Nutrient and [CO2] elevation had synergistic effects on biomass production but not on biomass allocation of white birch seedlings

2006 ◽  
Vol 234 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouren Zhang ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang ◽  
Xiaoguang Yü
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Co2 Elevation

scholarly journals Growth and Photosynthetic Responses of Three Lycoris Species to Levels of Irradiance

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panpan Meng ◽  
Ying Ge ◽  
Qianjin Cao ◽  
Jie Chang ◽  
Peng Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

Lycoris species have appealing characteristics for potting plants, cut flowers, and landscaping decorations, including attractive foliage, which is very similar to that of cymbidium. Lycoris species have been extensively propagated and marketed in Asia. Understanding the response of Lycoris spp. to irradiance intensity will help the horticultural industry improve the production of potting plants of those species. We studied the responses of photosynthesis, growth, and biomass allocation of potted Lycoris spp. (L. chinensis, L. longituba, and L. sprengeri) bulbs grown under three levels of irradiance, i.e., 100%, 70%, and 30% full sunlight. We found that in terms of biomass production L. chinensis can be cultivated under all levels of irradiance studied from full to 30% sunlight. For L. longituba, high irradiance levels increased the rate of net photosynthesis. For both L. chinensis and L. longituba, the full sunlight treatment produced the most attractive plants characterized by shorter, wider, and darker green leaves, features that appeal to consumers. However, none of the growth traits of L. sprengeri were affected by the irradiance treatment over the entire experimental period. It can be concluded that potting plants of L. chinensis and L. longituba are best produced under full sunlight, whereas L. sprengeri can be produced under irradiance levels from 30% to full sunlight.

scholarly journals Growth and Photosynthetic Responses of Seedlings of Japanese White Birch, a Fast-Growing Pioneer Species, to Free-Air Elevated O3 and CO2

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Mitsutoshi Kitao ◽  
Evgenios Agathokleous ◽  
Kenichi Yazaki ◽  
Masabumi Komatsu ◽  
Satoshi Kitaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Photosynthetic Acclimation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Elevated O3 ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

Plant growth is not solely determined by the net photosynthetic rate (A), but also influenced by the amount of leaves as a photosynthetic apparatus. To evaluate growth responses to CO2 and O3, we investigated the effects of elevated CO2 (550–560 µmol mol−1) and O3 (52 nmol mol−1; 1.7 × ambient O3) on photosynthesis and biomass allocation in seedlings of Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica) grown in a free-air CO2 and O3 exposure system without any limitation of root growth. Total biomass was enhanced by elevated CO2 but decreased by elevated O3. The ratio of root to shoot (R:S ratio) showed no difference among the treatment combinations, suggesting that neither elevated CO2 nor elevated O3 affected biomass allocation in the leaf. Accordingly, photosynthetic responses to CO2 and O3 might be more important for the growth response of Japanese white birch. Based on A measured under respective growth CO2 conditions, light-saturated A at a light intensity of 1500 µmol m−2 s−1 (A1500) in young leaves (ca. 30 days old) exhibited no enhancement by elevated CO2 in August, suggesting photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2. However, lower A1500 was observed in old leaves (ca. 60 days old) of plants grown under elevated O3 (regulated to be twice ambient O3). Conversely, light-limited A measured under a light intensity of 200 µmol m−2 s−1 (A200) was significantly enhanced by elevated CO2 in young leaves, but suppressed by elevated O3 in old leaves. Decreases in total biomass under elevated O3 might be attributed to accelerated leaf senescence by O3, indicated by the reduced A1500 and A200 in old leaves. Increases in total biomass under elevated CO2 might be attributed to enhanced A under high light intensities, which possibly occurred before the photosynthetic acclimation observed in August, and/or enhanced A under limiting light intensities.

Growth and biomass allocation of symptomatic and asymptomatic Populustremuloides clones in response to seasonal ozone exposures

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1785-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.F. Karnosky ◽  
Z.E. Gagnon ◽  
D.D. Reed ◽  
J.A. Witter
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Selective Force ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Stem Biomass ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Upper Peninsula Of Michigan ◽  
Tolerant Clones

The effect of single-season ozone exposures on growth and biomass production of numerous trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) clones was studied, using open-top chambers, in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. All clones studied had previously been ranked according to foliar sensitivity to short-term, high-dose ozone exposures. For this study, comparisons were made between plants grown in charcoal-filtered, nonfiltered, and ozone-added (consisting of 80 ppb ozone for 6 h per day, 3 days per week) chambers and in open-air plots. For the plants grown in ozone-added chambers, as compared with those grown in the charcoal-filtered air, stem biomass decreases were 0% for the 18 ozone-tolerant clones and 46.4% for the 18 ozone-sensitive clones, in 1988. In 1989, they were 5% for the tolerant clones and 74% for the sensitive clones. Thus, our results suggest that ozone can have either a negative effect on growth or no effect, depending on the clones tested. However, it is clear from this study that ozone consistently affected biomass production in sensitive clones in a negative manner. These results strengthen the case for ozone being a strong selective force, even at relatively low total doses.

EFFECT OF SOME METABOLIC INHIBITORS AND GROWTH HORMONES ON THE SPORULATION AND GROWTH OF AZOLLA MICROPHYLLA

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-444
Author(s):  
P. P. Kar ◽  
D. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitor ◽  
Azolla Microphylla ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Thiourea Solution

Foliar sprays of 25–100 mg L−1 dinitrophenol, sodium azide (NaN3) and thiourea solution applied to Azolla microphylla (strains 202 and 203) at seven days after inoculation significantly increased the sporulation frequency and number of micro- and mega-sporocarps per plant. Azolla biomass production was decreased by the application of NaN3 at 50–100 mg L−1 and dinitrophenol or thiourea at 75 and 100 mg L−1. Both the sporulation frequency and sporocarp number were maximal with dinitrophenol and NaN3 at 100 mg L−1 and thiourea at 75 mg L−1. At this concentration, NaN3 was more effective than dinitrophenol and thiourea in enhancing sporulation in A. microphylla (strain 203). The sporulation frequency and micro-sporocarp number were significantly higher with gibberellic acid (2.5 mg L−1) than with indole acetic acid (6 mg L−1) application, while the effects of NaN3 were comparable with those of gibberellic acid. The mega-sporocarp numbers in these treatments were comparable. The combined application of any two of the metabolic inhibitors had antagonistic effects and decreased the sporulation frequency and sporocarp number over their individual applications. Combined applications also substantially reduced the biomass production. The application of gibberellic acid or indole acetic acid along with one of the metabolic inhibitors had synergistic effects on the formation of sporocarps and significantly increased the biomass production, irrespective of the metabolic inhibitor treatment. The number of both micro- and mega-sporocarps in the gibberellic acid + NaN3 and indole acetic acid + NaN3 treatments, and micro-sporocarps in the gibberellic acid + dinitrophenol, indole acetic acid + dinitrophenol and indole acetic acid + thiourea treatments was significantly higher than when each of these chemicals was applied alone. Of the different combinations of gibberellic acid, indole acetic acid and NaN3, gibberellic acid + NaN3 recorded the highest sporulation frequency and micro-sporocarp number, and indole acetic acid + NaN3 the highest mega-sporocarp number. Application of all three chemicals together had no extra advantage.

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