A novel method for analyzing long bone diaphyseal cross-sectional geometry. A GNU Octave CSG Toolkit

2019 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bertsatos ◽  
Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Long Bone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Novel Method

Customized Circuit Interconnect and Repair by Laser Seeding and Constriction-Induced Plating.

1990 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian P. Partridge ◽  
C. Julian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Potential ◽  
Palladium Acetate ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Copper Electrolyte ◽  
Ion Laser ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Current Densities

ABSTRACTA novel method has been developed for producing customized copper interconnections on thermally-sensitive substrates by laser seeding followed by constrictioninduced electroplating. A polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, or glass-epoxy substrate is first sprayed with palladium acetate solution. 500 nm thick palladium interconnects are then formed using a 514 nm argon ion laser (10 mW - 50 mW) to selectively pyrolyze the acetate film. After cleaning, the part is immersed in an acid copper electrolyte and an alternating current (0.1 Amp - 2.0 Amp) passed through the palladium seed. Joule heating produces a cathodic shift in the equilibrium potential (dε0/dT = 0.63 mV/degree) which causes electrodeposition of copper along the seeded connection.Cross-sectional microscopy and electrochemical polarization studies show that local plating current densities of 10 mA/cm2 produce 1000 εm × 25 εm × 10 εm line geometries exhibiting excellent mechanical and electrical properties. The large process window suggests that customization and repair on lincwidths below 1 mil (25 εm) should be achievable routinely.

Loading Mode Interactions in Simulations of Long Bone Cross-Sectional Adaptation

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARC E. LEVENSTON ◽  
GARY S. BEAUPRÉ ◽  
DENNIS R. CARTER
Keyword(s):  
Long Bone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Loading Mode ◽  
Mode Interactions

Long bone cross-sectional geometry

2020 ◽  
pp. 307-320
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Ruff ◽  
Ryan W. Higgins ◽  
Kristian J. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Locomotor Behavior ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Center

Long bone diaphyseal cross-sectional geometries reflect the mechanical properties of the bones, and can be used to aid in inferences of locomotor behavior in extinct hominins. This chapter considers all available long bone diaphyseal and femoral neck cross-sections of specimens from Sterkfontein Member 4, and presents comparisons of these section properties and other cross-sectional dimensions with those of other early hominins as well as modern samples. The cross-sectional geometry of the Sterkfontein Member 4 long bone specimens suggests some similarities to, but also interesting differences in, mechanical loading of these elements relative to modern humans. The less asymmetric cortical bone distribution in the Sterkfontein femoral necks is consistent with other evidence above indicating an altered gait pattern involving lateral displacement of the body center of mass over the stance limb. The relatively very strong upper limb of StW 431 implies that arboreal behavior formed a significant component of its locomotor repertoire. Bipedal gait may have been less efficient and arboreal climbing more prevalent in the Sterkfontein hominins.

Clinicopathological characterization of long bone non-union: a prospective cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Galindo-Avalos ◽  
Avelino Colín-Vázquez ◽  
LuisDario Bernal-Fortich ◽  
Juan López-Valencia ◽  
Rafael Grajales-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Union

Radiographic estimation of long bone cross-sectional geometric properties

1993 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Runestad ◽  
Christopher B. Ruff ◽  
James C. Nieh ◽  
Richard W. Thorington ◽  
Mark F. Teaford
Keyword(s):  
Long Bone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Geometric Properties

scholarly journals Blood flow to long bones indicates activity metabolism in mammals, reptiles and dinosaurs

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1728) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger S. Seymour ◽  
Sarah L. Smith ◽  
Craig R. White ◽  
Donald M. Henderson ◽  
Daniela Schwarz-Wings
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Blood Flow Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Cross Sectional

The cross-sectional area of a nutrient foramen of a long bone is related to blood flow requirements of the internal bone cells that are essential for dynamic bone remodelling. Foramen area increases with body size in parallel among living mammals and non-varanid reptiles, but is significantly larger in mammals. An index of blood flow rate through the foramina is about 10 times higher in mammals than in reptiles, and even higher if differences in blood pressure are considered. The scaling of foramen size correlates well with maximum whole-body metabolic rate during exercise in mammals and reptiles, but less well with resting metabolic rate. This relates to the role of blood flow associated with bone remodelling during and following activity. Mammals and varanid lizards have much higher aerobic metabolic rates and exercise-induced bone remodelling than non-varanid reptiles. Foramen areas of 10 species of dinosaur from five taxonomic groups are generally larger than from mammals, indicating a routinely highly active and aerobic lifestyle. The simple measurement holds possibilities offers the possibility of assessing other groups of extinct and living vertebrates in relation to body size, behaviour and habitat.

Characterization of pulsed laser deposited MoS2 by transmission electron microscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2933-2941 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Walek ◽  
M.S. Donley ◽  
J.S. Zabinski ◽  
V.J. Dyhouse
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Novel Method

Molybdenum disulfide is a technologically important solid phase lubricant for vacuum and aerospace applications. Pulsed laser deposition of MoS2 is a novel method for producing fully dense, stoichiometric thin films and is a promising technique for controlling the crystallographic orientation of the films. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of self-supporting thin films and cross-sectional TEM samples was used to study the crystallography and microstructure of pulsed laser deposited films of MoS2. Films deposited at room temperature were found to be amorphous. Films deposited at 300 °C were nanocrystalline and had the basal planes oriented predominately parallel to the substrate within the first 12–15 nm of the substrate with an abrupt upturn into a perpendicular (edge) orientation farther from the substrate. Spherically shaped particles incorporated in the films from the PLD process were found to be single crystalline, randomly oriented, and less than about 0.1 μm in diameter. A few of these particles, observed in cross section, had flattened bottoms, indicating that they were molten when they arrived at the surface of the growing film. Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) was used to study the chemistry of the films. The x-ray microanalysis results showed that the films have the stoichiometry of cleaved single crystal MoS2 standards.

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