Understanding the interaction between Betanodavirus and its host for the development of prophylactic measures for viral encephalopathy and retinopathy

Abstract. The aim of this review was to investigate presentation, aetiology, management, and outcomes of bowel ischaemia following EVAR. We present a case report and searched electronic bibliographic databases to identify published reports of bowel ischaemia following elective infra-renal EVAR not involving hypogastric artery coverage or iliac branch devices. We conducted our review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement standards. In total, five cohort studies and three case reports were included. These studies detailed some 6,184 infra-renal elective EVARs, without procedure-related occlusion of the hypogastric arteries, performed between 1996 and 2014. Bowel ischaemia in this setting is uncommon with an incidence ranging from 0.5 to 2.8 % and includes a spectrum of severity from mucosal to transmural ischaemia. Due to varying reporting standards, an overall proportion of patients requiring bowel resection could not be ascertained. In the larger series, mortality ranged from 35 to 80 %. Atheroembolization, hypotension, and inferior mesenteric artery occlusion were reported as potential causative factors. Elderly patients and those undergoing prolonged procedures appear at higher risk. Bowel ischaemia is a rare but potentially devastating complication following elective infra-renal EVAR and can occur in the setting of patent mesenteric vessels and hypogastric arteries. Mortality ranges from 35 to 80 %. Further research is required to identify risk factors and establish prophylactic measures in patients that have an increased risk of developing bowel ischaemia after standard infra-renal EVAR.

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Peculiarities of psychophysiological adaptation of marine cadets during professional training in marine specialities

Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology ◽

10.31089/1026-9428-2018-12-19-24 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 19-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pavel F. Kiku ◽

Evgeniy V. Zhovnerchuk ◽

Irina P. Melnikova ◽

Natalya I. Izmerovа ◽

Kseniya M. Sabirova

Keyword(s):

Professional Training ◽

Reference Group ◽

Educational Institution ◽

Normobaric Hypoxia ◽

Medical Rehabilitation ◽

Occupational Training ◽

Prophylactic Measures ◽

Study Results ◽

Intermittent Normobaric Hypoxia ◽

Emotional Strain

Introduction.Occupational environment and occupational factors determine peculiarities in mastering marine occupations. Some unfavorable occupational educational and ecologic factors appear to cause high level of physical and psychoemotional stress.Objectiveis to study features of adaptation to study during occupational training in marine specialties in cadets of a higher marine educational institution, and to conduct medical and psychological rehabilitation.Material and methods.Examination covered 120 male cadets of 3rd and 4thyears of study: 70 (main group) and 50 (reference group). The age of the cadets was 21±0.4 years. To study characteristics of the cadets’ adaptation, the authors used psychological methods — Spielberger’s State Trait Anxiety Scale and Nemchin’s «Method measuring severity of neuropsychic stress». Statistical analysis was performed with software «Statistica for Windows 10.0».Study results and discussion.After 3 months of sailing, majority of the cadets appeared to be dysadapted. Deep clinical and laboratory studies proved that 39.4% of the examinees were apparently healthy and 60.6% of those had chronic diseases. Thus, a system of medical psychologic rehabilitation was designed, comprising primary and secondary prophylaxis methods. One of these prevention methods is a recovery complex of measures with intermittent normobaric hypoxia modified by us. The authors determined optimal regime of using intermittent normobaric hypoxia combined with medical rehabilitation.Conclusions.Adaptational state in cadets of high marine educational institution during professional training in marine occupations is characterized by increased psycho-emotional strain, anxiety and observed in 57.3% of the examinees. Findings are that after 3 months of sailing, majority of the cadets are dysadapted. To prevent morbidity and preserve health, the authors suggested a system of medical and psychologic rehabilitation including intermittent normobaric hypoxia with rehabilitation medical complex. The medical and prophylactic measures help to solve problems of psycho-emotional stress, lower morbidity parameters, prevent dysadaptation disorders, relieve functional overstrain. That preserves and improves the cadets’ health and forms an important stage in prevention of mental and behavioral disorders related to work.

