Enhancement of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Productivity through Sowing Methods and Seed Rates in Telangana State

Background: With the unparalleled growth in area and production, soybean has established itself as a leading oilseed crop of India. The crop is mainly grown under rainfed conditions, and the distribution of rainfall plays an important role in yield realization. The changed landform management with broad-bed furrow seed drill is gaining popularity as the system helps in in situ moisture conservation and draining out excess rainwater. A field experiment was conducted at Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur. The yield advantage by adoption of broad-bed and furrow (BBF) method over flat bed was 7.06%. Seed rate of 50 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher mean seed yield of 2804 kg ha-1 over 75, 38, 20 kg ha-1. The total benefit from adoption of BBF method recorded net returns of ₹ 53,233 ha-1 and B:C ratio of 2.58 over flatbed planting. Seed rate of 50 kg seed ha-1 recorded the highest net returns and B:C ratio this was followed by 75 kg ha-1 seed rate. Methods: A field experiment was conducted for three years (2017-19) at Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur, situated at an altitude of 286.3 m above mean sea level at 18°49’41" N latitude and 78°56’ 45" E longitude. Indeterminate variety of soybean ASB 22 was selected. The experimental plots (6m × 6m= 36m2) were laid out with split plot design with three replications. Main plot treatments were methods of planting: M1- Flat bed, M2- Broad bed and Furrow, and sub plot treatments were : seed rates; S1- 75 kg ha-1 (30 × 10 cm), S2- 50 kg ha-1 (30 × 15 cm), S3- 38 kg ha-1 (30 × 20 cm), S4- 20 kg ha-1 (30 × 30 cm). Result: The grain yields, water productivity, harvest index and economics of soybeans under BBF method of planting (in-situ water conservation) and flatbed practices were studied. BBF method increased seasonal soil water storage by 5.37%, 5.78% and 6.20% respectively compared with flatbed planting for 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively. Seed rate of 50 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher mean seed yield of 2804 kg ha-1 over 75, 38, 20 kg ha-1. The yield advantage by adopting seed rate of 50 kg ha-1 was 16.08%, 56.02% and 67.6% over 75, 38 and 20 kg ha-1 respectively. The total benefit from adoption of BBF method recorded net returns of ₹ 53,233 ha-1 and B:C ratio of 2.58 over flatbed planting. Seed rate of 50 kg ha-1 recorded the highest net returns and B:C ratio this was followed by 75 kg ha-1. Broad bed and furrow method of planting and optimum seed rate in soybean will enhance the soybean productivity.

Penerapan Sistem Monitoring Hidroponik berbasis Internet of Things (IoT)

Hydroponics is a method of planting without using soil media by utilizing water. The problem occurs when the farmer cannot control the water used in hydroponic. Therefore, we need a system to monitor the amount of water used in the hydroponic planting system. This service activity aims to develop and implement a hydroponic monitoring system based on IoT. This activity was carried out by students, followed by several accompanying lecturers. It aims to assist partners in measuring water content, temperature, and water pH in hydroponic plants. One of the business unit partners for this activity is SMEs engaged in hydroponic agricultural cultivation at the Science Technology & Industrial Park (STIPARK) NTB. This community service activity was held for four months. From the process of analyzing partner problems, they were testing the STIPARK management and hydroponic SME business partners and the community who later needed a hydroponic monitoring system based on the Internet of Things so that information could be received in real-time. This product can help hydroponic SME business partners know the level of water levels or nutrients, monitoring water temperature and water pH to help farmers increase crop yields from hydroponic cultivation.

Use of Narrow Rows in Sprinkler-Irrigated Corn Systems to Increase Grain Yields, Aboveground Biomass, and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies

Narrow rows and optimum nitrogen applications are effective best management practices (BMPs) to enhance crop yield in an economically viable way. In a set of four studies, we aimed to compare the traditional method of planting (TMP) in wider rows (76.2 cm) with a lower plant population (84,600 seeds ha−1) against a new BMP of planting in narrow rows (38.1 cm) with a higher plant population (158,000 seeds ha−1). Implementation of the BMP resulted in 29.9 Mg ha−1 of dry matter (DM) silage, which was 42.5% higher than the 21.0 Mg ha−1 observed with the TMP. The p-values for the BMP versus TMP silage comparisons were p < 0.05, p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 for studies 2, 3, and 4, respectively, showing the significantly higher production with the BMP. Silage production water use efficiency (WUE) and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (AE) were also higher with the BMP in studies 2, 3 and 4. The average harvested grain DM of the three BMP studies (9.9 Mg ha−1) was 9.5% higher than the 9.0 Mg ha−1 harvested grain DM with the TMP. The BMP of narrow rows with higher plant populations increases silage and grain production in sprinkler-irrigated systems.

