Influences of gap position, vegetation management and herbivore control on survival and growth of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Milakovsky ◽  
Brent R. Frey ◽  
Mark S. Ashton ◽  
Bruce C. Larson ◽  
Oswald J. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Survival And Growth

scholarly journals Effects of substrate availability and competing vegetation on natural regeneration of white spruce on logged boreal mixedwood sites

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola A. Kokkonen ◽  
S. Ellen Macdonald ◽  
Ian Curran ◽  
Simon M. Landhäusser ◽  
Victor J. Lieffers
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Survival And Growth

Given a seed source, the quality of available substrates is a key factor in determining the success of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) natural regeneration. We examined the influence of substrate and competing vegetation on survival and growth of natural regeneration of white spruce up to 4 years following harvesting in deciduous-dominated upland boreal mixedwood sites. Feather moss, thick soil surface organic layers, litter, and solid wood were poor substrates for establishment. Early successional mosses establishing on mineral soil, thin organics, and rotten wood were generally favourable microsites but were not highly available on postharvest sites. Mineral soil substrates were not as suitable as expected, likely because on a postlogged site, they are associated with unfavourable environmental characteristics (e.g., low nutrient availability, exposure). There was some evidence that survival and growth of seedlings were improved by surrounding vegetation in the first years, but heavy competing vegetation had a negative impact on older seedlings. Burial by aspen litter greatly increased seedling mortality, especially when combined with a brief period of submergence due to heavy spring snowmelt. The results provide insight into conditions under which natural regeneration could be an option for establishing white spruce following harvesting of deciduous-dominated boreal mixedwood forests.

Survival and growth response of white spruce stock types to site preparation in Alaska

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Youngblood ◽  
Elizabeth Cole ◽  
Michael Newton
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Bare Root

To identify suitable methods for reforestation, we evaluated the interacting effects of past disturbance, stock types, and site preparation treatments on white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedling survival and growth across a range of sites in Alaska. Replicated experiments were established in five regions. At each site, two complete installations differed in time since disturbance: “new” units were harvested immediately before spring planting and “old” units were harvested at least 3 years before planting. We compared mechanical scarification before planting, broadcast herbicide application during the fall before planting, and no site preparation with 1-year-old container-grown seedlings from two sources, 2-year-old bare-root transplants from two sources, and 3-year-old bare-root transplants. Seedlings were followed for 11 years on most sites. Based on meta-analyses, seedling survival increased 10% with herbicide application and 15% with mechanical scarification compared with no site preparation. Scarification and herbicide application increased seedling height by about 28% and 35%, respectively, and increased seedling volume by about 86% and 195%, respectively, compared with no site preparation. Soil temperature did not differ among site preparation methods after the first 7 years. Results suggest that white spruce stands may be successfully restored through a combination of vegetation control and use of quality planting stock.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TWO PLANTING METHODS ON THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF WHITE SPRUCE (Picea glauca (MOENCH) VOSS) IN EASTERN ONTARIO

1958 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Armson
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Eastern Ontario ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Method Of Planting

White spruce trees were planted in the Larose County Forest, Ontario, on a sandy soil which has a permanent water table 6-24 inches below the surface. In one method of planting the trees were placed in the bottom of the furrow, and in a second method they were planted in the upturned furrow slice. Eight years after planting there was found to be no difference in the survival rates of trees planted by either method, but the height of those trees planted in the upturned furrow slice was significantly greater than that of trees planted in the bottom of the furrow. The difference in height appeared to be related to the fact that those trees planted in the furrow bottoms had their roots placed in a zone of the soil which is seasonally saturated with water.

Vegetation management and site preparation effects on 13C isotopic composition in planted white spruce

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E Staples ◽  
Ken CJ Van Rees ◽  
J Diane Knight ◽  
C van Kessel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
And Control

Moisture availability is the factor that most commonly influences the discrimination against 13C fixation (Δ) by C3 plants. Therefore, by changing the availability of moisture by way of controlling competing vegetation, Δ in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings should be affected. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of manual brushing on Δ in white spruce seedlings planted in disc-trenched and control (i.e., no site preparation) microsites. The effects of site preparation and vegetation management on soil moisture, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and Δ in white spruce seedlings were evaluated over three growing seasons. Vegetation management increased the amount of PAR reaching seedlings in the control and disc-trenched treatments by removing the shading by native vegetation around each seedling. It appears that the increase in PAR reaching seedlings decreased Δ by increasing the photosynthetic consumption of CO2. Differences in soil available moisture (up to 22%) between control and disc-trenched treatments were not reflected in Δ values, contrary to our initial hypothesis. This may indicate that the site was not moisture limiting. Also, these results underline the complexity and difficulty of determining the controlling mechanisms by which Δ is affected.