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Correlation Between the Tyrozinkinazine Inhibitor Sunitinib - Dose, Schedule of Administration and Adverse Events

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.7.5737 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (7) ◽

pp. 1652-1659

Author(s):

Dana Lucia Stanculeanu ◽

Raluca Ioana Mihaila ◽

Daniela Zob ◽

Oana Catalina Toma ◽

Raluca Ioana Mihaila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Dose Reduction ◽

Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽

Renal Cell ◽

Kinase Inhibitor ◽

Dose Schedule ◽

Prophylactic Measures ◽

Hand Foot Syndrome

Sunitinib, a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated survival benefit in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and is generally well tolerated with most adverse events, manifesting as mild to moderate in severity. The most frequent related adverse events include hand-foot syndrome (HFS), hypertension, proteinuria, cardiac toxicities, myelosuppression, fatigue/asthenia, hypothyroidism, diarrhea and hepatotoxicity. The study aims to determine incidence of adverse events among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated Sunitinib within five years from 2010 to 2015 and comparing the results with data from literature. The study included a total of 56 patients treated with Sunitinib, with a dose of 50 mg (Schedule 4/2). Due to adverse events and individual safety and tolerability, at the indication of the personal clinician, 11 patients needed dose reduction, with a continuous dose of 37.5 mg, daily and 28 patients continued the dose of 50 mg taken daily, on a different schedule (2/1 schedule). The most important toxicities were anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal effects (diarrhea), fatigue and hypertension. After dose reduction or modified schedule the incidence of the most frequent toxicities (HFS, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and fatigue) decreased, but hypertension was still observed in 30% of patients. The results are similar with data from literature. Early identification of individuals at risk and monitoring patients during Sunitinib treatment is very important and it can facilitate early intervention with prophylactic measures or supportive treatment, thus increasing quality of life and adherence to treatment. Further studies need to establish which targeted population can benefit the most from adjusted regimens and to correlate them with prognostic factors for survival.

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Chemical Reactions of Iodoform in the Study of Post-Extraction Alveolites

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.10.5889 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (10) ◽

pp. 2378-2381

Author(s):

Cristian Budacu ◽

Mihai Constantin ◽

Iulia Chiscop ◽

Carmen Gabriela Stelea ◽

Raluca Dragomir

Keyword(s):

Healing Process ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Dental Extraction ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Key Factors ◽

Mucosal Regeneration ◽

Prophylactic Measures ◽

The Social ◽

The Face

Post-operative alveolitis is a topical issue in dental practice, which is also reflected by the etiopathogenic aspects. The conservative principle requires the maintenance of dento-periodontal units in the arch for as long as possible, but there are situations where dental extraction is required. The healing process of the post-surgical wound is complex and involves processes of gingival mucosal regeneration and bone reshaping, involving several local factors: wound size, presence of infection, alveolar vascularization, intraalveolar foreign bodies, and general factors, especially general condition, age and body reactivity. The quality, structure, maintenance, and retraction of the clot are key factors in the formation of connective tissue during the healing of the post-extraction would. At the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of Gala�i, during a 2-year period between January 2015 and December 30, 2016, 2780 patients that required surgery - dental extraction were consulted and diagnosed. We found that among those 2780 patients with dental extractions 105 (3.77%) had post-treatment alveolitis. No post-surgical alveolitis from the case study was complicated by osteomyelitis of the jaws or by suppurations of the superficial or deep compartments of the face. The prophylactic measures in each dental extraction, together with the correct and timely curative treatment, combined with the dentist�s competence and responsibility, can shorten the time of suffering, actively combating the risk factor and accelerating the social reintegration of the patient with post-treatment alveolitis.

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Prophylactic Measures in Early Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hyperhomocysteinemia

The Medical Journal of Cairo University ◽

10.21608/mjcu.2019.52340 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 87 (March) ◽

pp. 195-199

Author(s):

MAHMOUD F. MAHDIA, M.Sc. TAREK M. EL-HAWARY, M.D. ◽

SHAHENAZ H. EL-SHORBAGY, M.D. NAREMAAN M. EL-HAMAMY, M.D.

