells

Surface oxidation of sulfides and copper (Cu) activation are 2 of the main processes that determine the efficiency of flotation. The present study was developed with the intention to ascertain the role of the phenomena in the biomodification of sulfides by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans culture (cells and growth media) and their impact in bioflotation. Surface characteristics of chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrrhotite, alone and in mixtures, after interaction with A. ferrooxidans were evaluated. Chalcopyrite floatability was increased substantially by biomodification, while bacteria depressed pyrrhotite floatability, favoring separation. The results showed that elemental sulfur concentration increased because of the oxidation generated by bacterial cells, the effect is intensified by the Fe(III) left in the culture and by galvanic contact. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans culture affects the Cu activation of sphalerite. The implications of elemental sulfur concentration and Cu activation of sphalerite are key factors that must be considered for the future development of sulfide bioflotation processes, since the depressive effect of cells could be counteracted by elemental sulfur generation.

scholarly journals Effect of EDTA chelate, cow manure, elemental sulfur application and Thiobacillus inoculant on Cd, Zn and Fe phytoremediation efficiency in a Cd-polluted soil

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Baghaie
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Mustard Plant

Background and Purpose: Phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metals is one of the important points in environmental studies. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of cow manure, elemental sulfur and EDTA on Cd uptake by Indian mustard in a Cd-polluted soil in the presence of Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Materials and Methods: Treatments consisted of applying cow manure (0, 5 and 10 g/kg soil), soil application of elemental sulfur (2 g/kg soil), and Cd-polluted soil (0 and 20 mg Cd/kg soil) with 1.5 mmol EDTA/kg soil in the presence of Thiobacillus spp. After 90 days, Indian mustard plant was harvested and plant Zn, Fe and Cd concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. In addition, the soil microbial respiration was measured. Results: The use of 2 g/kg soil of elemental sulfur significantly increased the plant Cd concentration in the presence and absence of Thiobacillus by 14.2 and 11.7%, respectively. Adding cow manure to the soil at the rates of 5 and 10 g/kg soil significantly increased the plant Cd concentration by 15.7 and 18.1%, respectively. Also, the application of EDTA chelate at the rate 0f 1.5 mmol/kg soil significantly increased the Cd concentration of the plants grown in the Cd-polluted soil (20 mg Cd/kg soil) by 13.6%. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that using elemental sulfur in the Cdpolluted soil can increase the Cd concentration of the plant which was cultivated in the soil amended with cow manure in the presence of Thiobacillus bacteria. However, the role of soil physic-chemical properties on phytoremediation efficiency cannot be ignored.  

The role of Thiobacillus albertis glycocalyx in the adhesion of cells to elemental sulfur

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Bryant ◽  
J. W. Costerton ◽  
E. J. Laishley
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Peripheral Cell ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Complete Detachment

Thiobacillus albertis, a newly characterized acidophilic Thiobacillus sp., was found not to be dependent on physiological conditions such as pH, cellular energy, or peripheral cell envelope sulfhydryl groups for attachment to elemental sulfur (S0). Heat-killed cells or those pretreated with sulfhydryl reagents (iodoacetate or iodoacetamide) were able to adhere to S0 in comparable numbers as assayed by epifluorescence microscopy. In addition, iodoacetate and iodoacetamide were found to be bactericidal, the former more potent than the latter. Sodium lauryl sulfate was found to cause nearly complete detachment of T. albertis cells from glass slides implicating its glycocalyx for this cell–glass attachment. In addition scanning electron microscopy visually revealed T. albertis cellular adhesion to S0 was due to the organism's threadlike glycocalyx material interacting with the sulfur surface. It was concluded that T. albertis glycocalyx plays an important role in the attachment to solid surfaces (glass or S0). In addition T. albertis was shown to colonize S0 surfaces by microcolonies.

scholarly journals New Precursors to 3-Sulfanylhexan-1-ol? Investigating the Keto–Enol Tautomerism of 3-S-Glutathionylhexanal

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4261
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Muhl ◽  
Lisa I. Pilkington ◽  
Rebecca C. Deed
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Enol Form ◽  
Keto Form ◽  
White Wines ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Thiol Compound ◽  
Volatile Precursors ◽  
First Time

The volatile thiol compound 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (3SH) is a key impact odorant of white wines such as Sauvignon Blanc. 3SH is produced during fermentation by metabolism of non-volatile precursors such as 3-S-gluthathionylhexanal (glut-3SH-al). The biogenesis of 3SH is not fully understood, and the role of glut-3SH-al in this pathway is yet to be elucidated. The aldehyde functional group of glut-3SH-al is known to make this compound more reactive than other precursors to 3SH, and we are reporting for the first time that glut-3SH-al can exist in both keto and enol forms in aqueous solutions. At wine typical pH (~3.5), glut-3SH-al exists predominantly as the enol form. The dominance of the enol form over the keto form has implications in terms of potential consumption/conversion of glut-3SH-al by previously unidentified pathways. Therefore, this work will aid in the further elucidation of the role of glut-3SH-al towards 3SH formation in wine, with significant implications for the study and analysis of analogous compounds.

The catalytic role of elemental sulfur in the DMSO-promoted oxidative coupling of methylhetarenes with amines: synthesis of thioamides and bis-aza-heterocycles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Tram Nguyen ◽  
Le Anh Nguyen ◽  
Quoc Anh Ngo ◽  
Marina Koleski ◽  
Thanh Binh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Coupling ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Catalytic Role

The S8/DMSO combination was found to be particularly effective to promote oxidative coupling of methylhetarenes with amines to synthesize thioamides/bis-aza-heterocycles.

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