Effects of fire severity on early survival and growth of planted jack pine, black spruce and white spruce

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
Kevin J Kemball
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Early Survival

Two boreal mixedwood stands burned by the 1999 Black River wildfire in southeastern Manitoba, Canada were selected to study the effect of fire severity on early survival and growth of planted jack pine (Pinus banksiana), black spruce (Picea mariana) and white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings. In each stand, three fire severity classes (scorched, lightly burned, and severely burned) were identified based on the degree of forest floor consumption. Fire severity was not a significant factor on mortality. No mortality difference was found among species, except for year 5 when jack pine had significantly higher mortality than both black spruce and white spruce. Jack pine and black spruce had their highest mortality in year 4, while white spruce had its highest mortality in year 1. Under natural competition, seedling growth increased with increasing fire severity. When competition was removed, fire severity did not affect seedling growth. Regardless of fire severity and competition, jack pine had better diameter and height growth than black spruce, which, in turn, grew slightly taller than white spruce. Planted seedlings faced less intense vegetation competition on severely burned plots compared to scorched or lightly burned plots. Regardless of fire severity and species, competition increased with time since planting. Our study results indicate that planting immediately after a wildfire is a viable option to establish conifer components on burned boreal mixedwood stands. Key words: fire severity, plantation, regeneration, Pinus banksiana, Picea mariana, Picea glauca

scholarly journals Growth of Coniferous Seedlings on a Drained and Mounded Peatland in Central Alberta

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam K. Takyi ◽  
Graham R. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract Artificial reforestation experiments compared survival and growth of five species of coniferous containerized seedlings, and seedling browsing by ungulates on a clearcut, drained, and mounded peatland in the boreal forest. Six to seven growing seasons after planting, 91% of all seedlings had survived. Height and diameter growth in five species were ranked as follows: Siberian latch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) > lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) > tamarack (Larix laricina [Du Roi] K. Koch) > black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) = white spruce(Picea glauca [Moench] Voss). Overall, tamarack height and diameter growth was twice that of either spruce species. Height and diameter growth of tamarack, black spruce, and white spruce planted in the spring was 65% to 97% greater than that of the more robust seedlings for the same species planted in the fall of the same year. Repeated winter browsing by ungulates did not affect survival and growth of the five species. In an experiment where survival and growth of tamarack and black spruce seedlings planted on the mounds were compared with that of seedlings planted on the flat areas between mounds, there were no differences in survival, height, or root collar diameter growth between the two planting sites. In the event that suitable peatlands are used to augment existing timber supplies, lowering the water table through ditching, combined with mound-planting, is a feasible method of reforesting timber-harvested, boreal wet sites with Siberian latch, lodgepole pine, and white spruce. Tamarack and black spruce, however, survive and grow well on drained peatlands without mound-planting. North. J. Appl. For. 17(2):71-79.

Some effects of root dipping, root exposure and extended planting dates with white spruce

1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Considerable Reduction ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Root Exposure ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Planting Season

In 1967 a planting experiment was initiated at Midhurst Nursery with 3-0 white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) to examine the effects of dipping the roots in water immediately on lifting, and of exposure of roots to air for periods of up to 3 hours. Weekly liftings and (same day) plantings were used. The corresponding controls (minimum exposure) were an example of fresh-lift, quick-plant procedure through and extending the normal planting season for this area and species. The results were examined in terms of second-year survival percentages and terminal growth.A all times of lifting and planting, dipping was beneficial to survival (83.5 ± 4.7% dipped, 77.2 ± 7.0% non-dipped) and to terminal growth (9.46 ± 0.42 cm dipped, 9.0 ± 0.42 cm non-dipped).Increased time of exposure of roots caused considerable reduction in survival and growth. On the one rainy day of planting there was little adverse effect from exposure. The extended planting season showed that although survival was reasonable, there was an indication of the inhibition of terminal growth as the season progressed.

Effects of Seedbed Density and Nursery Fertilization on Survival and Growth of White Spruce

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin ◽  
L. Bowdery
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Small Benefit ◽  
Recommended Level

The effects of seedbed densities and fertilizer levels on growth in the nursery and on performance after planting of 3-0 white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) were studied in an experiment started in 1965. Seedbeds were thinned at 1-0 to densities of 15 and 30 trees per ft2 (161 and 322 per m2). Fertilizer treatments consisted of 'control' (no further treatment after 1-0), 'normal' (the recommended level for top dressing from soil and plant analyses) and 'double' (twice the recommended amounts).Results five years after outplanting showed much benefit from thinning to 15 trees per ft2 (161 per m2) at both nurseries. Normal fertilizer applications at Midhurst gave small benefit over the controls but the double fertilizer gave increased growth (aggregate height) up to 15%. At Orono the normal fertilizer treatment gave more benefit but doubling it gave only a small additional increase. The need for field test plots to study the effectiveness of the fertilizer program is stressed.

scholarly journals Survival and growth patterns of white spruce ( Picea glauca [ M oench] Voss) rangewide provenances and their implications for climate change adaptation

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 2360-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
William H. Parker ◽  
Marilyn Cherry ◽  
Steve Colombo ◽  
William C. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Survival And Growth

ROOT PRUNING OF NURSERY STOCK

1966 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Survival And Growth

In the fall of 1958, an experiment was begun at Midhurst Nursery to study the effects of root pruning at different stages of growth and at two depths, on 3-0 stock of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and white pine (Pinus strobus L.). Root pruning was done by undercutting broadcast-sown seedbeds at two inch and four inch depths; in the fall as 2-0 (Sept. 16, 1958), in the spring at start of growth (April 30, 1959), during flush of growth (May 28, 1959) and towards end of terminal growth (June 25,1959).Seedbed counts were taken before lifting, in fall 1959, to study mortality. Random samples were taken on date of lifting (Sept. 17, 1959), for laboratory measurements to study effects on seedlings size. Other random samples were planted in experimental designs at Larose Forest. Counts of survival, and measurements of terminal growth were taken at the first, third and fifth year after planting.Results showed no mortality in the nursery but that all root pruning reduced height growth. Root pruning of white spruce after the flush of growth (June 25) increased survival and growth after outplanting, over that of unpruned stock. None of the treatments increased survival or growth of white pine. Depth of root pruning had no significant effect.

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