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Prophylactic Measures

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Performance of albumin-bilirubin score in prediction of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding

Egyptian Liver Journal ◽

10.1186/s43066-021-00088-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rehab Elsayed Elsafty ◽

Abdallah Ahmed Elsawy ◽

Ahmed Fawzy Selim ◽

Atef Mohamed Taha

Keyword(s):

Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Variceal Bleeding ◽

Early Discharge ◽

Meld Score ◽

Bleeding Control ◽

Acute Variceal Bleeding ◽

Prophylactic Measures ◽

Significant Performance ◽

Cirrhotic Patients ◽

Grade 3

Abstract Background Hepatic encephalopathy exacerbates the morbidity, delays hospital discharge, and increases the rate of readmissions of cirrhotic patients, particularly those are admitted by acute variceal bleeding. We evaluated the performance of albumin-bilirubin score in prediction of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding, in comparison to Child-Pugh and MELD scores. This prospective cohort study was conducted on 250 cirrhotic patients who were consecutively presented by acute variceal bleeding in the period from January to December 2020 at Tanta university emergency hospital. Albumin-bilirubin, Child-Pugh, and MELD scores were measured at admission, and then all patients were followed up for 4 weeks after endoscopic bleeding control for possible occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy Results Albumin-bilirubin, Child-Pugh, and MELD scores had significant performances in prediction of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding; in this regard, albumin-bilirubin score had the highest accuracy (AUC 0.858, CI 0.802-0.914, sig 0.000) followed by Child-Pugh score (AUC 0.654, CI 0.574–0.735, sig 0.001) and then MELD score (AUC 0.602, CI 0.519–0.686, sig 0.031). The cumulative incidence of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients with albumin-bilirubin grade 3 was found to be significantly more than that present in albumin-bilirubin grade 2; most of these hepatic encephalopathy cases occurred in the first 2 weeks of follow-up period. Conclusions Albumin-bilirubin score has a significant performance in risk prediction of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding better than Child-Pugh and MELD scores. Albumin-bilirubin grades could be used as a risk stratifying tool to triage cirrhotic patients who will benefit from early discharge after bleeding control and those patients who will benefit from prophylactic measures for hepatic encephalopathy.

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Genetic Predispositions, Prophylactic Treatments and Private Health Insurance: Nothing is Better Than a Good Pair of Genes

American Journal of Law & Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0098858800010601 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 45-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexandra K. Glazier

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Genetic Predisposition ◽

Genetic Linkage ◽

Dna Analysis ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Medical Community ◽

Care Providers ◽

Linkage Studies ◽

Prophylactic Measures

Discovering the genetic basis of a particular disease is not only of great interest to the medical community; private health insurers are also anxiously awaiting the results of genetic linkage studies. Apart from the scientific value of DNA studies, the results of genetic linkage research are relevant to health care delivery in two principal ways. First, identifying the genetic origin of a disease may allow doctors to detect the disease earlier. If doctors know that an individual is genetically predisposed to a particular disease, then health care providers can increase screening efforts and watch for early symptoms. Second, if an individual has a genetic predisposition to a particular disease, health care providers may employ preventive or “prophylactic" measures to reduce or eliminate the risk of developing the disease or condition to which the individual is genetically predisposed. Genetic linkage studies will soon allow more individuals to learn of their own genetic predispositions to certain diseases. Currently genetic predisposition tests (both pedigrees of family history and DNA analysis) can indicate that an individual is at high risk for developing a disease.