Persepsi Petani Terhadap Metode Tanam Dan Tingkat Keberhasilan Usaha Tani Padi Di Desa Rajang Kecamatan Lembang Kabupaten Pinrang

Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi petani terhadap metode tanam di Desa Rajang Kecamatan Lembang Kabupaten Pinrang 2) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat keberhasilan usahatani padi di Desa Rajang Kecamatan Lembang Kabupaten Pinrang penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan september sampai oktober. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah statistik des Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik observasi, wawancara dan kuisioner dan sumber data yang digunakan yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah statsitik deskriptif dan skala likert. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi petani terhadap metode tanam jajar legowo dan tingkat keberhasilan usahatani padi diperoleh nilai 1.172 berada pada kategori (sangat tinggi) dikarenakan indikator pertanyaan yang diajukan yaitu meningkatkan hasil produktivitas mendapatkan respon yang sangat baik/ sangat setuju, sedangkan persepsi petani terhadap metode tanam tradisional memperoleh nilai 885 berada pada kategori ( tinggi) hal ini menunjukkan bahwa persepsi petani terhadap metode tanam tradisional tergolong tidak cukup baik dibandingkan dengan metode tanam jajar legowo yang di anggap memberikan banyak keuntungan dan meningkatkan hasil produksi. This study aims 1) To find out how farmers perception of planting methods in the village of Rajang Lembang District Pinrang 2) To know how the success rate of rice farming in the village of Rajang Lembang District Pinrang this research was conducted in September to October. Data collection techniques used in this study are statistics des Methods used in this study, namely observation techniques, interviews and questionnaires and data sources used i.e. primary data and secondary data. The data analysis used in this study is descriptive statistics and the Likert scale. The results showed that farmers' perception of legowo row planting method and the success rate of rice farming obtained a value of 1,172 is in the category (very high) because the indicators of the question asked are improving productivity results get a very good response / strongly agree, while the perception of farmers to traditional planting methods obtained a value of 885 is in the category ( high) this indicates that the perception of farmers to traditional planting methods is not good enough compared to the method of planting legowo row which is considered to provide a lot of advantages and increase the yield of production.

Planting Methods and Number of Buds of Setts on Sprouting, Growth and Productivity of Vegetative Propagated Crops: A Review

Ever increasing demand for food and fodder due to growing population and livestock necessitates the urgency to improve productivity of the fodder crops. In this context, the concept of vegetative propagation technologies serves as an important tool for higher productivity. Conventionally, crops such as sugarcane, cassava, bajra napier hybrid grass and napier grass were cultivated by stem cuttings. This depends heavily on the quality of planting material and their availability. It is a huge barrier for the cultivation of fodder grass as the quality of planting material influences the sprouting, establishment, growth, tillering and fodder yield of grasses and also the higher requirement of planting material increases the overall cost of cultivation. Therefore, a more robust approach needs to be developed to address these limitations. Normally propagation by vegetative means assumes importance when desirable biotypes need to be multiplied in a short span of time. Also a suitable method of planting and number of buds reduce the cost of cultivation as well as transportation. Similarly one and two budded setts are ideal for optimum germination compared to larger seed pieces. Horizontal planting of stem cuttings is the most practical approach which increased sprouting and yield. Based on this ideology this paper reviews the various aspects of influence of planting methods and number of buds by vegetative propagated setts on sprouting, growth and productivity of fodder grasses.

Effect of planting methods on growth and yield of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) varieties at Luyengo, midlevel of Eswatini

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is the most grown storage root crop in Eswatini. However, its storage root yield is low among smallholder farmers partly due to use of inappropriate varieties and agronomic practices such as planting method. Thus, a field experiment was conducted at the University of Eswatini, Faculty of Agriculture, Luyengo, during 2019/2020 cropping season to determine the effects of planting method on growth and yield of the three sweet potato varieties. Two planting methods, namely horizontal and vertical; and three sweet potato varieties, namely Kenya-white, Ligwalagwala and Lamngititi were evaluated in a factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design in three replications. Results showed non-significant difference between the planting methods in most growth and yield parameters recorded for the sweet potato varieties. However, the vertical method of planting had relatively higher vine length, number of branches, mass of storage roots and storage root yield than the horizontal method. On the other hand, there were significant (P<0.05) differences among the sweet potato varieties for most of parameters recorded. The sweet potato variety Ligwalagwala had the highest vine length, number of storage roots per plant (6.47), mass of storage roots per plant (1137 g) and storage root yield (12.01 tonnes/ha). Thus, either horizontal or vertical method of planting and variety Ligwalagwala can be used to increase the productivity of sweet potato in the study area.

