Effect of EDTA chelate, cow manure, elemental sulfur application and Thiobacillus inoculant on Cd, Zn and Fe phytoremediation efficiency in a Cd-polluted soil

Background and Purpose: Phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metals is one of the important points in environmental studies. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of cow manure, elemental sulfur and EDTA on Cd uptake by Indian mustard in a Cd-polluted soil in the presence of Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Materials and Methods: Treatments consisted of applying cow manure (0, 5 and 10 g/kg soil), soil application of elemental sulfur (2 g/kg soil), and Cd-polluted soil (0 and 20 mg Cd/kg soil) with 1.5 mmol EDTA/kg soil in the presence of Thiobacillus spp. After 90 days, Indian mustard plant was harvested and plant Zn, Fe and Cd concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. In addition, the soil microbial respiration was measured. Results: The use of 2 g/kg soil of elemental sulfur significantly increased the plant Cd concentration in the presence and absence of Thiobacillus by 14.2 and 11.7%, respectively. Adding cow manure to the soil at the rates of 5 and 10 g/kg soil significantly increased the plant Cd concentration by 15.7 and 18.1%, respectively. Also, the application of EDTA chelate at the rate 0f 1.5 mmol/kg soil significantly increased the Cd concentration of the plants grown in the Cd-polluted soil (20 mg Cd/kg soil) by 13.6%. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that using elemental sulfur in the Cdpolluted soil can increase the Cd concentration of the plant which was cultivated in the soil amended with cow manure in the presence of Thiobacillus bacteria. However, the role of soil physic-chemical properties on phytoremediation efficiency cannot be ignored.

Growth Effect of the Different Ratios of Wood Vinegar on Brassica juncea

Four (4) different ratios of wood vinegar namely; 1:5; 1:10; 1:20 and 1:30 mL WV to water ratio extracted from coconut shell was tested to determine their growth effect on Brassica juncea or mustard plant or locally known as mustasa. Parameters measured were leaf number, plant height, plant leaf width. Using randomized complete block design, experimental tests were conducted using Brassica juncea as test plants. The samples of 10 days old were allowed to flourish in a potted plant with day to day application of the wood vinegar solutions together with the negative control for a total of 30 days. Results revealed that the wood vinegar ratios applied have no significant effect on the growth of the mustard plant in terms of its leaf number, plant height and leaf width. This indicates that coconut shell wood vinegar at 1:5, 1:10, 1:20 and 1:30 are not applicable ratios for plant production, as that an increased wood vinegar application increases plant production and growth.

Effects of Vermicompost and NPK Fertilizer to Growth and Yield of Mustard Plant (Brassica Juncea L) on Tropical Peatlands

This research aims to determine the effect of the application Vermicompost Organic Fertilizer and NPK inorganic fertilizer in different doses to see mustard plants' growth and the yield on the media of inland peat soil. The study was a completely randomized design factorial Completely Randomized Design, consisting of 2 treatment factors and three replications. The first factor is the dose of Vermicompost organic fertilizer (D), which consisting of 3 levels i,e D0 : control ; D1: 100 g/polybag; D2 : 200 g/polybag and the second factor is the dose NPK Fertilizer which consisting of 2 levels M0: control; M1: 1 g/polibag. This research has been conducted on the experimental field department of agriculture cultivation, Faculty of Agriculture, Palangka Raya University, Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan from October until December 2017. The results showed that the interaction of Vermicompost organic fertilizer and NPK fertilizer did not give an effect for plant growth parameters. Doses Vermicompost 100 g / polybag and NPK 1 g / polybag gave the highest results to growth and yield of mustard plants; based on the results of the analysis, the treatment of 1 g NPK / polybag had a very significant effect on the observed parameters such as plant height, number of leaf, root weight, and total plant weight.

THE EFFECT OF BIOGAS WASTE ON NUTRIENT CONTENTS AND MUSTARD PLANTS ( BRASSICA JU NCEA L.) PERFORMANCES

The aim of research to determine the effect of sludge that mixed with plant waste and livestock waste on soil nutrient content and Brassica L. performances The research method used was the experiment of adding local microorganism solution (LMS) of banana weevil, coconut fiber ash and eggshell flour into sludge of quail and octopus waste as organic fertilizer with a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 6 treatments and 4 replications The treatments used consisted of P0: sludge 100%; P1 :sludge 50% + LMS 20% + Ash 10% + Eggshell Flour 20%; P2: sludge 50% + LMS 20% + Ash 12.5% ​​+ Eggshell Flour 17.5%; P3: sludge 50% + LMS 20% + Ash 15% + Eggshell Flour 15%; P4: sludge 50% + LMS 20% + Ash 17.5% + Eggshell Flour 12.5% and P5: sludge 50% + LM S 20% + Ash 20% + Eggshell Flour 10%. The result showed that the treatment given had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on the total N content, elements P and K, but the highest average was obtained from P0 (100% sludge), so it can be concluded that had no effect on nutrient content. The average of total N values ​​ranged from 1.15 ± 0.10 to 2.39 ± 0.40 percent, element P ranges from 2.65 ± 0.19 to 5.28 ± 0.19 percent and element K ranges from 1.08 ± 0.05 to 4.28 ± 0.21 percent. And for Brassica L. this treatment give a real effect (P <0.01) to the height and weight of a mustard plant wet and did not give an effect (P <0.05) to the number of leaves of mustard plants. The conclusion of this study are the mixed sludge waste had a significant effect on soil nutrient content and on Brassica L. performance.