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Periprosthetic Joint Infection Prophylaxis in the Elderly after Hip Hemiarthroplasty in Proximal Femur Fractures: Insights and Challenges

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10040429 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 429

Author(s):

Dolors Rodríguez-Pardo ◽

Laura Escolà-Vergé ◽

Júlia Sellarès-Nadal ◽

Pablo S. Corona ◽

Benito Almirante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periprosthetic Joint Infection ◽

Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽

Joint Infection ◽

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽

Infection Prophylaxis ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Hip Hemiarthroplasty ◽

Femur Fractures ◽

Published Evidence ◽

Prophylactic Measures

We review antibiotic and other prophylactic measures to prevent periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after hip hemiarthroplasty (HHA) surgery in proximal femoral fractures (PFFs). In the absence of specific guidelines, those applied to these individuals are general prophylaxis guidelines. Cefazolin is the most widely used agent and is replaced by clindamycin or a glycopeptide in beta-lactam allergies. A personalized antibiotic scheme may be considered when colonization by a multidrug-resistant microorganism (MDRO) is suspected. Particularly in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization or a high prevalence of MRSA-caused PJIs a glycopeptide with cefazolin is recommended. Strategies such as cutaneous decolonization of MDROs, mainly MRSA, or preoperative asymptomatic bacteriuria treatment have also been addressed with debatable results. Some areas of research are early detection protocols in MDRO colonizations by polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR), the use of alternative antimicrobial prophylaxis, and antibiotic-impregnated bone cement in HHA. Given that published evidence addressing PJI prophylactic strategies in PFFs requiring HHA is scarce, PJIs can be reduced by combining different prevention strategies after identifying individuals who will benefit from personalized prophylaxis.

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WHEN WILL AUSTRALIA ADOPT MODERN PROPHYLACTIC MEASURES AGAINST LEPROSY?

The Medical Journal of Australia ◽

10.5694/j.1326-5377.1930.tb41676.x ◽

1930 ◽

Vol 2 (16) ◽

pp. 525-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leonard Rogers

Keyword(s):

Prophylactic Measures

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Anticholinergic Burden and Dry Mouth in Middle-Aged People

JDR Clinical & Translational Research ◽

10.1177/2380084419844511 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 62-70

Author(s):

A. Tiisanoja ◽

A.-M.H. Syrjälä ◽

A. Kullaa ◽

P. Ylöstalo

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Dry Mouth ◽

Subjective Feeling ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Aged People ◽

Prophylactic Measures ◽

Anticholinergic Burden

Introduction:Anticholinergic burden refers to the cumulative effect of taking 1 or more drugs with anticholinergic properties. At the moment, little is known about the association between the anticholinergic burden and dry mouth.Objectives:The objective of this article was to study, whether an anticholinergic burden is associated with dry mouth among middle-aged people.Methods:The study population included 1,345 people aged 46 y from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) study, who took part in a clinical medical and dental examination during 2012–2013. Medication data comprised both self-reported drug use and information obtained from the national register. Anticholinergic burden was measured using 10 different anticholinergic scales. Dry mouth was defined on the basis of having either a subjective feeling of dry mouth (xerostomia) or objectively measured low unstimulated or stimulated whole salivary flow rates (hyposalivation). Poisson regression models with robust error variance were used to estimate relative risk (RR). Regression models were adjusted for sex, smoking, diabetes, rheumatoid diseases, depressive symptoms, anxiety, total number of drugs, and antihypertensive drugs.Results:Approximately 14% of the participants reported having xerostomia and about 2% had hyposalivation. The RRs of different anticholinergic scales for xerostomia varied from 1.05 to 1.68. The scales’ RRs were between 0.89 and 2.03 for low unstimulated whole salivary flow (<0.1 mL/min) and between 0.59 and 1.80 for low stimulated whole salivary flow (<0.7 mL/min). Seven of 10 studied anticholinergic scales associated statistically significantly with dry mouth, either with xerostomia or hyposalivation.Conclusion:Most of the anticholinergic scales were associated with dry mouth, either with xerostomia or hyposalivation. There was considerable variation in the strength of the associations between anticholinergic scales and dry mouth.Knowledge Transfer Statement:The findings of this study suggest that dentists should take notice of the use of drugs with anticholinergic properties and their harmful effects among middle-aged people. Dentists should provide these patients with necessary guidance on how to cope with dry mouth and give them prophylactic measures against oral diseases associated with dry mouth.

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