Relationship between physiological traits and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under modified system of rice intensification

A field experiment was conducted to study influence of high-density planting on physiological parameters and yield of rice during late Samba (September-January) season of 2018-19. The treatments comprised of T1 - 25 × 25 cm with 100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) (SRI), T2 - 25 × 20 cm with 100% RDF, T3 - 25 × 15 cm with 100% RDF, T4 - 25 × 15 cm with 125% RDF, T5 - 20 × 20 cm with 100% RDF, T6 - 20 × 15 cm with 100% RDF, T7 - 20 × 15 cm with 125% RDF and T8 - Conventional cultivation with 100% RDF. Physiological parameters were recorded at four critical stages (active tillering, panicle initiation, flowering and maturity stages) of rice. The results revealed that photosynthetic rate (µmol CO2/m2/s), transpiration rate (mmol H2O/m2/s), stomatal conductance (mol H2O/m2/s) and chlorophyll index were increased in rice planted at a row spacing of 25 cm (T1, T2 and T3) over other treatments in all the stages. Lower rates were noted in conventional method of planting (T8) followed by T6 and T7. During 0600 hrs and 1000 hrs, closer spacing levels (T5, T6, T7 and T8) had higher leaf temperature, while during later at 1400 hrs and 1800 hrs, warmer leaf temperature (°C) was noted in wider spacing levels (T1 and T2) during all time of weekly observation. The grain yield of rice was higher with 20 × 20 cm spacing level compared to other closer and wider spacing levels with either 100% or 125% RDF. By correlation analysis, all parameter had a significant influence on yield.

New promising early-ripening soybean Glycine max (L.) Merril varieties Poiedynok and Kapryz

Purpose and objectives. To create new soybean varieties and combine early ripening, drought resistance and performance in them, which is necessary to obtain soybean yields in Southern Ukraine. Materials and methods. To create new varieties, the soybean collection the Institute of Oil Crops NAAS was used. The potential donors of valuable traits were identified in previous studies. The donors were investigated in two-row plots of 9.8 m2 in two replications as per the environmental trial technique. F1 hybrids were propagated, and seeds were harvested from each plant separately. F2 hybrids were sown as follows: seeds were sown by twos in the 70 cm x 70 cm square-cluster method of planting. Results and discussion. Our study of the starting material of the new varieties fully confirmed IV Seferov et al.’s conclusions on the differences in expression of important characteristics of soybean varieties when grown in different conditions. It turned out that the potentially very high-yielding varieties, Hodson and Diona, could not fulfill their high potentials, gain weight and form large numbers of pods. However, they were good as donors of high yield in the new varieties, Poiedynok and Kapryz. Successful breeding of early-ripening soybean varieties, adapted for the arid climate of Southern Ukraine, was ensured by selection of offspring under the extreme conditions of water deficit in Southern Ukraine and involvement of early-ripening varieties, with high potential to produce lateral stems Conclusions. The new early-ripening soybean varieties, Poiedynok and Kapryz, have been created; their vegetation periods are 100 days and 95 days, respectively; the potential yields amount to 3.5 t/ha, with the average yield of 2.3 t/ha from Poiedynok and 2.1 t/ha from Kapryz. The varieties meet the process specifications in terms of the plant height and the height of the lowest pod attachment, even ripening, resistance to lodging and pod shattering. They are tolerant to major fungal diseases and drought

Community Empowerment for Self-sufficiency in Herbal Plants to Face The Covid-19 Pandemic

Indonesia is famous for its rich herbs. Typically, these herbs are used as flavoured vegetables, medicinal plants, dried fruit and medicinal plants that are packed in the form of herbs. Some herbs are very good for curing and healing. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for spices is getting higher, but prices are also high. This has an impact on the cost of community needs. Community service aims to use herbs to improve the immune system in the face of COVID-19. Besides, for the use of the house yard by planting herbs as traditional medicinal plants with community empowerment. The methods used were counselling about spice plants, dividing spice plant seeds, and practising directly growing spices. The community service subjects were 41 residents Taman District on Provinsi of Sidoarjo, especially in a community group on 25 in Citizens Association of 10 Bohar Village, Taman Sidoarjo District. According to the results of the evaluation of the participant's knowledge assessment, according to the results of the pre-test and post-test evaluations, it was found that most of the participants experienced an increase in knowledge of spices (56.1%). Most residents (85%) prefer the direct practice method of planting spices because it is easier to understand right away. The conclusion indicated the effectiveness of the introduction and use of spices in increasing knowledge and direct cultivation practice. The next community service activity is to provide assistance and train residents in environmental cadre formation activities and the formation of TOGA plants. The output of this community service activity is a report that has been submitted in a journal and an increase in public understanding and awareness by planting spices.