scholarly journals CO2 Elevation and Photoperiods North of Seed Origin Change Autumn and Spring Phenology as Well as Cold Hardiness in Boreal White Birch

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binyam Tedla ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang ◽  
Sahari Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Co2 Elevation

scholarly journals Woody species do not differ in dormancy progression: differences in time to budbreak due to forcing and cold hardiness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al Kovaleski
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Phenological Phases

AbstractBudbreak is one of the most observed and studied phenological phases in perennial plants. Two dimensions of exposure to temperature are generally used to model budbreak: accumulation of time spent at low temperatures (chilling); and accumulation of heat units (forcing). These two effects have a well-established negative correlation: the more chilling, the less forcing required for budbreak. Furthermore, temperate plant species are assumed to vary in amount of chilling required to complete endodormancy and begin the transition to breaking bud. Still, prediction of budbreak remains a challenge. The present work demonstrates across a wide range of species how bud cold hardiness must be accounted for to study dormancy and accurately predict time to budbreak. Cold hardiness defines the path length to budbreak, meaning the difference between the cold hardiness buds attain during the winter, and the cold hardiness at which deacclimated buds are predicted to open. This distance varies among species and throughout winter within a species. Increases in rate of cold hardiness loss (deacclimation) measured throughout winter show that chilling controls deacclimation potential – the proportion of the maximum rate response attained at high chill accumulation – which has a sigmoid relationship to chilling accumulation. For forcing, rates of deacclimation increase non-linearly in response to temperature. Comparisons of deacclimation potential show a dormancy progresses similarly for all species. This observation suggests that comparisons of physiologic and genetic control of dormancy requires an understanding of cold hardiness dynamics and the necessity for an update of the framework for studying dormancy and its effects on spring phenology.

scholarly journals 584 PB 097 MICROPROPAGATION AND REGENERATION OF AN ELITE ASIAN WHITE BIRCH SELECTION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 515e-515
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Schnurr ◽  
Zongming Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Dark Treatment ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Selection Of

A selection of Betula platyphylla, from an open pollinated population, was made for upright growth habit, cold hardiness, and a dark green canopy. A micropropagation system was developed to overcome the difficulty with conventional propagation techniques. Shoot-tip cultures were best established in 3/4 strength MS medium supplemented with 0.1 μM thiadiazuron. After 5 weeks in culture, shoots were transferred to woody plant medium (WPM) with 4.4 μM BA. The highest proliferation rate occurred at 24 C on WPM, solidified with agar, and supplemented with 2.2 μM BA. Shoots rooted in vitro and ex vitro and have been established in the field. A regeneration system has also been developed using leaves from aseptic cultures. The optimum conditions for shoot regeneration include a 2-week dark treatment before exposure to a 16-h day/8-h night cycle. Large, healthy leaf explants cultured on WPM with 20 μM BA regenerated shoots at the highest frequency. Regenerated shoots, when transferred to the micropropagation system, proliferate successfully. Currently, a transformation system for this selection is being developed.

Trembling aspen, balsam poplar, and white birch respond differently to experimental warming in winter months

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1469-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Steve Colombo ◽  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Junlin Li ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Experimental Warming ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Increased Risk

Climatic warming may increase temperature variability, especially in winter months, leading to increased risk of early loss of cold hardiness and therefore freezing damage. In this study, changes in cold hardiness (measured based on electrolyte leakage), budbreak, and survival were used to indicate the responses of seedlings of 3 boreal broadleaf species [Formula: see text] trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), balsam poplar (P. balsamifera L.), and white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) [Formula: see text] to experimental warming. Seedling responses were greater in winter (January) and spring (March) than fall (November), and were greater in trembling aspen and balsam poplar than white birch. Warming for 5 or 10 days at 16 °C day/–2 °C night with a 10-h photoperiod in winter and spring generally reduced cold hardiness. Combined with freezing temperatures in the postwarming ambient environment, this reduction increased seedling mortality and stem dieback and extended time to budbreak. Cold hardiness increased somewhat 10 days after seedlings were returned to the outdoor environment following warming in spring, when ambient temperatures were less damaging. The resistance of white birch to warming, likely because of its greater thermal requirement for budbreak and slower natural dehardening, suggests that this species is better suited to withstand increasing winter temperature variability that might occur under climate change. To improve the accuracy of phenological modelling, the effects of winter freezing on budbreak should be factored in.