Adsorpsi Logam Merkuri (Hg) dari Limbah Tanah Tercemar Menggunakan Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L) pada Berbagai Waktu Tanam

Mercury (Hg) as a gold extractor can cause environmental pollution, therefore, hyperaccumulator plants are needed, such as mustard greens (Brassica juncea L). Research on the effect of planting time of mustard greens on the adsorption of mercury (Hg) metal ion on contaminated soil waste has been carried out. The purpose of this research was to determine the concentration and adsorption mechanism of Hg metal ion from contaminated soil at roots and canopy of mustard plants at various planting times. Amount of Hg metal ion adsorbed on the roots and canopy of mustard greens at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of planting times were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that the average levels of Hg metal ion adsorption at various planting time of 2, 4, and 6 weeks at roots were 156.611 μg/g, 810.256 μg/g, and 888.711 μg/g, respectively, and at the canopy were 69.486 μg/g, 134.580 μg/g, and 60.416 μg/g, respectively. The planting time of 6 weeks resulted in the highest adsorption ability of Hg at the roots. The results of the bioconcentration factor (BCF) test showed that the adsorption of Hg in the roots and canopy of the mustard plant took place using a phytoextraction mechanism (BCF < 1).

IMPLEMENTATION CERTAINTY FACTOR METHODS TO DIAGNOSE DISEASES IN PALM PLANTS

Mustard is a type of vegetable that is easy to cultivate. Mustard plants also include plants that are susceptible to diseases, such as earthworms, armyworms, leaf destroyers, club roots, and leaf spots. The limited knowledge of farmers about the types of diseases that attack the mustard plant causes mishandling which results in crop failure. The purpose of this research is to build an expert system that can help farmers diagnose the types of diseases that attack the mustard plant. The method used in building this expert system is the Certainty Factor which can find out certainty based on the evidence and judgment of an expert. The system is built on a website basis, which in its development uses the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method. The results of the research will provide output in the form of types of diseases that attack mustard plants based on the diagnoses entered by the user and provide ways of handling them.

Growth Response Of Pakcoy Mustard (Brassica Rapa L.) Mustard Plant Production With The Hydroponic Model Of The Wick System To Salinity Stress Conditions

The current decline in productivity and agricultural output is also a result of high salinity levels. As much as 20% of 50% of irrigated land worldwide is affected by varying levels of salinity. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth response of the wick system of hydroponic pakcoy mustard greens to salinity stress conditions. This research was conducted in Pabean Hamlet, Kejapanan Village, Gempol District, Pasuruan Regency, starting from September to October 2020. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design (RAK) with 6 treatments consisting of 0, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 ppm. The treatment was repeated three times, so that 18 experimental units were obtained. Each experimental unit consisted of 12 plants. The data were analyzed using ANOVA at the 5% level followed by the 5% BNJ test. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, wet weight, consumption weight, and chlorophyll test with a wavelength of 649 and 665. The results showed that there was no significant difference in each treatment unit. From these results it can be concluded that pakcoy mustard plants do not respond to salinity stresses of up to 3000 ppm.

Role of honey bee on mustard (Brassica spp.) yield

The study was conducted in the field at Nagarpur, Tangail, Bangladesh, from November 2016 to February 2017 to find out the role of honey bees on mustard yield. Honey bee (Apis mellifera) was the main insect pollinator during mustard flowering season. Mustard seeds of variety Tori-7 were selected for this experiment. Three different treatments were used, viz. control, netting with honey bees and netting without honey bees. Honey bees helped mustard pollination, but decreased the flowering period (6 days) of the mustard plant. Honey bees assisted the pollination of mustard and increased the number of pod per plant (14%) as well as the number of seeds per pod (11%). Honey bees enhanced the pollination of mustard plant, and netting with honey bees increased the mean seed yield (15%) per plant of mustard, however, decreased the period of flowering stage of mustard. Mustard yield was considerably higher in honey bee foraging plots. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2020, 6(1): 25-30

Identifikasi Nematoda Tanah Pada Perkebunan Sawi (Brassica juncea L.) di Kelurahan Landasan Ulin Utara, Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan

Nematodes are microscopic worms belonging to the soil biota with high species diversity. Nematodes have different compositions in different types of soil and areas. This research is conduct to determine the presence and genus of soil nematodes found in mustard plantations in Landasan Ulin Utara Village, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan. Soil samples are taken from community vegetable plantations with a depth of 0-20 cm around the mustard plant rhizosphere located in ??Jalan Kurnia and Jalan Sukamara, Landasan Ulin Utara Village, Banjarbaru. Extraction to separate nematodes from soil using the Whitehead & Hemming method (1965) and nematode fixation using the Seinhorst method (1959). Furthermore, the permanent nematode preparations were made for the identification stage by morphological observations and morphometric measurements. The identification results showed that the genera of nematodes found in the study site's soil samples were Iotonchus, Crustorhabditis, Ironus, and Xiphinema.