scholarly journals Cold Hardiness Dynamics and Spring Phenology: Climate-Driven Changes and New Molecular Insights Into Grapevine Adaptive Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria De Rosa ◽  
Giannina Vizzotto ◽  
Rachele Falchi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Bud Phenology ◽  
Geographical Locations

Climate change has become a topic of increasing significance in viticulture, severely challenged by this issue. Average global temperatures are increasing, but frost events, with a large variability depending on geographical locations, have been predicted to be a potential risk for grapevine cultivation. Grape cold hardiness encompasses both midwinter and spring frost hardiness, whereas the avoidance of spring frost damage due to late budbreak is crucial in cold resilience. Cold hardiness kinetics and budbreak phenology are closely related and affected by bud’s dormancy state. On the other hand, budbreak progress is also affected by temperatures during both winter and spring. Genetic control of bud phenology in grapevine is still largely undiscovered, but several studies have recently aimed at identifying the molecular drivers of cold hardiness loss and the mechanisms that control deacclimation and budbreak. A review of these related traits and their variability in different genotypes is proposed, possibly contributing to develop the sustainability of grapevine production as climate-related challenges rise.

Genetic variation in cold hardiness of Douglas-fir in relation to parent tree environment

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
L M Balduman ◽  
S N Aitken ◽  
M Harmon ◽  
W T Adams
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Parent Tree ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Components Analysis

The extent to which parent trees within breeding zones of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) are locally adapted to their native environments was evaluated. Forty families from each of one Coastal and one Cascade breeding population in Oregon were assessed for cold hardiness and growth phenology, and family means for traits were summarized using principal components analysis (PCA). Composition of the first two principal components (PCs) was consistent between breeding zones, years, and test sites. PC-1, describing 39-46% of trait variation, represents a suite of traits related to spring phenology and spring cold hardiness. PC-2, describing 20-22% of trait variation, consists of cold-hardiness traits not associated with phenology. The first two PCs from each population, as well as univariate traits, were regressed on parent tree location variables and modeled climatic indices separately. In the Coastal zone, PC-1 was weakly but significantly related to temperature and moisture regimes (0.176 [Formula: see text] r2 [Formula: see text] 0.235), varying with elevation and distance from the ocean. PC-2 was related to temperature and moisture regimes in both populations (0.087 [Formula: see text] r2 [Formula: see text] 0.249). These relatively weak geographic patterns for adaptive traits within breeding zones suggest that current zone size is not excessive and could likely be increased north or south.

Effect of coppicing on root system morphology and its significance for subsequent shoot regeneration of birches

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1870-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katri Paukkonen ◽  
Anneli Kauppi
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Stem Cutting ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Positive Effect

The growth of the root system after stem cutting and the effects of the root system and its size on the regeneration of stem are poorly known. These aspects were here investigated in 8-year-old silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and common white birch (B. pubescens Ehrh.) growing in the field. One eighth of the root systems of birches of both sprout and seed origins were excavated for morphometric analysis. Seven years after the first cutting, fresh mass, length, and diameter of the roots of sprout-origin B. pendula were smaller than those of seed-origin ones. After the cutting of the experimental season, the root system did not develop new structural root tips. When both root pruning and stem cutting were performed, stumps sprouted well by July, but the number of sprouts decreased clearly by August. The positive effect of stem cutting on sprouting disappears in a few years in these species. As the size of the root system does not clearly influence the growth of sprouts, the competition of root systems of adjacent trees does not restrict the shoot growth of birch plants at least in planted birches up to about 10 years of age.

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